corporate governance

Corporate governance is defined as a key element when companies' performance is growing, leading to increased investor confidence. On the other hand, corporate sustainability refers to an organization's ability to persistently continue its operations and their impacts on environmental, social, and human capital. Such companies enhance their performance and activities over time by managing economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate sustainability performance. For this purpose, financial data from 63 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2021 were used. In this research, multivariate regression was employed, and corporate sustainability performance data were collected using content analysis based on board reports. Within the framework of separate hypotheses, the effect of each corporate governance indicator on corporate sustainability performance was measured. The results indicate a relationship between institutional ownership and corporate sustainability performance. Additionally, the findings show a relationship between audit quality and corporate sustainability performance. Finally, the results demonstrate a relationship between the expertise of the audit committee and corporate performance.

Companies board at the top of every company and play key parts in every system of corporate governance. As a result, this issue makes the board of directors the current focal point of various efforts to improve corporate governance Therefore, corporate governance experts have been looking for a long time to improve the composition of the board of directors and evaluate them with new models; In this way, the boards of directors can act more effectively. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to present the local model for selecting the board members in Subsidiaries of Bonyad Ta'avon Vedja Organization.

In this research, the mixed approach of theme analysis, factor analysis and fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify themes. In the sample group in thematic analysis, 8 semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty members, board members and major stakeholders. In the fuzzy Delphi sample group, 15 people were selected as experts to answer the questions of the questionnaire. In the quantitative approach of factor analysis, a sample group of 200 people has been used.

The results of the board selection checklist showed 84 primary codes that were classified into 6 organizing themes. The main organizing themes of the board members selection checklist are: intelligence, skill, psychological, experience, literacy and structural and demographic.

Originality/Value:

 Therefore, the results show that the selection of board members based on the themes identified according to the identified checklist will have a better performance ahead.

One of the most important issues in recent years is the concept of corporate governance. This concept deals with the way of managing and controlling an organization and its main goal is to ensure transparency, accountability and fairness in corporate decisions. On the other hand, knowledge management helps organizations to take advantage of existing experiences and information and improve decision-making and innovation. With the emergence of artificial intelligence as one of the leading technologies, organizations are driven to increase productivity. The application of artificial intelligence and knowledge management in corporate governance can lead to optimization of decision-making and increasing the efficiency of organizations. Organizations of the country always need a knowledge system that can work in a coordinated, regular, purposeful, continuous and dynamic manner. One of these organizations is Mapna. In this company, until now, organizational knowledge management models that are based on corporate governance have not been investigated, and knowledge management has only been dealt with separately and superficially. Therefore, this research area needs more extensive studies. In this regard, this study presents the model of artificial intelligence and knowledge management in corporate governance.

 The approach of the current research is qualitative and it was done using thematic analysis method. Data collection methods in this research include library studies and field studies. In the first stage, with comprehensive library reviews and evaluation of past studies, including English and Persian books and articles, theses, effective factors and components of artificial intelligence and knowledge management in Mapna company were identified and extracted. In the second stage, in the field method, the factors and components of artificial intelligence and knowledge management were identified from the tools of interviews with professors and experts of the studied society and the method of content analysis. In the next step, a conceptual model of the theme analysis method was presented. The duration of conducting field studies and design, distribution, collection and analysis of qualitative data was done in the period of March 1401 to March 1402.

