administrative corruption

Tendering in economic activities is aimed at creating equal opportunities for economic actors and discovering the lowest price for public or executive organizations. A significant portion of commercial and industrial activities in public or public entities involves large-scale transactions, necessitating either public or restricted tenders. Annually, numerous commercial transactions are conducted through tenders, and even minor deviations from the law in this domain can result in major economic corruption and considerable financial losses. The purpose of this paper is to design a system based on fuzzy expert system methodology to evaluate the integrity of tender processes. The research adopts an exploratory approach and is conducted using expert systems methodology. The proposed system includes a knowledge base containing rules that infer the level of compliance or deviation from the law using if-then logic. These rules are derived from higher-level legal regulations and expert opinions, particularly those in supervisory organizations, and are then transformed into if-then statements. MATLAB software is employed for the design of the fuzzy expert system, enabling the collection of rules, rule coding, and fuzzy inference. The results include 30 fuzzy rules for assessing the integrity of tenders. The designed system can be utilized by regulatory bodies, supervisory entities, and any organization involved in tenders to ensure compliance with regulations and the integrity of tender processes.

Administrative integrity is essential for organizational development and improved performance. This study examines the state of administrative health and corruption and its impact on the performance of the Pasteur Institute of Iran. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature, utilizing both field and library studies. The statistical population comprised 1,100 employees of the institute, with a sample size of 285 which was determined using the Morgan table. Simple random sampling was employed, and the main data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire. In adherence to ethical principles, all referenced sources were acknowledged, and the intellectual rights of authors were respected. The study evaluated 12 factors, revealing that in the rule-of-law dimension, the proportion of male participants agreeing with all statements was slightly higher than female participants, although the differences were not statistically significant. In contrast, the transparency dimension showed greater variability in responses between men and women, which was statistically significant (P > 0.05). Across other dimensions, male and female respondents generally shared similar views. The findings indicate that the institute's performance in assessing corruption risk is satisfactory. Moreover, implementing educational programs has enhanced managers' awareness of corruption issues. However, the lack of meritocracy in appointments has led to employee distrust in senior management

Today, the administrative system health is one of the factors in achieving organizational development goals and programs. Administrative health is a situation where all organizational factors are capable achieving goals and are able to identify and take measures when adopted. The present study deals with the identifing and ranking the threatening deviances of administrative health in Iranian public organizations, which is a practical study and Sequential exploration mixed method. The study community is the Qazvin Province Education Organization and the qualitative sector data was compiled using the Board of Administrative Violations and semi -structured interviews with 12 experts and coded with Maxqda2020 by content analysis method, with a total of 54 basic concepts, 16 sub -categories and 4 dimensions of the main category were identified. The quantitative data was compiled by distributing the structured questionnaire between 70 administrative experts and Qazvin Education Violations Board, then analyzed by SPSS26 software for the Friedman Ranking test. The qualitative findings show that administrative health deviances inclod the four main categories of service regulators deviances, service provider's deviances, service payments deviances, and service supplier's deviances. The result of Friedman's test shows that defects in the laws and regulations is the most important threat to regulator administrative health, abuse and manipulation of financial documents is the most important threat to the payments administrative health and violations in auction and bids is the most important threat to the administrative health of suppliers service.

 The primary factor contributing to administrative corruption in the country is the lack of transparency and accountability of the government and its subsidiaries toward the public. The lack of attention to the transparency of Iranian public organizations over the years has resulted in irreparable damage to the country. In recent years, substantial financial and administrative corruption cases have emerged in governmental agencies nearly every few months. Thus, this research addresses a fundamental issue within the country, as a majority of the public has personally experienced these challenges and irregularities when interacting with public organizations. This study aims to present a model for enhancing administrative transparency in alignment with e-government development programs.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

Since few studies have been conducted on the transparency of the administrative system in relation to e-government development programs, the nature of this research is exploratory, and the approach is qualitative. Specifically, it utilizes a case study strategy focused on the Social Security Organization. The research population includes elites and academic experts within the Social Security Organization. No sample size calculation was required because the qualitative sample was purposefully selected. The researcher used a snowball sampling technique to reach theoretical saturation, achieving it after conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 experts. The study employed thematic analysis to propose and validate a model titled “Model for Enhancing Administrative Transparency in Interaction with E-Government Development Programs.” Participant validation was used to ensure construct validity. Internal validity was established by comparing the experience-based model generated from coding, categorization, and qualitative data analysis with the anticipated model derived from theoretical subjects. To ensure the reliability of the qualitative part of the research and theoretical saturation, the agreement test based on the correlation matrix of the agreement of opinions between the interviewees and the diagram of two coders have been used. Additionally, the data analysis was performed using the Maxqda qualitative analysis software, version 2020.

