advertising

In today's era, advertising is the most important aspect of product branding in mass media. The current research was done with the aim of conceptualizing and presenting the model of advertising strategies of cosmetics and health products in the online space of Iran.

 In terms of practical purpose and with a qualitative approach based on Grounded theory, the research was conducted through semi-structured and indepth interviews with 15 academic experts and marketing and sales managers of Arian Kimia Tech Company, using non-probability and purposeful sampling until reaching the theoretical saturation rule.

The results of coding led to the identification of 380 open codes, 75 subcategories and 26 main categories. Consequences such as increasing sales and income, strengthening customer loyalty, improving brand image, improving innovation and product development, and reducing advertising costs were calculated. It is suggested to pay attention to the paradigm model and its components, especially the causal factors, background and strategies, in order to develop advertising strategies for cosmetics and health products in Iran's online space.

Originality/Value: 

 Few studies have been conducted on the advertising strategies of cosmetics and health products in Iran's online space, especially with a qualitative approach, and there is no practical and systematic model or framework in this field, so this study tries to solve this theoretical and research gap to some extent and provide advertising strategies for the health and cosmetic industries in Iran's online space for the marketing and sales managers of the mentioned industries.

Artificial intelligence has become one of the key tools for enhancing advertising strategies. By leveraging capabilities such as data analysis, machine learning, and natural language processing, AI enables transformative advancements in advertising and marketing processes. Exploring the role of AI in fostering advertising innovation, increasing audience engagement, and optimizing advertising strategies is of significant importance.The primary aim of this study is to map the knowledge structure of research on the application of AI in advertising using co-word analysis. To achieve this, 3,577 scientific articles published between 1994 and 2024 were retrieved from the Scopus database. The titles and abstracts of these articles were analyzed using VOSviewer software to generate a comprehensive map of the most frequent terms and key topics. The results revealed that the keyword “advertising” had the highest frequency, serving as a focal point for numerous studies in this field.The co-word analysis identified five main clusters: (1) prediction and optimization of advertising performance, (2) AI-driven content generation, (3) precise targeting and audience identification, (4) personalization of advertisements for enhanced engagement, and (5) the development of recommender systems to improve advertising efficiency. These clusters reflect the key trends in AI applications in advertising and marketing.This analysis provides a comprehensive and structured map of the existing knowledge on AI applications in advertising and serves as a reference for future research in this area. It also offers guidance for developing policies and strategies in the advertising industry.

The aim of the present study was to present a model to explain the role of social trust components on advertising in online social networks (with the moderating role of innovative culture). For this purpose, first, articles, sources, and references related to the subject were reviewed and the desired components were extracted. The statistical population in this study included 7 academic experts and information and communication technology managers who were selected using the snowball method. The degree of influence and impact of some of the most important extracted variables was determined using the Dematel method, and with the results obtained from the Dematel method and the opinions of the research experts, the research model schema was designed. The formulas necessary for implementing the model were reviewed with the opinions of the experts. The validity of the research model was confirmed after conducting various tests in the Vensim software. After confirming the validity of the model, scenarios were developed and implemented. The results of the implementation of the designed scenarios showed that increasing social trust components such as organizational credibility and security have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of advertising in online social networks.

The purpose of this research is to provide a development model for the effectiveness of persuasive advertising in social networks. The research method is applicable in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the research includes 15 experts, university professors, and managers and specialists in the field of marketing; selected through the maximum diversity sampling method. A semi-structured interview was used to collect information. Data-based and coding method was used for data analysis. In open coding, the researcher found 146 concepts, which were classified into 31 categories. Persuasive advertising in social networks can have significant effects on the behavior and attitude of consumers. These effects include changes in consumer behavior, intensification of competition, formation of values ​​and beliefs, influence on decision making, change in social behavior, influence on brand trust, change in brand attitude, and influence on social networks. However, these effects depend on various factors such as technological changes, social and cultural changes, economic changes, legal and political changes, changes in competition, and changes in the content and format of advertisements. As a result, to increase the effectiveness of persuasive advertising in social networks, it is recommended to pay special attention to these factors.