Based on the theme analysis method, the effective dimensions and components in knowledge management in Mapna include individual dimension, organizational dimension and environmental dimension. The effective dimensions and components in artificial intelligence in Mapna include contextual dimension, organization strategies, organizational dimension, marketing dimension, structural dimension and environmental dimension. The results show that knowledge management, including individual, organizational and environmental dimensions, has a significant effect on corporate governance in Mapna Company. Also, artificial intelligence with contextual dimensions, organization strategies, organizational, marketing, structural and environmental dimensions also affects corporate governance in this company. Corporate governance can bring significant benefits to a business or group structure. This type of governance is able to create a stronger organizational culture and place compliance and reputation at the center of the organization's activities. Also, it provides transparency at all levels of the organization and ensures that all actors understand their personal role in the operation and when and why they are expected. With this approach, growth opportunities are clearly visible, as corporate governance ensures that all business unit information is up-to-date and accurate, allowing the board to make clear and accurate strategic decisions based on valid data.Research limitations: The most important obstacles and limitations of this research include the following: Lack of cooperation from some managers and experts of MAPNA Company due to the volume of executive activities, Due to the researcher's efforts to explain the objectives and benefits of the research to managers and experts, as well as to increase accuracy in answering the questionnaire questions, conducting the research took some time in some stages. The diversity of the field of corporate governance activities in MAPNA Company led to the expansion of categories in the field of artificial intelligence and knowledge management, which inevitably led to some of them being omitted according to the elites' opinion. The findings of this research and the presentation of the corporate governance model are within the time frame of data collection, and the passage of time may change the prioritization of the dimensions and indicators of the model.

Currently, the rapid development of digital technology has attracted a lot of attention from researchers, media and policy makers, The purpose of this research is to know and understand the experiences of experts in the field of presenting the corporate governance model in the age of information technology.

In this research, 88 questionnaires were answered by experts such as members of the audit committee, internal audit manager, board members and financial managers who had professional activities in corporate governance.

The obtained results show that the factors of increasing expertise and updating, administrative controls and responsibility centers, independent and internal audit, internal controls, performance management control, service compensation system, incentive system, reward system, performance evaluation system, virtual network organizations and Without borders, media control, legal system control, stakeholder control, market control, and increasing effectiveness and efficiency are the dimensions that constitute the ideal corporate governance model in the age of information technology.

To improve and provide better information, it should be aligned with technology, and certainly the development of technology, as well as knowing and using it correctly, can be effective in the effectiveness of corporate governance.

Social responsibility is one of the important concepts that includes economic, social, and environmental fields. The purpose of this research was to examine the components and indicators of the social responsibility model of the National Company of the Southern Oil-rich Regions. The first statistical population includes specialists and experts of oil-rich regions companies and academics in the field of social responsibility, 15 of whom were selected. The second statistical population includes the beneficiaries and users of the social responsibility field. The number of them was calculated as 394 individuals. The third community involves managers and trustees of social responsibility programs; 79 people were selected as a sample. The results of the analysis of the content of the resolutions of the major oil companies of the world, the dimensions of the desired model were examined. Finally, with the help of structural-interpretive modeling and Mic Mac software, the desired model was drawn, and the five levels of this model were introduced. After content analysis and two rounds of Delphi implementation, twelve components and 58 indicators were extracted. These can be considered components and indicators of the social responsibility model of the National Company of Southern Oil Regions for the ecosystem of each region. These dimensions and components were screened in the second round of Delphi. Finally, in prioritizing the components, the organizational social responsibility index, with a relative weight of 0.330, is the most important. Therefore, among the 12 indicators, it has the most impact.

Among the countries benefiting from natural resources, it can be clearly seen that the level of efficiency of companies, industries and social welfare in each one has noticeable differences compared to others; one of the main causes of this difference is the governance system in these countries. Governance has different dimensions; but energy governance can be considered one of the most sensitive and of course the most effective factors on the economic status of countries.In the current research, an attempt has been made that comprehensive information on the details of the energy governance of Saudi Arabia, including the history, pillars of governance, the management of the Saudi Arabian National Oil Company (Aramco), the active aspects of corporate governance in Aramco, Development of the value chain of downstream products, the financial relationship of the government with the main companies and other key management and financial data be obtained and discussed using the environmental survey method in addition to inductive analysis.After that, in this research, the key points of each sector have been calculated and compared with the current frameworks of Iran's oil and gas industry sectors, and finally, with the lessons learned such as the necessity to create transparency in the financial relationship, create transparency in management and corporate governance, moving towards the development of the value chain and vertical integration and the granting of subsidies from the government's share instead of the company's resources comes to an end, which can be used to improve the productivity and improve the governance of the National Iranian Oil Company.