 The research findings revealed nine main themes. The sub-themes for the first main theme (Organizational Culture and Atmosphere) include organizational values, organizational trust, motivational practices, and superior organizational atmosphere. Sub-themes for the second main theme (Administrative Structure and Processes) include structural and process integration, decentralization, and administrative process reform. Sub-themes for the third main theme (Managerial Factors) include appropriate leadership style, financial management, human resource management, and IT management. Sub-themes for the fourth main theme (Environmental Factors) include the economic environment, cultural environment, government and legal institutions, and the political environment. Sub-themes for the fifth main theme (Managerial Supervision) include hierarchical supervision, inspector supervision, and digital supervision. Sub-themes for the sixth main theme (Public Supervision) include individual monitoring, media oversight, and supervision by NGOs. Sub-themes for the seventh main theme (Public Accountability) include establishing an accountable structure, stakeholder accountability, and promoting a culture of accountability. Sub-themes for the eighth main theme (Establishment of E-Government) include e-service delivery, e-information dissemination, e-accountability, and e-participation. Sub-themes for the ninth main theme (Growth and Development of the Social Security Organization) include dynamism and flourishing, growth in organizational profitability, human resource growth and development, and improving organizational and staff performance.

Limitations & Consequences:

 Due to time constraints, this article only focuses on the Social Security Organization (selected for accessibility as the research population).

Practical Consequences:

 This research's findings benefit the Social Security Organization, all companies within this sector, and generally to all governmental and private organizations within the country.

Innovation or value:

 of the Article Given the limited studies on administrative transparency in interaction with e-government development programs, this study employs a qualitative research approach, specifically a case study strategy in the Social Security Organization.

This research aimed to design a model of organizational accountability with a preventive approach to administrative corruption in the country's property and document registration organization. This research is based on the purpose, and application, and based on the nature and method, it is a description of an interpretive type. According to its exploratory nature, the research method used in this study was foundational data analysis. This method has been both a guide for collecting research data and a formal tool for analyzing research findings. The statistical population of the research is academic experts and senior managers of the country's property and document registration organization. In this research, snowball sampling was done, and the sampling was completed after reaching theoretical saturation. In this research, first, the necessary data was collected using semi-structured interviews with experts, and the initial model was presented. The foundation's data method was done by paying attention to the words in the text and scrutinizing and accuracy of the text by the coding method and using MAXQDA software. The results of the research showed that fear of God and religiosity, skills and competencies, rule of law, trust, and confidence, clear accountability, cultural infrastructure, educational investment, effectiveness and efficiency of processes, quality of regulations, participatory management, justice-oriented, cognitive skills, adaptability and tolerance. , reducing administrative corruption, improving community satisfaction, reforming and improving the administrative system, meritocracy, and human resource satisfaction were identified as indicators of the organizational accountability model with a preventive approach to administrative corruption in the country's Property and Deed Registration Organization.

 Administrative corruption is one of the most significant challenges impacting public trust, organizational efficiency, and transparency in government institutions. This issue arises and intensifies due to multiple factors, including inefficient structures, as well as cultural, social, political, and economic issues. From the perspective of Islamic teachings—especially the Nahj al-Balagha and the words of Imam Ali (PBUH)—addressing corruption through understanding and reforming structures and reinforcing ethical principles is essential. In Nahj al-Balagha, directives on justice, meritocracy, accountability, employee welfare, and eliminating discrimination provide valuable guidelines for combating corruption.This study aims to identify and analyze the structural factors contributing to administrative corruption and proposes an applicable model for prevention based on the teachings of Imam Ali (PBUH). Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and expert opinions, these factors are identified and ranked in order of priority. The objective of employing this method is to offer a systematic solution for improved administrative governance and reform based on Islamic viewpoints. This research highlights that reforming administrative structures and clarifying processes related to recruitment, selection, and oversight can lead to a more robust and efficient system with minimized potential for corruption.