Vast advertising of salt snacks through various media including packaging is a concerning factor in increasing obesity and related illnesses in children. This research aims to study a) the health situation of salty snacks in Iran; b) the type and level of marketing strategies for packaging these products; and c) the conformity of these strategies to related regulations in Iran. To this end, 81 salty snacks were selected as the research sample from the portal of Ofogh Kourosh stores. A content analysis was conducted to analyze selected products’ packages. Regulations and policies restricting unhealthy food advertising and marketing in Iran were identified through a scope review approach. According to the nutrient profile model for the marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverages to children in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, marketing of all 81 selected salty snacks was not permitted. Most of the studied samples were high risk in regard to fat content and all snacks had medium risk based on salt content. The most used promotional strategies were, respectively, emotion and entertainment, child-oriented characters, and nutrition and health. The violation of Iran’s related regulations in marketing activities on the packaging of all studied products was observed. The results of this study- through providing a more comprehensive understanding of how food product manufacturers try to attract children and parents- help relevant authorities monitor these issues more carefully.

Digitalization has profoundly impacted all aspects of individuals’ daily lives. This significant shift has altered consumer preferences, leading to decreased attention to advertisements and commercial messages. Consequently, most commercial efforts by businesses are consciously or unconsciously overlooked by audiences, resulting in reduced effectiveness of traditional advertisements, which are often conducted at substantial cost. The advancement of various technologies through digitalization has given rise to several promising innovations. Among these, Augmented Reality (AR) stands out as a desirable technology that businesses and marketers can leverage as a marketing or advertising strategy. AR enhances and expands users’ perceptions of their physical surroundings by integrating computer-generated digital layers into the physical environment. With AR, users can interact with digital elements in real-time, making the advertisements more engaging and memorable. This study aims to investigate whether AR-based advertising efforts are more effective compared to traditional advertisements. Additionally, it examines whether the use of AR technology in presenting commercial and advertising efforts enhances audience attitudes towards these advertisements and increases their purchase intention after viewing AR advertisements. The objective extends to analyzing whether the immersive and interactive nature of AR ads can bridge the gap between virtual and physical experiences, thus making advertisements not only more appealing but also more impactful on consumer behavior.

In this research, a AR advertising platform was designed and developed for a consumer product. An experimental approach was employed, utilizing two groups (experimental and control). Data were collected at three stages: pre-test, post-test, and recall test. The study involved 22 participants, and data were gathered using a questionnaire. The AR advertising platform allowed participants to interact with the product in a simulated environment, providing a richer and more comprehensive understanding of the product features.

The results indicated that AR-based advertisements not only improve and enhance customers’ attitudes toward the advertising efforts but also significantly boost their purchase intentions. The findings also highlighted that participants exposed to AR advertisements exhibited a higher level of engagement compared to those who viewed traditional ads. Moreover, AR ads were found to further drive the effectiveness of the advertising campaigns. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of AR-based advertisements surpasses that of traditional advertising approaches.

Given the novelty of this advertising approach, it is recommended that marketers invest in AR technology. This investment will not only provide a competitive advantage and offer greater value to consumers but also create differentiation for the company and its products, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of advertising efforts. In the long run, AR technology is likely to revolutionize the advertising industry, making it essential for businesses to adapt and integrate this innovative approach into their marketing strategies. Ultimately, this will lead to increased product sales and improved business profitability.

One of the most famous marketing concepts that has been researched during the last decade is brand equity. Customers value their popular brands and marketers seek to strengthen this concept in different stages of brand positioning. On the other hand, as a result of the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for air travel increases day by day.   Also, the competition between airlines has increased significantly compared to the past. Therefore, identifying the factors related to the  traveller’s loyalty ,their expectations of the factors and classifying their demands can be of great help in keeping and creating loyalty among them. In this research, relations of two important marketing factors on the dimensions of brand equity in Iran Airtour Airline company has been tested. We used correlation method in order to confirm factor analysis.   After confirming the fit indices of the model, we tested the relations of two factors of Iran Airtour advertising and air travelers' experiences . The results showed that these two factors had relations with the dimensions of brand equity, and this relation was positive and in the same direction. The greatest relations of advertising is with awareness, brand  association, loyalty and quality as well. The customer's experience of the Iran Airtour brand has the greatest relations with awareness, loyalty, brand association and perceived quality of the Iran Airtour brand, respectively.