Banks are looking for this to be able to monitor the effectiveness of granted facilities within the framework of corporate governance. Because one of the most important current damages in the banking system is the failure to use the granted facilities correctly, which leads to the deviation of the facilities, and any weakness and shortcoming in this regard causes the blocking of large resources from the banks and the reduction of the speed of money. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to design a corporate governance model for effective monitoring of bank loans, which is the case study of the National Bank of Iran. The current research is qualitative. The community of experts studied are some senior managers of the National Bank of Iran in Tehran. These experts were selected by purposeful sampling and in the form of a snowball, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve of them until reaching theoretical saturation. Validity of the model has been checked by expert review and reliability by retest method, and fifty sub-themes, twenty-one organized themes and ten overarching themes have been identified using the theme analysis method.

The research is of qualitative and exploratory type and it is an extension research because by presenting a model, it seeks to expand the concept of corporate governance to effectively monitor the facilities granted by National Bank. The data collection method is field and library. The tool for collecting data in the field is a semi-structured interview. The statistical community of experts includes some managers of central offices of National Bank in Tehran. The number of these managers is thirty. Ten of these experts were interviewed by the snowball method in a targeted manner, but the interview was continued with two other experts to achieve theoretical adequacy. The data obtained from the interviews have been studied and analyzed with thematic analysis method. In thematic analysis, after conducting each interview quickly and without delay, coding is done until all interviews and first round codings are done. Then the second and third rounds of coding are done to obtain the research model. Internal validity is measured by the review method by experts, and reliability is checked by the retest method.Results  and

The corporate governance models presented in our country have a structural weakness.  Because the design of the corporate governance system model for banks is derived from the existing reality of the nature of banks, and the real nature of Iranian banks is their government status. This is despite the fact that the implementation of corporate governance in a bank with government ownership or control is not efficient enough. The exploratory nature of the present research, by clarifying the dark and ambiguous corners of the implementation of corporate governance in banks, has succeeded in discovering its unknown facts and methods in order to effectively monitor the facilities granted in the National Bank of Iran. 

The developed model for corporate governance to effectively monitor the granted facilities is shown in chart No. 1 listed on page 12, and the proposed model can be used and exploited for the National Bank of Iran and other similar banks. According to the opinion of experts and the researcher's interpretative view, the following suggestions are presented:1- in addition to exercising sufficient care in the selection of employees, special attention should also be paid to the issue of succession, training and strengthening of specialized human resources.2- while institutionalizing the thinking of responsibility, the necessary grounds for strengthening and continuity of this aspect of corporate governance should always be considered by bank managers..3- In order to provide various products, especially in the field of granting facilities and effectively monitoring its various stages, banks should use electronic tools to know how and how to use payment facilities.4- The laws related to the corporate governance system should be formulated in the amendment bill of the trade law.5- Correct implementation of corporate governance can contribute to a great extent in timely and appropriate response to all stakeholders.6- The employees of each of the three control departments of the facility should be different and one employee should not be used to control and monitor all three control departments.7- When granting the facility or even before any payment of the facility, the relevant officer in the bank should clearly announce the exact terms of payment of the facility installments to the applicants to receive the facility.8- They should distance themselves from bureaucracy and take steps towards becoming agile.9- Intelligent systems for collecting, archiving and disseminating information should be implemented in the facilities department.10- The implementation of corporate governance should be carefully followed up with consideration of the rights of all stakeholders. Examining the findings of the current research with the results of previous research shows the comprehensiveness of the current research and its similarity with the results of the findings of other researchers. For example, Rezaei, Sharifi, and Etimadi Ahri (1400), Falah, Haqshanas, and Rezaian (1399), Kurd, Bagheri, and Mohibi (1399), Isaei and Hasannia (1399), Babajani (1399), Rezaei and Nazimi (1398), Farzin Vash (2016), Seyd Noorani (2016), Ramadan Nia and Rezaei (2016), Talebi (2015), Mohajaran (2015), Yahyapour (2014), Sepe Vand (2014), Kashif Bahrami (2014), Manzoor and Yadi Pour (2017) also, from foreign researches similar to the research, we can refer to the researches of Sakawa, Hideaki et al. Haveril Chek (2018), Agarwal (2016), Masri, Abdul Fattah and Al Bahar (2016), Young et al. (2006), Alford (2006), Brindle (2005), Young (2001), Talwar (1999).

