هویت اجتماعی

The promising contribution of tourism industry in societal development makes it significant to the development program planners and suggesting researchers to identify determinants of tourism development, in general. However, this point has not been considered comprehensively in all tourism target areas, and perhaps neglecting the factors underlying rural tourism development has caused harmful effects on both the host society and tourists. So, this survey research was conducted aimed at investigating determinants of rural tourism development in tourism target villages of Dena county, Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad province with regard to components of societal capacity. The statistical population was resident household heads in tourism target villages of Dena county. The sample was consisted of 137 household heads were studied who were selected by simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity is confirmed by panel of the experts. The internal consistence (reliability) was assessed using Alpha Chronbach’s coefficient (0.52-0.91). Results of analyzing the capacity factors for rural tourism development revealed desirable status of individual capacity elements, medium social capacity and undesirable status regarding organization capacity factors. Results of the logistic regression model suggested that social, individual and organizational capacities determined rural tourism development. Finally, to develop rural tourism capacity some applied suggestions were provided.

Based on statistics and predictions, it has been determined that by 2025, the number of social network users will reach 4.4 billion people. The average duration of users' use of social networks is about 144 minutes per day. This trend, which has caused a change in consumer behavior due to the potential of social media to attract users, is well-known by marketers. The importance of examining social networks doubles as a tool that people in different groups or demographics, whether consciously or unconsciously, are involved in for many hours of the day; because people's social identity is formed by the norms of these groups, and based on their social identity, people decide to engage in different social networks and rely on this social identity to determine their usage of social networks, and finally, according to consumer behavior, people's reactions to brands are formed. It is worth mentioning that so far, few studies have examined these relationships and there is a research gap in this regard. This research seeks to help and complete the literature in this field. According to what has been stated, the research question is raised as follows: Does the social identity of the users affect the reaction to the brand regarding the use of electronic word-of-mouth advertising in social networks?

The research model is based on the studies of Wang (2017) and George et al. (2013). From the perspective of research philosophy, the current research is positivist (environmental authenticity). The survey strategy has been taken to investigate the causal relationships between the research variables. The statistical population of the research included all graduate students of Tehran University in the academic year 2018-2019. In order to collect data, 448 people were sampled using the stratified sampling method according to the volume. The tool for collecting data from the statistical sample was a standard questionnaire. The questions were designed based on the scales considered for social identity constructs (emotional, cognitive, and evaluative), user's willingness to buy the brand, use of social networks, and spread of electronic word of mouth. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions, which were designed based on the questionnaires of previous studies and adjusted according to the purpose of the research, forming the foundation of the work. A five-point Likert scale was used to measure the research variables.

The results showed that: a. The social identity (emotional, cognitive, evaluative) of users is effective in the use of social networks; b. The social identity (emotional, cognitive, evaluative) of users is effective on the spread of electronic word of mouth advertisements; c. The social identity (emotional, cognitive, evaluative) of users is effective on the reaction to (purchase intention) of the brand; d. The use of social networks plays a mediating role in influencing the social identity (emotional, cognitive, evaluative) of users on the brand purchase intention; e. The spread of electronic word-of-mouth advertising plays a mediating role in influencing the social identity (emotional, cognitive, evaluative) of users on the intention to buy a brand.

Based on the findings, suggestions can be made to social media managers and digital marketers: First, it is suggested that the managers of social networks, by providing unique facilities and features for users, create favorable feelings in them and a sense of emotional belonging and dependence on the network. This work can be achieved through measures such as easy and wide access, and also by using data analysis, it is possible to gain more knowledge about the interests of the audience and, accordingly, create more facilities and access in the social network. Second, it is suggested that managers of social networks create a favorable mental image in the minds of their users so that they feel more aligned between their personal identity and what is perceived by other users in social networks. This can be done through measures such as creating a safe space in the network, after which users share their real identity. This process leads to the feeling of alignment of the audience's identity with the social network. Third, it is suggested that managers of social networks seek to create a sense of importance in their network members. This work can be done through measures such as using users as opinion leaders and playing the role of influencers by them, arranging the influence of users' opinions to improve the level of satisfaction in the social network. Fourth, it is suggested that digital marketing managers should create dynamic, attractive, and useful advertising content for social network users. Additionally, they can take actions such as considering the needs of users in using networks, such as the need for entertainment, the need for knowledge and information, etc., in content production, involving users in the production of the content.