This study has been conducted with the aim of providing a local model of increasing market share in Iranian dairy industries with a qualitative approach. The present research is considered to be a qualitative research method in terms of its purpose, applied research type, and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population includes 12 experts, including professors of Islamic Azad University in marketing fields, including marketing managers in dairy companies who are familiar with market share issues. The sample size was determined based on reaching theoretical saturation in the interviews. The main tool of data collection in the field section includes semi-structured interviews. Data base theory approach using MAXQDA software was used to analyze qualitative data and provide a paradigm model. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis of six categories of factors including causal conditions (internal marketing, product life cycle management, market attractiveness, marketing mix, competitive strategy and planning and targeting), background factors (characteristics of customers, competitive environment and market turbulence), central phenomenon (market share development strategy), strategies and measures (market share management, sales promotion, advertising, competition, special brand value and market segmentation), intervening factors (risk management and sustainable competitive advantage) and The consequences (establishment of brand position, profitability, bargaining power and increase in market share) were identified. As a result, the paradigmatic model of the native pattern of increasing the market share in Iran's dairy industries has been fully drawn with a qualitative approach according to six conditions (contextual, causal, intervening, central phenomenon, strategies and actions, and consequences).

The emergence of the Internet in the modern business environment has become so pervasive that no large or small company can ignore its influence. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the attitude towards social media advertisements on the intention to buy products.

A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. A random sampling method was used to select the sample, and finally 342 questionnaires were collected online. In order to analyze the data and check the hypotheses, SmartPLS software was used.

The results showed that the informativeness of advertisements, social role and image, and creativity in advertisements have a positive and significant effect on the attitude towards social media advertisements. Finally, a positive and significant effect was found between attitude towards social media advertising and purchase intention. Improving the attitude of Instagram users and increasing their trust in the opinions that are raised on Instagram, makes users explain and promote the products and services they have received to their friends.

Originality/Value:

 Due to the advancement of technology and the expansion of virtual space, these advertisements for consumer consumption have increased greatly. that move consumers to purchase, and the role of psychological factors such as trust and recognition in this process. This research can contribute to more optimal formulations for advertising in social media and improve the performance of the sports products market.

Advertising is a powerful marketing tool with the potential to influence people's thoughts and behaviors. This is why it is utilized for various purposes by both large and small businesses. Furthermore, advertising serves as an effective means of conveying information about products, services, or ideas to target audiences. Among the various advertising mediums, television is one of the most prominent. The purpose of this research is to develop a model that enhances the effectiveness of television advertisements in engaging viewers and fostering their satisfaction and loyalty. To achieve this objective, it is essential to prioritize the quality of advertisements and to exert additional effort in this area. Consequently, the need to improve advertising quality has garnered increased attention from advertising managers. Given the complexity of the issue at hand, approaching its components in isolation will hinder our understanding of the overall problem. This applied research aims to assist advertising managers in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the performance of their system components by examining the relationships among the key variables of television advertisements. Ultimately, this will enable them to strategize improvements in advertisement quality, thereby increasing their effectiveness on television viewers.

The current research adopts an applied perspective, utilizing a system dynamics approach for simulation. This technique, rooted in systems thinking, offers a dynamic view and incorporates feedback mechanisms within systems. One of the primary advantages of the system dynamics approach is its ability to consider all elements of a system simultaneously. In this study, our spatial domain is television. We extracted variables influencing the effectiveness of advertisements on viewers from existing research literature, incorporating insights from experts in the field of media. Subsequently, we utilized historical data to identify the relationships between these variables and their initial values. A cause-and-effect diagram was then constructed to illustrate these relationships. Ultimately, we developed a comprehensive model to assess the effectiveness of television advertising. This model was tested under both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios to determine the potential percentage increase in customer acquisition under standard conditions. Consequently, we analyzed and investigated the impact of implementing policies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of advertising in the future.

The results of the model simulation indicate that the presence of a competitive environment enhances the level of advertising. Consequently, this increase leads to improvements in advertising quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty, ultimately attracting a larger audience.