This research employs a mixed approach, comprising both descriptive and quantitative-analytical components. In the first phase, which focuses on identifying and analyzing theoretical foundations, a descriptive method is applied. This stage includes an in-depth review of Islamic sources, particularly Nahj al-Balagha, to identify and gather teachings relevant to administrative corruption. The guidance of Imam Ali (PBUH) regarding combating corruption and strengthening ethical principles within administrative systems is analyzed and categorized, particularly teachings that emphasize meritocracy, justice, effective oversight, and employee welfare.In the second phase, to rank the identified factors, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is employed. AHP, as a tool for analyzing complex, multi-criteria decisions, enables the comparison and prioritization of various criteria and indicators. In this study, Expert Choice software was used for AHP calculations, and the required data were gathered through interviews with experts in administrative, Islamic, and social fields. This method is particularly suitable for this study as it allows for converting qualitative opinions into quantitative data, enabling the prioritized identification of influential factors. Finally, qualitative indicators were converted into quantitative coefficients, and the ranking of factors contributing to administrative corruption was determined.

The study’s findings revealed that among the various factors, structural factors have the greatest impact on the emergence of administrative corruption and directly contribute to creating further challenges. Among the identified structural factors, the flawed recruitment and selection system holds the highest importance coefficient (0.417) and is recognized as the primary structural factor influencing administrative corruption. These findings indicate that selecting and appointing employees based on personal connections rather than qualifications requires urgent reform, as this not only leads to internal corruption but also paves the way for other forms of corruption to proliferate.In second place, inadequate compensation for employees was assigned an importance coefficient of 0.229. This finding suggests that insufficient wages and benefits can undermine employees’ motivation to adhere to ethical standards, prompting them toward corrupt behaviors. In essence, a lack of adequate financial support for employees may lead them to engage in illegal activities to meet their personal needs.The third factor, an ineffective performance evaluation system (importance coefficient: 0.196), indicates inefficiencies in accurately assessing the performance of employees and managers. The lack of transparency and inefficacy in evaluations can demotivate competent employees, while in some cases promoting unqualified individuals, which itself fosters administrative corruption.In fourth place, gaps in oversight carry an importance coefficient of 0.158. The absence of strong, comprehensive monitoring systems allows employees and managers to exploit public resources. Weak and non-transparent oversight creates a favorable environment for the emergence and spread of corruption. Therefore, establishing a comprehensive oversight structure can significantly improve administrative health.

The analysis of findings shows that structural factors play a critical role in the development and spread of administrative corruption and are in dire need of reform. Islamic teachings, particularly the guidance of Imam Ali (PBUH), underscore the importance of a healthy administrative structure. Imam Ali (PBUH) in Nahj al-Balagha emphasizes principles such as meritocracy in recruitment and selection, adequate support for employee welfare, effective oversight, and fair evaluations—all of which have been identified as influential factors in this study. From this perspective, administrative structure reforms must be prioritized to combat administrative corruption effectively.This study highlights the application of AHP as a scientific tool for ranking and prioritizing corruption-related factors. The use of AHP allows for a precise examination and multi-criteria comparison between different factors, enabling policymakers and managers to take appropriate actions based on scientifically derived priorities. Furthermore, AHP provides the ability to convert qualitative data into quantitative outcomes, yielding accurate results for better data analysis and management.Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that policymakers and organizations' managers focus on reforming recruitment and selection systems, improving compensation structures, and establishing transparent systems for oversight and performance evaluation to reduce and manage corruption. Additionally, attention to ethical and cultural teachings can serve as an effective complement to structural reforms, thereby strengthening the integrity of the administrative system.

Today, all the countries of the world, especially Iran, have problems in controlling the fight against corruption and need comprehensive and practical models to deal with it. This research tries to present a comprehensive model of the failure to fight against administrative corruption in Iran's government organizations and contribute to our knowledge of this phenomenon.In this research, using data-based theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with university faculty members and executives of executive bodies and then according to the method of Strauss and Corbin, the research process model was designed and then according to the method of Strauss and Corbin, the research process model was designed. After analysis, a total of 185 concepts were identified, which were classified into 38 subcategories and 16 main categories. The results showed that the fight against administrative corruption has failed due to factors such as legal problems, behavioral-normative problems, structural-management problems and environmental problems. This phenomenon is based on factors such as culture and ruling values, politics and government, and organizational characteristics, management characteristics and information characteristics (intervening factors) affect it.  Institutional-legal reforms, prevention and control of corruption, using motivational-supportive approach, having an active monitoring mechanism and transparency were among the strategies that, if used, will be associated with favorable consequences in the social, organizational, economic and political sectors. It is expected that the mentioned model can successfully fight against administrative corruption in Iran's government organizations.