Don't put all the responsibilities on the politicians, in fact, it is the people who have a more important and sensitive role. The leaders have said that building an economy for the people is a necessity of a resistance economy. Our resistance economy is basically popular. Considering the importance of resistance economy, this research aims to investigate the role of social identity in the trend towards resistance economy patterns using field research methods, survey techniques, questionnaire tools and SPSS software. The studied population includes people aged 18 and above among military personnel. 376 people were selected as the sample size using Cochran's formula. The findings indicate the existence of a positive, direct and significant relationship between all the independent variables and the dependent variable of the research. In other words, as social identity (0.35) and its indicators such as family identity (P = 0.44), religious identity (P = 0.36), ethnic identity (P = 0.30), national identity ( P = 0.34) and individual identity. Among the employees, there will be more possibility to tend to resistance economy patterns (P = 0.22).

One of the latest caring approaches in the management of social systems specially the knowledge-oriented organizations such as hospitals and universities is to take the advantages of social identity construction.

Social identity construction, as a multi-exemplar process compatible with social system in light of sociological and socio-psychological approach at macro-micro and integrative levels, has been left intact. To shed light on the issue, its social system-based construction in protecting the performance of individuals was addressed in this study.

To tackle the problem, a sample of 445 probabilistically stratified sampled students from Tehran University attempted a researcher-made tablet-rendered valid and reliable questionnaire. Actually, both content and construct validity measures of the instrument were checked through expert judgment and factor analysis, respectively and its reliability was estimated through Cronbach alpha correlational coefficient and one sample parametric t-test was run to test the main hypothesis.

The findings supported the claim predicting direct effects of the functional deficiency of social system on lower effects of caring performance of social system in individuals' social identity construction(T=15).

The applied results suggest that administrators play their own role as to the functional necessities of social system in paving the way for the participation and SI construction of individuals so that the best while most economical caring for their performance in line with the organizational objectives and ultimately a proper progress can be achieved

The aim of current study is to identify the effective factors on the social identity of women in Iran and present a structural and interpretive model for the same case. The study is practical. Firstly, previous studies in terms of women’s social identity and the related effective factors were investigated. Then, through purposeful sampling from female elites, and administering questionnaire, a self-interactive matrix was extracted through interpretive structural modelling. By analyzing the factors affecting the women’s social identity, a prioritization was constructed. Finally, employing Mic Mac analysis, the type of variable considering their significance and dependency were sorted. Based on the findings, some of the key independent variables of women’s social identity were: interactional web, socio-economic status, novel IT technology, social capital, and cultural capital. The dependent variables were: body management, traditional roles, athletic contribution, modern roles (independent and updated woman), religious beliefs, reason, globalization, social security, the link between different identities and spare time. Life satisfaction is a dependent variable which is highly related to other variables in the social identity of Iranian women

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of social identity with social capital and social entrepreneurship in physical education students. The present research is applied research and the research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was students of physical education and sports sciences of Tehran universities in the academic year 2020-2021. 254 students were selected as a sample by the Morgan table. Participants completed the Social Capital Questionnaire (2000), Social Identity Questionnaire (2011), and Social Entrepreneurship Questionnaire (2011). In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation model (SEM) were used using SPSS/24 and Smart PLS/3 software. Results showed that social identity has a positive and significant relationship with social entrepreneurship and social capital (p<0.05) also, social capital has a positive and significant relationship with social entrepreneurship (p<0.05). GOF index was used to fit the model, which showed that the present study has a good fit (GOF = 0.66). Therefore, one of the factors affecting social entrepreneurship is social identity. Social entrepreneurship can be enhanced by strengthening social identity, and social entrepreneurship and students' social identity can be strengthened by improving social capital in physical education students.

Considering the importance of discussing the feeling of psychological security, the present research. using the field method, survey technique and questionnaire research tool, seeks to answer the main question whether there is a relationship between the desire for social identity and the feeling of psychological security among military personnel. has it? Undoubtedly, security and feeling of social security is one of the main necessities of the life of any political and social system. Today, the role and importance of social security in the progress of any society is so fundamental that considered as the basis and prerequisite for any development. The statistical population of the research that we have addressed is all the military personnel aged 18 and above in Tehran, of which 384 people have been examined as the sample size. SPSS software and Smart PLS structural equations were also used for data analysis. The results of the research indicate that there is a difference between the desire for social identity (P=0.35) and its indicators, namely political identity (P=0.40), national identity (P=0.30), cultural identity (P=0.36), Group identity (P=0.26) and religious identity (P=0.38) have a positive, direct and significant relationship with employees' sense of psychological security. Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. Also, the results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also show that the desire for social identity has a moderate effect on the feeling of psychological security (0.45) and the social identity variable has a total of (0.21) of the variance of the psychological security feeling variable

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of social media marketing activities on the intention to buy Consumers through the role of mediating social identity, perceived value and consumer’s satisfaction.