For this purpose, a system dynamics approach was employed to model complex structures, such as the relationships among the organization's key parameters. This modeling offers a comprehensive understanding of system dynamics and its behavior, enabling the optimization of performance.As previously mentioned, the primary purpose of advertisements is to enhance profitability. However, the limited availability of resources poses challenges for organizations, leading to increased risks and a decline in quality and consumer satisfaction. To address these limitations, organizations strive to implement effective policies aimed at expanding their target audience.The key aspect to consider is the enhancement in the quality of advertisements, which boosts customer satisfaction and naturally attracts more clients. To this end, a model demonstrating the system's behavior was developed under normal conditions. Subsequently, the system's performance was evaluated based on essential criteria. This model underwent both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios to assess the potential increase in customer acquisition. Additionally, these scenarios evaluated the impact of various components on enhancing customer acquisition. It was observed that fluctuations in the customer acquisition rate and customer attrition rate significantly affected the model's performance. The growth rate of the customer base indicated that the project is progressing in the right direction.This led to enhanced monitoring of the project and greater consumer satisfaction, which would result in increased profitability and, ultimately, higher total revenues. Consequently, if the proposed scenario is implemented, the project's profitability will rise due to improved quality and satisfaction. By applying the results of the proposed strategies at the end of the study period, we can expect to see an increase in cash flow.

The purpose of this research is the effect of the role of social responsibility advertising on consumers' believability and purchase intention. The statistical population of this research consisted of 35 employees of Digikala Shiraz branch, which were selected as a sample due to the limited statistical population. The measurement tool in this research was the standard questionnaire of consumers' purchase intention (Ismailpour and Goldozian, 2018) and social responsibility (Arab Salehi et al., 2019). The research method is descriptive and correlational and non-random sampling method is available. The validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed through its content and reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis using Likert scale (five parts) and Lisrel and S. software. P. S. S. is. The results obtained from the data analysis showed that the organization's social responsibility advertising has a significant impact on the credibility and purchase intention of consumers.

The digital world provides many opportunities for marketers to reach customers. However, in the fast-paced world, finding new and innovative ways to advertise and sell products and services is very important. Due to the advancement of artificial intelligence and its development in the field of advertising and sales, professionals now have the tools to completely redefine the current understanding of branding, marketing, advertising and sales. The growing popularity of the Internet and the increased use of mobile devices are generating massive amounts of consumer data that feed artificial intelligence-based systems. This research is a type of mixed research with a qualitative and quantitative approach, which is a survey descriptive study in terms of its purpose, application, and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research was managers and experts in the field of digital marketing and IT in the field of advertising and sales, who were selected using the snowball sampling method. In the qualitative part, the tools for collecting information were library and articles review, interviews, and in the quantitative part, questionnaires. In the qualitative part of the data analysis method, using the theme analysis that was compiled with MAXQDA software and using the coding method, and in the quantitative part, the analysis method was based on Kendall's correlation test. According to the results of the research, 7 main themes, 22 sub-themes and 44 codes were discovered, which included the consequences of using artificial intelligence and machine learning in advertising and sales

The objective of this research, conducted at the edge of advertising knowledge, is to present a comprehensive model for predicting future trends in the field of visual metaphors in advertising through the evaluation of scientific performance and knowledge structures. To achieve this purpose, in this quantitative review, we have endeavored to extract prevailing patterns in the realm of visual metaphors in advertising and provide some implications to advertising strategists, marketers, and researchers interested in this field. For this aim, after selecting an appropriate literature search strategy and applying screening criteria, we extracted 743 articles from the Scopus database. These articles were subsequently analyzed using "RStudio" and "VOSviewer" software. The findings of this research, in the first section, have provided a comprehensive evaluation of the science performance by extracting the annual publication trends and identifying the most cited articles, journals, and authors. Additionally, it has determined the core journals in this field using Bradford's Law and assessed author productivity through Lotka's Law. In the second section, through the analysis of co-occurrence, co-citation, and collaboration networks, this research has contributed to a comprehensive assessment of the conceptual, intellectual, and social structures of knowledge within research domain. In the third section, the proposed research model is presented, illustrating the evolutionary process and future research directions in the field of visual metaphors in advertising.

The purpose of this research is to present the desired institutionalized branding model of Saderat Bank using the grounded theory approach. The target population of the research is public relations and marketing experts, who were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling in the number of 14 people. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, and the data analysis was done in three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings show that in order to improve the brand of Saderat Bank, platforms must be provided to increase its production. These platforms include 3 causal conditions (economic turmoil, strategic advertising planning, bank mission), 4 background conditions (interactive behavior of the bank, competitive advertising based on knowledge, justification of banking plans, professional ethics), 4 intervening conditions (disappointment of customer trust, pathology of advertising) 9 strategies (targeted advertising strategies, customer relationship management, quality of interactions and customer relationship, key factors in CRM implementation, strategic advertising leadership, audience-based advertising evaluation, social management of advertising, creation of opportunities new, advertisement renewal strategy) and 4 consequences (brand development, continuous improvement of performance, convergence of interests, alignment of interests). Based on this, institutionalized branding in the minds of customers shows itself through advertisements in different formats and by developing a suitable model.