Development and corruption are two related concepts; in fact, they are two sides of the same coin. This implies that achieving development is not possible without combating corruption. Given the crucial role of human resource management systems in preventing corruption, this study aims to model the optimal system for managing employee performance to prevent corruption in the public sector.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

This research adopts an interpretive paradigm, applied for its purpose and descriptive in nature, employing interviews as the data collection method. The research method is based on interpretive-structural modeling. The statistical population comprises public sector managers, and snowball sampling is used for sampling.

The study identified ten components for designing an employee performance management model to prevent administrative corruption: transparency, accountability, procedural justice, interactional justice, justifiability, alignment, rule of law, continuous improvement, authenticity, and preventability. According to the results of the MICMAC analysis, none of the identified components are located in the autonomous region, indicating a strong interconnection among all model components. Nine components were identified in the linkage region: transparency, accountability, procedural justice, interactional justice, justifiability, alignment, rule of law, continuous improvement, and authenticity. These components are dynamic, meaning that changes in them can impact the entire system. Additionally, the preventability component is placed in the dependence region, indicating its high dependence on other components. Among other findings, the study delineated an interaction network of variables to determine the level and relationships of the identified components. According to this network, the rule of law and accountability dimensions are fundamental components of the model, as they influence all other components. These two components exhibit a two-way relationship with each other, implying mutual influence. Additionally, transparency and alignment rank next, also with a two-way relationship with the preceding components, indicating their significant influence on the model. Authenticity and justifiability are positioned in the third level of the model; authenticity affects continuous improvement and has an interactive relationship with justifiability. Continuous improvement, located in the fourth level, impacts two components in the fifth level: procedural justice and interactional justice. Procedural and interactional justice, besides influencing each other, affect the preventability component, the last level of the model. Preventability is the most dependent component, suggesting that procedural preventability in the employee performance management system relies on other model components.

Limitations & Consequences:

 Data collection through interviews introduces potential biases in the findings. Additionally, the scope of actors and the research problem prevented a comprehensive examination of the issue from all perspectives.

Practical Consequences:

 Public sector managers can use the findings of this applied research to design employee performance management systems that reduce corruption risk.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

Despite numerous efforts to combat corruption in Iran, effectiveness has been limited, as evidenced by Iran's low ranking in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) in 2022. This study addresses the significant role of human resource systems in combating administrative corruption by identifying and modeling the components of an employee performance management system tailored for the public sector.

Disclosure of corruption plays an important role in facilitating the process of fighting corruption and realizing administrative health. Considering the hidden layers of corruption, disclosure of corruption is an important mechanism for reporting illegal behavior or violations to the organization's management, authorities and the general public. Exposing corruption can also have harmful consequences for whistleblowers. For this reason, disclosure of corruption and whistleblowers in developed countries are considered and protected by the law. In Iran, various steps have been taken to support corruption whistleblowers. But these measures are scattered and inconsistent. The current research seeks to identify and categorize the methods of supporting corruption whistleblowers in order to provide a comprehensive view to the legislators and policy makers in the field of anti-corruption.

To achieve this goal, thematic analysis method has been used. The research data includes reports and interviews published by academic experts and executive authorities, as well as related researches that have been collected by documentary method. The sampling method is purposive sampling, which is continued until reaching theoretical saturation.

The findings of the research include different concepts, each concept represents a way to support whistleblowers. These strategies are organized based on conceptual affinity in five main themes of legal support, security support, financial support, administrative support and social support.

Supporting corruption whistleblowers requires a set of different legal solutions, security support, financial support, administrative support and social support, which should be used in the amendment and completion of existing laws in Iran.

The contamination of some border guard employees with corruption is very harmful for the organization and the country because these employees are responsible for protecting the sacred borders of the country. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a model of effective factors in the formation of administrative corruption, emphasizing the crime of taking bribes in Hormozgan Border Guard.