According to the unlimited community of customers of Cinere Cosmetics Company, 384 people were selected as sample. Research data were collected using Chen and Lin (2019) research questionnaire for analysis, and its validity and reliability were assessed. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the collected data.

The results show that social media-based marketing activities have a positive and significant effect on social identity, perceived value, customer satisfaction, purchase intention, persistence intention, and participation intention. Social identity and perceived value also have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction also has a significant positive effect on purchase intention, persistence intention, and participation intention.

The results of this study will be useful for designing a strategic marketing plan for Cinere Cosmetics and will help managers and marketers find a strategy to increase their brand performance by defining specific factors related to the intention to buy, the perceived value of the customer. In addition, design the social identity of the brand.

Wider scope and distribution of research in social identity (SI) has made the necessity of a systematic review of the scientific research more obvious than ever. An evaluation of the approaches, methodologies, results as well as the assessment approach to SI can be considered as an effective step to depict such studies more comprehensively. So, this study, aimed at classifying the pertinent studies in SI and paving the way for defining it and offering a full-fledged and an applied investigation into it, tries to address the question that “what were the approaches behind the previous studies in defining and investigating SI?

In light of a qualitative meta-analytic approach based on Sandelowski’s and Barroso’s seven-step strategy, a general analysis has been made following an investigation and comparison of the pertinent studies and their qualitative assessment in terms of approach, method and results.

While achieving the three parameters including in SI studies, this research revealed that no organized and integrated investigations have been made to address SI based on a comprehensive and applied scientific approach. So, some kind of theoretical and methodological dispersion and multiplicity is seen in such studies.

There is no conceptual consensus among the pertinent studies in SI, and they are suffering from some type of scholastic reductionism in its definition and assessment due to lack of a cohesive analytic, theoretical, and methodological bases. To compensate for the shortcomings and offering an integrative theory, conducting meta-scholastic studies in the process of SI construction are suggested.

With the advent of social networks, a new style of human interaction and communication has emerged around the world. This change in style in areas such as marketing and consumer behavior has led to more focus and attention on the customer. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of social media marketing activities on repurchase intention and sustainable social communication in Atisaz Iranian Iranian Company in Mashhad. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research includes the customers of Atiesaz Iranian Company in Mashhad. The sampling method is simple random. The number of samples in this study is 374 people. The tool used for data collection is a questionnaire; the face and content validity of which is approved by professors and experts in the field of marketing. Also, to determine the convergent validity, the extracted mean variance method has been used. Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used to calculate the reliability. Structural equation software (PLS) was used to analyze the data. The results show that social network marketing activities have a direct, positive and significant effect on repurchase intention and sustainable social communication and customer satisfaction. The results of the study of mediating variables also show that customer experience and perceived value have a positive and direct effect on customer satisfaction. On the other hand, no significant relationship was observed between the variables of customer identity and customer satisfaction.

The multitude of clothing manufacturers has led to a fully competitive market. Therefore, respective stakeholders are always seeking to increase the attraction and retain committed and loyal customers to their brand in this competitive market. Many clothing manufacturers from other countries are attempting to enhance the attraction and retain loyal Iranian customers through their sales representatives in Iran and understanding how to build constructive communications with their Iranian customers. This study examines the factors affecting the brand attraction and loyalty of Iranian customers to a foreign clothing manufacturer. In fact, the present study aims to investigate the drivers of attraction to the brand and loyalty to a foreign clothing brand, despite the diversity and differences between the two countries, including cultural and social differences. In addition, this research helps local marketers and stakeholders in clothing to attract loyal and committed customers in other countries by identifying the factors affecting loyalty and interest in the brand. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to enrich the brand management literature as well as to investigate the effect of social identity, communication and, product classification on brand interest and brand loyalty.