Sustainable development is often raised as a social issue that companies should pay attention to; because it presents both opportunities and challenges. In this regard, national oil companies should adapt their strategies to help their economy be more flexible in the global energy transition. Several leading Middle East and North African (MENA) national oil companies control large, undeveloped reserves with low production costs. This article by using case study methodology tries to identify the strategies of national oil companies in the MENA region in the age of energy transition. The argument of the article is that with the increase of uncertainties and the prospect of lower prices in the long term, the national oil companies of the Middle East and North Africa are considering different strategies to adapt their business models to these changes. The transition from extractive companies to the development of energy value, the transition from volume-oriented to value-oriented, more attention to natural gas and diversification in the downstream industry are the most important strategies of these companies in the age of energy transition. Meanwhile, countries in the region are also trying to pay more attention to corporate governance and transparent public communication to increase efficiency.

This study investigates the impacts of corporate governance on the interaction between the agency costs and information efficiency of stock prices. In this research, the agency issues measured by the interaction between corporate growth opportunities and its free cash flows. Four corporate governance mechanisms examined in this research are financial expertise and independence of the board of directors, internal audit and institutional shareholders. The sample consists of 130 companies from 1394 to 1400. The results show that agency cost has a significantly negative effect on the information efficiency of stock prices. Moreover, the findings confirm that among the four corporate governance mechanisms, only institutional shareholders significantly moderates the negative effects of agency cost on the information efficiency of stock prices. However, we could not find any evidence on the moderating role of internal auditor, board financial expertise and independence. The results of this research showed that the growth opportunities and free cash flows of companies are among the most important variables affecting the information efficiency of stock prices in the Iranian Stock Exchange.

loans deviation is one of the major problems of the banking system in the country. Basically, until now, banks have not applied effective supervision that is completely desirable on their granted loans, and this indicates that corporate governance in banks is far from optimal conditions. The purpose of this article is to present a new corporate governance model for banks to effectively monitor loans. In this model, ten dimensions, twenty one components and fifty internal performance indicators have been introduced. Human capital, accountability, justice seeking, information transparency, organizational dynamic capabilities, effective policies and procedures, risk management, accountability, rules and regulations, and the use of electronic tools. The aim of this article is to fill the literature gap by proposing new dimensions in the field of international corporate governance in banking, which examines other effective internal and external factors that have not been investigated by previous researchers and provides a complete model. The proposed model can be used by shareholders, depositors and financial institutions at the national and international level to monitor the process of corporate governance practices to effectively monitor the loans sector in the banking sector.

Economic family businesses make up 70% of all businesses and play a significant role in growth and work of most of countries. The family businesses are the backbone of many economies. Many of these companies have a well-defined governance structures, but still most families operate without a transparent corporate governance system. The increasing volume of studies related to the concept of corporate governance and the concepts derived from it, as well as some of the inconsistencies drawn around the consequences of this concept, was a motivating factor, to inspire   the researchers of this study. We Conducted a review of the introduction, decision and conclusion; in order to integrate the components obtained from the findings of other authors in the field of corporate governance in family companies. Analyzing and fabricating the concept of corporate governance, especially in family companies; 2) knowing the factors and constituents of corporate governance in family companies and 3) introducing the antecedents and messages of corporate governance in private companies were among the main goals of this research. This study was done based on the pattern of four stages of systematic review and search articles. Then, by searching in reliable databases, this research was started and implemented. In the first stage, the top 440 articles in the scientific databases approved in CABS, a list that dealt with the theoretical field of corporate governance in the context of family businesses, were selected in five years period (2019-2023). In the first stage, the best and most qualified articles for in-depth review and finding the appropriate answer to the research question were downloaded, selected, screened and evaluated. Our Research was done in two phases, descriptive analysis and Research analysis.. By conducting this systematic review, 43 eligible articles were selected for final evaluation. The results showed that the main structure of corporate governance in family companies made up of a set of 75 codes, that included 17 antecedent codes, 29 dimension codes and 29 the consequences codes.