The present research is based on the purpose, applied, and in terms of method, qualitative and has an inductive approach. In order to analyze the data, thematic analysis method was used. The statistical population of the research is composed of professors, policy makers, executive agents and experts in the field of organizational crimes, as well as provincial border guards who have committed the crime of bribery. To select the sample, a judgmental non-probability sampling method with a snowball sampling approach was used. The selection of samples continued until the sufficiency and saturation of the data and ensuring that the next samples do not provide different information. Finally, the researcher reached theoretical saturation by conducting 15 interviews. In order to analyze the data, thematic analysis method was used.

In the initial stages of the research, about 160 primary codes were counted from texts, articles and interviews, of which 33 selective codes were obtained. 9 basic themes were identified with the titles of command, belief-moral, equipment and support, supervision, training, empowerment-support, economic, legal-judicial and cultural-social.

The factors identified in the final model are divided into two constructive themes, internal and external, and these themes alone or in interaction with each other employees lead the organization towards corruption.

The present study was conducted with the aim of studying the relationship between job security and accountability and its role in reducing administrative corruption (case study: Sari Municipality). This research has been a correlational survey in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population is made up of all the official, contracted and contracted employees of Sari municipality, whose number was reported to be 928. Based on the standard sampling table of Krejci and Morgan, 269 people have been selected as a sample. In order to test the hypotheses of the research, Spearman's correlation coefficient test and Friedman's rank test were used. Finally, the results of the research showed that between the variables of focusing on the job, less movement in the job, choosing the right job, job satisfaction, economic satisfaction, emotionality of the work environment, feeling relaxed at work, dependence on the organization, defending the organization, with responsibility in reducing There is a significant relationship between administrative corruption in the municipality. Also, the results of Friedman's ranking test have shown that from the point of view of the current research, defending the organization ranks first with an average of 8.80, feeling relaxed at work ranks second with an average of 7.46, and job transfer ranks third with an average of 5.94. Job satisfaction ranked fourth with an average of 5.70, has the most impact on accountability in reducing administrative corruption in Sari Municipality.

Whistle blowing is an action that informs the society about organizational violations and organizations about personal deviant behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and rank the consequences of whistleblowing in order to facilitate and promote it in the organization. This research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of the nature of the data. The research population included 4920 documents, 52 of which were meta-analyzed using a non-random purposeful sampling method. Selected studies were analyzed using CMA2 software. Reliability of coding was achieved through the agreement of the judges in the application of specific concepts for coding the variables and the reliability of the significance level and effect size was achieved through the agreement in the calculation of the effect size between two meta-analysts. The findings showed that among the consequences of whistleblowing, 10 cases (21%) have an effect size greater than 0.5, 16 cases (33%) have an effect size between 0.3 and 0.5, and 22 cases (46 percent) have an effect size of less than 0.3. Therefore, the variables of organizational justice (0.683), trust in supervisor (0.656), executive guarantee for punishing unethical behavior (0.590) , internal control center (0.581) and organizational leadership (0.557) with high effect size, revealing work history (0.460), offender status (0.450), moral intensity (0.446) and seriousness Violation (0.384) has a medium effect size, fear of retaliation (-0.060), positive affect (0.062), loyalty (-0.130), job satisfaction (0.130) also have the lowest effect size. . Therefore, policy makers and managers should focus on identified factors to promote whistleblowing in the organization.

The educational system to prevent administrative and educational corruption needs research in this field. But researchers have done few researches in the field of corruption in higher education. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to provide a comprehensive model of effective factors in preventing administrative corruption in the country's educational institutions.

of this research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of combined-exploratory method. The statistical population in the qualitative department of experts and administrators of Tehran state universities and the sample is 32 experts from the mentioned universities who were selected by the snowball method. The statistical population in the quantitative part was 13,279 employees of the same universities and the sample in the quantitative part was 373 people using Cochran's formula and was determined by the random classification method. The tool for collecting data in the qualitative part is interviews with experts and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire. To check the reliability of the measurement model, factor loading coefficients, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used. Also, average variance extracted (AVE) was used for the validity of the underlying variables. The preliminary questionnaire was modified by 32 experts and its formal and content validity and reliability were confirmed. To analyze the data in the qualitative part, metacomposition was used and in the quantitative part, fuzzy Delphi, Dimtel, MICMAC analysis and structural equations were used.