The present applied research is quantitative and descriptive in terms of data collection (research design). The statistical population of this study includes customers of Benton clothing brand in Tehran and the required data were collected using a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS3 software (professional version) were used to analyze the data. Accordingly, the model fit is examined in three modes: the measurement model (the reliability of the factor loading of the indicators, the reliability that includes Cronbach's alpha and the combined reliability, and the validity that includes convergent as well as divergent validity), the structural model (determinant coefficient), and the general model (goodness-of-fit index). Structural equation modeling and partial least squares approaches were also implemented to investigate the research hypotheses.

The results have shown that brand loyalty includes three feelings of passion, kindness, and communication. On the other hand, brand loyalty is related to the quality of communication, and any increase in the communication with consumers can lead to improved loyalty and enhanced financial performance. Moreover, the effect of self-expression on brand interest was confirmed in the present study. Self-expression of an activity is related to emotions, which affects brand loyalty by creating dependence and interest in the brand.

Conclusion

According to the findings, social identity indicates the sense of belonging to certain social groups with an individual aspect. Thus, the social identity of social groups is achieved when the person considers himself/herself as a member of a particular group. The results of this study showed that social identity has a positive effect on self-expression. Besides, customers who have experienced brand interest are more likely to participate in a constructive partnership within a brand community. In addition, the results revealed that self-expression is potentially influential in increasing brand interest and encouraging desirable post-purchase behaviors.

Today, the importance of dealing with healthy and organic foods, due to the many benefits of these products, has already become clear to everyone. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of social identity, social influence, perceived value and consumer innovativeness on the intention to Purchasing organic products. This research in terms of purpose is practical and in method is the category of descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of the study is all consumers of organic products in Karaj. After determining the sample size by structural equation modeling, the available cluster sampling method was used. The data collection tool in this study was the standard questionnaire of Persaud and Schillo (2017) study. the reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its combined reliability and its validity was confirmed by content validity and construct validity. to analyze the data used from structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software. After examining the fit of the model, the results show that social identity and social Influence have a significant effect on the intention to purchasing organic products and the mediating role of perceived value of customers confirmed and the role of moderating consumer innovativeness in identity Social impact and social influence impact on the intention to purchasing organic products was not confirmed.

Despite suffering from a shortage of nurses, healthcare organizations all over the world strive to treat their patients with the services of the best quality. previous research indicated that organizational factors (such as credible leadership) and the availability of organizational resources (such as physical space, time, etc.) reduced the possibility of burnout. however, empirical evidence for healthcare personnel is contradictory, which implicates the need for more research on organizational determinants of job burnout. given the critical role of nurses, especially in the current COVID-19 pandemic, and the necessity to consider their mental situations, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of social identity and gender in the relationship between transformational leadership and job burnout among nurses of social security hospital in Rasht city.

In general, there exists an increasing research flow on how to lead nurses in healthcare systems. the common belief is that effective leadership is of the most important factors in favorable work environments. a transformational leader who is seeking change in line with organizational objectives and environmental conditions encourages their subordinates to fulfill the organization's mission. on the other hand, social identity makes employees feel linked with group members and act align with the group’s goals and interests. social identity theory suggests that, for being distinguished from others emotionally and socially, people introduce themselves with common features of social institutions in which they are members.

The statistical population is comprised of 185 (75 male and 110 female) nurses of Rasool-e-Akram social security hospital in Rasht. A sample size of 130 was proposed by cochran's formula and selected by conducting simple random sampling. the data gathering instrument was a questionnaire made up of pre-made scales and obtained data analyzed by conducting PLS-SEM in SmartPLS v.3.

Research results indicated that social identity mediates the significant and inverse effect of transformational leadership on job burnout. in addition, research results revealed that nurses’ gender does not moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and social identity. 5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS Transformational leaders exploit employees' skills and ideas to lead their organizations into greater levels of entrepreneurial performance. they pay attention to members’ participation, group knowledge sharing, and giving a special place to employees. these factors may prevent employees from work overload, work stress, and job burnout. by creating dynamic groups in different divisions of the hospital and involving nurses in group activities, managers can reduce nurses’ work pressure and cause them to enjoy nursing activities as much as possible. regarding the rejection of moderating hypothesis, it can be said that although gender can influence the individuals’ social identity at the social level, it may not apply to nurses who subconsciously form a social identity within themselves. on the other hand, transformational leaders may undermine the role of nurses’ gender in shaping social identity because of their confidence in their subordinates, optimism, and positive attitude towards the future.