 Corporate governance is one of the key success factors (KSFs) of international joint ventures (IJVs) as one of the most common types of the strategies which is being using by the companies that intend to operate internationally. In spite of the importance of this key success factors, the lack of a research which determined How corporate governance will improve the performance and productivity of international joint ventures, and recognized how it will lead to innovative performance on them. The reason of such this research gap is because of this perspective which the findings of the general researches in the field of corporate governance, can be extended to the international joint ventures structure as new firm as well. But, because of complex nature of these entities, the extension of the findings of other types of organizational structures to international joint ventures type is not accurate extension. Therefore, this article intends to recognize the factors which have effect on improve the performance and productivity of international joint ventures and determined how these factors will lead to innovative performance on them. 

The systematic literature review is research method. Thus, the related literature was systematically reviewed over a period of one year (from September 2018 to September 2019) from the on-line databases such as Sage, Elsevier, Springer, Willy and etc. In the first step, while determining and specifying the subject of study, the research questions were developed in accordance with the research design. In the next step, the research protocol was designed and an appropriate mental model was designed accordingly based on PICOC model which consist of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Context. Subsequently, inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Accordingly, the comprehensive and systematic search began within the literature and 400 studies were considered. After classification, screening, and measurement of their quality (methodological assessment based on Caldwell's proposed method), 60 studies were finally examined in depth (through a detailed review of their abstracts, introduction, methodology, and results) and the required data were collected. Then, in the last step, the obtained data were classified, codified (using open coding method through Excel software) synthesized and finally summarized. 

Three factors manifested in the cooperation agreement and affecting productivity and performance, and five factors that directly affect governance in the success of international joint ventures. In other words, corporate governance and its related factors play a critical role in the success of international joint ventures. 

According to the diversity of detected factors, it can be concluded that corporate governance play critical role on the success of the international joint ventures and international joint ventures are a complex organizational structure and multi-dimensional concept which cannot be undermined and treated like other types of organizations. Thus, results can be as a guide to any types of mutual collaborations especially to the international joint ventures because of its unique and complex nature.

The purpose of this paper is to innovate new processes, including understanding social demand, capturing its industrialization, and innovatively reconfiguring integrated knowledge in order to create sustainable development in the community business context. With the emergence of new approaches in social networks, definitions and behavioral models of businesses have undergone structural changes.And with modernization in some of its dimensions has led to a redefinition of concepts in the field of business. For this purpose, a model for organizational entrepreneurship based on corporate governance has been used as an economic solution. Since banks and their subsidiaries have the necessary potential to operate in these areas and are involved in business in some way due to new approaches. Therefore, banks should think about integrating the organizational entrepreneurship structure with corporate governance to use this approach in their business ecosystem. Therefore, research was conducted in the context of one of the developed banks in Iran from this perspective. In order to test the findings of this descriptive study, data collection method through a questionnaire was used. And raw data were analyzed using statistical techniques. In order to validate the model, the structural equation method has been used. Based on the results of statistical studies, all factors had the necessary validity.

One of the criteria of the quality of accounting information can be considered the extent to which this information is used by the owners in decisions related to stock pricing. In other words, if the accounting information is of necessary quality according to the owners, they use it in stock valuation. Institutional owners can limit managers' ability to manage profits through continuous and effective monitoring. However, the use of this power by institutional owners is a function of the number of shares they own. If the percentage of shares of institutional owners is high, their ability to sell will decrease and naturally they will be kept for a longer period of time. The purpose of this research is to measure the impact of profit per share, institutional ownership and book value of shares on the relevance of accounting information value in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, 112 companies during the period of 2013 to 2020 through a systematic method as the sample size of the research. was selected. The research method is descriptive-correlation. To estimate the regression model with panel data and to analyze the multiple regression using the panel-data method. The results of this research showed that the profit of each share has a positive and significant effect on the relevance value of accounting information in Tehran stock exchange, but the book value and institutional ownership have no significance on the relevance of accounting information value accepted in Tehran stock exchange.