Effective factors in preventing corruption by prioritizing organizational, managerial, political, judicial, individual and cultural factors are effective in preventing administrative corruption in universities.

Educational institutions can prevent administrative and educational corruption in the form of the proposed model by identifying the components of individual, organizational, managerial, cultural, political, legal, clarification and cultural factors.

 The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of changes in the most important causes of emergence and the most effective strategies for managing corruption in three different time periods (1999, 2009 and 2021) from the perspective of managers and employees of the Khorasan Razavi public sector.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive-survey and longitudinal survey.
Research

 Based on the analysis of data collected in these three studies, economic factors have decreased from the first rank in 1999 to the third ranks in 2009 and 2021 and the factors related to laws and regulations in 1999 And 2009 were in the fifth (last) position, up to the first rank of the causes of corruption. Also, efficient laws and regulations as the most important strategies to control corruption, have been upgraded from second place in 1999 to first place in the last two studies and increase the salaries of government employees from first place in 1999 to third place in 2009 and to 13th place in 2021 has fallen.

Limitations & Consequences:  

Conservatism in answering questions, which makes the return rate of questionnaires very low and makes the implementation process more difficult.

Practical Consequences: 

 Based on the results of the research, the focus is on transparency of laws and regulations, informing about how to receive services, creating more efficient mechanisms in the decision-making process of governmental organizations, reforming processes and governance structures with the approach of tightening existing controls can be considered by policymakers in order to better manage of the disease of corruption.

Innovation or value of the Article:  

 In the field of administrative corruption in Iran, no longitudinal study has been done and this article, by using the trend research approach, provides the possibility of identifying changes in the attitude of the target society and using it in formulating more effective policies in this field.

This research was conducted with the goal of identifying the causes and roots of Cronyism in governmental organizations of Lorestan Province.

The present research was a survey-type regarding purpose, it was descriptive from the viewpoint of data collection method, and with regard to the nature of data, it was a qualitative research based on the grounded theory. The statistical population was comprised of governmental organizations’ senior managers with at least 4 years of managerial experience and with academic education at doctoral level in the fields of management, economics, and law. Applying theoretical sampling method and saturation rule, we selected fifteen managers. The required data were collected using semi-structured interviews.

Results show that 183 identified open codes were combined in the framework of 93 subcategories and 25 main categories, which were then shaped into 6 main layers including causal conditions, central category, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences.

Originality: 

Presenting a model for organizational cronyism, which includes the most important and underlying factors in the fields of nepotism and gangsterism, the present research can help policymakers and researchers find out the roots of these factors and subsequently, implement strategies and mechanisms to overcome the negative consequences.

Implications: 

Paying attention to policy issues, transparency, accountability, reconsidering performance evaluation programs, and finally, enhancing meritocracy based on objective criteria can largely prevent the occurrence of cronyism in the organization.

Administrative corruption is the misuse of public-government authority, position and power entrusted to a person for personal gain. According to the report of Transparency International Organization (2021) and researches (period 1383 to 1401), administrative corruption has been increasing in Iran. The main purpose of the research is to study the factors affecting the emergence of administrative corruption and its prevention patterns.

The research method is qualitative meta-composite inductive in the period from 1383 to 1401, which is a non-probability (intentional) sampling method of 80 research documents during the seven stages of the Sanredowski and Barroso model, 43 research samples with the inclusion criteria (having independent scientific variables, validity and Reliability of Research, an authoritative scientific journal) was selected. This method consists of seven steps, which deals with the systematic evaluation and analysis of the results of previous researches on a specific topic (administrative corruption) and gives the researcher the possibility to use a structured method of the results of studies related to the topic of research to design a comprehensive and composite model (taking into account scientific validity).

The results of the research show that organizational, cultural, social, economic, political, legal and demographic factors play an important role in the emergence of administrative corruption. Also, the most important and common patterns of corruption prevention in Iran include organizational factors (organizational agility, reform of legal methods, organizational control), cultural (education, culturalization, media transparency, ethics), economic (occupational and welfare), social (social capital and governance) factors. sublime), political (party and executive) and psychological (occupational space and identity-individual).