Today Advertising and information in business have become an integral part of economic units; consequently, the survival of any business greatly depends on the success or failure of information, marketing, marketing and advertising activities of the same products. Apparently, those Advertisements enjoying well-known endorsers are very popular among the people. This study aims to explain the star power of celebrities on the brand attitude, the brand trust and it’s purchase intention. The given study, is an applied research in terms of the purpose and a quasi-experimental study in terms of data collection.The statistical population of the given study is students of Mazandaran University. The sample size is estimated to be 465 people. Due to the corona virus outbreak, the available sampling method is used. At first, ten celebrities and 10 well-known brands are prioritized in order to often the statistical sample is devided into two groups including “surveys and control”. Finally the questionnaire about the effect of star power on the “purchasing behavior” was attributed among the sample. The findings show that the use of celebrities leads to a positive attitude towards the brand, more trust and intention to buy in consumers. Compared to lower star power, the higher counterpart leaves a greater impact on the brand attitude, the brand trust and buying intention as well.

The present study was aimed at determining factors and representing a model for personalized advertising by the mixed method. In the qualitative phase, using the Meta-Synthesis method based on the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso, related sources between the years 1399-1399 AH and 2021-2000 AD were studied, and 42 references were selected. The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin model during three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The Conclusion The output of the qualitative phase was the discovery of 137 concepts, 29 sub-categories, and 9 main categories presented in the conceptual model. The research method was descriptive-correlative based on structured equation modeling and the statistical population consisted of all of the customers of Digikala in the Year 1398 which used the Cochran formula for an unlimited community, 348 members were selected for criterion- targeted Sampling method. The data collection tool in the quantitative phase was a researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative phase with 137 items. After confirming its validity (face, content, and construct) and reliability (Using Cronbach's alpha method), the structural equation method was analyzed. Findings showed that Perceived usefulness and perceived costs had the most significant impact on market management strategy, respectively. At the same time, a market management strategy has the most significant impact on attitude outcomes.

The purpose of this research is to present a qualitative model of the use of social media influencers in the behavior of consumers in the luxury cosmetics industry. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, based on the foundation's data method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 managers of advertising companies with at least 5 years of work experience, managers of online stores in social media and university professors in the field of marketing management who had research. The sample size was conducted with the logic of theoretical sampling and judgmental method and through semi-structured interviews of experts in the field of advertising, and the interviews continued until reaching theoretical saturation. A semi-structured interview was used to collect information. MAXQDA software was used to code the data. The results showed that social media marketing had a total of 11 factors and 93 components extracted and identified. Identified factors include: causal conditions (changes in the way of marketing, technological changes, people's biological changes), central phenomenon (the process of using social media influencers), background and background factors (characteristics of social media influencers, brands), intervening factor (government factors, social insight from social media), strategic factor (using different marketing strategies, measuring influencers' advertising success), consequence (advertising effectiveness).

Advertising, as one of the most important marketing tools in the world, has always played an important role in the world of trade and economic exchanges. Advertising, which is one of the methods of attracting customers and increasing sales, has been used in the business industry for a long time, but like social phenomena, it has undergone changes in the form and type of use. Digital marketing, which is one of the new forms of marketing, seeks to attract and retain customers by using digital tools. The increasing growth of the digital space has made digital marketing as a popular and effective method of attracting audiences and increasing sales. The high prevalence of social networks forced governments to enter and systematize this emerging phenomenon. One of the types of government intervention in the regulation of social networks is imposing taxes on people who earn through advertising on this platform. In Iran, for the first time in the general budget act - 2021, this issue has been brought to the attention of the legislator. This paper aims to examine the basics of this type of tax, as well as the relevant laws and regulations of Iran.This article has used the library method to compile and review the basics of advertising tax in social networks. The authors analyzed and criticized the laws and regulations related to this type of tax in Iran and identified the existing challenges. The results of the research indicate that flaws in the relevant regulations will cause the government to fail in achieving the intended goals.