The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between social identity and job self-efficacy with the mediating role of emotional intelligence. The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population included 240 preschool teachers in Bojnourd. According to Krejcie-Morgan table, 148 people were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were Saffarinia and Roshan Social Identity Questionnaire (2011), Schering Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1996) and Riggs & Knight (1994) Job Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. The face and content validity of the tools were confirmed by experts. To analyze the data using SPSS 21 and PLS software. Results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social identity and job self-efficacy (path coefficient 0.315). Also, a positive and significant relationship was found between the components of emotional intelligence and job self-efficacy, with the exception of the component of social awareness (path coefficient 0.303). There is a positive and significant relationship between social identity and emotional intelligence (path coefficient 0.548). Due to the positive and significant relationships between the variables, the mediating role of emotional intelligence was confirmed.

Nowadays virtual communities play significant role in different business aspects, which is why competition between virtual communities is growing; as a result studies which are conducted to determine factors affecting consumers’ participation attract specialist’s attention. The aim to write this article is considering personal and social factors which affect consumers’ participation in virtual communities. In this respect, mixed method research (qualitative and quantitative) has been conducted in this study. First semi-structured interview with experts has been analyzed by directed content analysis technical, and then research model was tested by quantitative method. Quantitative research result has shown personal and social factors, especially which were identified exploratory had significant effect on consumers’ participation. Personal exploratory factors were consisting of; personality type, job expert, defects of real space, also identified social factors revealed that subjective norms, group norms and social identity had effect on consumers’ participation in virtual communities.

In this paper, the effect of social identity on urban development projects documents has been considered. Creating social identity through human and natural symbols in cities One of the important issues in urban management is considered as one of the necessities of sustainable development. The methodology of the research in this study is based on the purpose of the study and the method of study according to the method and nature of descriptive-analytical and field studies. The statistical population of this research is urban managers and experts related to social identity of the city. The research validity of factor analysis and elite opinion has been used and the reliability has been calculated by Krone Bach's alpha test. The Krone-Bach Alpha coefficient calculated for this questionnaire is at an acceptable level of 0.472. In the descriptive statistics section, the demographic characteristics and the inferential analysis section, according to the output of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, a single-variable T-test for the hypothesis has been used because of the normality of confirming or rejecting the research hypotheses. It should be noted that analyzes were performed using SPSS software. Findings of the research indicate that social identity has no significant effect on the documents of the urban development programs, and according to the average obtained, which is higher than the average observed, indicates that the social identity status is higher than the average effective.

In the comparison between conceptual boundaries of public security and social security, the social concept of social security is the result of a multiplicity of identities and companionship. The unit of analysis of social security or social identity is identity and national identity, ethnic and religious is desired. Sometimes it is believed that social security refers to the set of policies and strategies aimed at creating confidence in the collective life of its people and is usually referred to social security. However, the "public security" in terms of this mechanism beyond also gone and compensation policies, legal establishment of society, morals, and is also on. By this definition it is clear that social security, public safety is part of the nature of 'compensation' and after the creation of "confidence" in the citizens. Or in comparison with personal security or the level of security, personal security should be noted that the main issue is that person, in other words the most important issue of the reference security is considered. Many are person-centered approach to security sources. For example, the final issue of security is considered critical views of the person and freedom from threats and problems they encounter synonymous with security. In the meantime it is important that both security and social rights should be emphasized, however, only when threatened public security and social rights and interests and the public interest require (ie. harms those rights apply in the circumstances and particular sections it is of benefit to the general public), freedom and social rights is limited. In other words, social rights and social rights merely because it is limited in very specific circumstances.

If turnover intention results in leaving the organization، it may lead to a number of negative consequences such as recruitment and training costs، loss of productivity، disruption to work flow، low morale and reduced loyalty among the incumbent staff. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Leader-member exchange and employee turnover intention of the Rasht Branch of Islamic Azad University. In addition، the mediating effect of Organizational identification and moderating effect of Collectivist human resource management (C-HRM) were examined. A sample of 149 employees of total number of 241 were selected by using a convenience sampling method. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between Leader-member exchange and Organizational identification. Besides، there is a significant negative relationship between Organizational identification and turnover intention. Moreover، collectivist human resource management (C-HRM) moderates the relationship between Leader-member exchange and Organization identification.