According to the results of the research, administrative corruption is a form of social-environmental disorganization (reduction of control rules and organizational anomie) that occurs due to the reduction of social capital (participation, trust, belonging, commitment, sensitivity, cohesion and religious-value beliefs).

Context and

Despite the fact that many programs have been designed and implemented to fight administrative corruption, little success has been achieved in this field. It seems that one of the basic solutions to deal with administrative corruption is the supervision of management over its sub-categories. The purpose of this study is to design a model the managerial supervision to prevent administrative corruption.Research

This study is a descriptive- correlation research that has been conducted through the survey method. Also this research is according to aim the development- applied research. The statistical population of the research in order to test the model consisted of all staffs in public organizations of Kerman city and 286 pepole have been selected as volume of sample using Cochran’s formula. To analyze the data have been used descriptive and inferential statistical (t test and enter multiple regression), and the organizational supervision and administrative corruption questionnaires have been to collect the data.

The findings of the study indicated that the suggested model has appropriate fit, and organizational supervision dimensions have negative impact on administrative corruption, and of among the dimensions, supervision by organization inspectors has had the most negative impact on administrative corruption and supervision by administrative delegations, supervision by hidden inspectors, direct supervision of director, supervision by electronic equipments and hierarchical supervision have been in next ranks.

Considering that managerial supervision plays an important role in preventing the occurrence of administrative corruption, managers of organizations should know well the various methods of supervision of their subordinates and apply them correctly.

Government purpose is one of the most important methods of budget spending in economic systems, and it is considered the most important legal tool for committing economic corruption. This article aims to investigate the position of transparency and accountability in the government in order to identify existing problems and provide solutions to solve them.

The research method is an analytical description using library sources, documents, laws and regulations related to them with international histories.

Laws and regulations in the field of government with different universal principles of compatibility do not pay much attention to the two issues of "conflict of meaning" and "transparency and accountability". The findings show that in recent years, the inflation of laws in the field of corruption, the law about the prohibition of interference of ministers and parliamentarians and government employees in the government and the country, the prohibition of taking commissions abroad, the prohibition of certification of a job, Law on the management of civil services, the implementation law of Article 44 of the Constitution, etc., due to the lack of necessary political will, lack of transparency and negligence in tracking and correct diagnosis, not only the damage has not decreased, but there has been a surprising change in the conflict.

The most important tool to deal with corruption is the existence and guarantee of transparency in internal laws and regulations. In response to this problem, the government approved the transparency bill in 1998. However, its effectiveness, considering the abandonment of anti-infection laws, in addition to political will, requires freedom of the media as well as modernization and conforming to global standards.

One of the most important challenges of human resource management is implementation of administrative integrity. administrative integrity is a situation in which, administrative integrity has decreased highly and one of the signs of administrative integrity is proper use of resources, specially human resources. If management and organization recognizes most roots of administrative violations, could develop administrative integrity. Hence because of role and importance of performance management system in development of administrative integrity, in this research we are going to identify components of performance management system to develop administrative integrity in public organizations. The approach of research is qualitative and the method is theme analysis and to extract criteria and components of training system to develop administrative integrity, interviews have been done with experts of the administrative and recruitment organization using purposive sampling method. The ideal components of performance management system to develop administrative integrity is extracted in format of 7 main theme, 19 subsidiary theme and 54 concepts and results showed that characteristics of performance management system to develop administrative integrity includes transparency, justice, ethics, legality, prevention and professionalism.

Most research on social capital has stressed its positive aspects and advantages, while informal relations and trust-based networks shaped based on social capital can enhance individual’s access to information, improve their trust and confidence, and increase the possibility of corruption. Taking this into account, the present paper aimed at studying the role of social capital in the tendency to administrative corruption through a descriptive-correlational research method. The statistical population was consisted of all governmental organizations’ employees, out of which 391 individuals were selected using convenience sampling technique. The questionnaire by Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) was used to investigate the social capital conditions, and the questionnaire by Gorsira et al (2016) was applied to study corruption motivators and tendency to corruption. Findings indicated that the existence of social capital among employees in the public sector intensifies the corruption motivators’ impact on the tendency to corruption, and if such individuals and groups have high levels of social capital, the possibility that corruption motivators could lead to administrative corruption is significantly increased.