digital ecosystem

The purpose of this research is to design a digital entrepreneurship ecosystem model in Internet retail businesses. The type of research work is applied, in the qualitative part of the statistical population of this research, in order to identify the indicators, two groups of academic experts in the field of digital technologies and entrepreneurship have been formed in the number of 14 people, and in the quantitative part of the statistical population of the research, 384 officials. The programmers and operators of these businesses were in Tehran. The sampling method in this research is systematic random method due to the homogeneity of the studied population. The required information was collected by two methods of library studies (in order to develop hypotheses) and field method (in order to test hypotheses). The research tool includes a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire as well as a researcher-made questionnaire based on the extracted criteria. Convergent validity method was used to confirm validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to confirm reliability. To analyze the data, statistical methods at two descriptive and inferential levels and statistical tests appropriate to the data scale, PLS statistical software, partial least squares test and bootstrapping technique have been used.

The characteristics of today's businesses have led managers to pay attention to their business from ecosystem point of view and this attention is increasing. Considering businesses from the business ecosystem point of view will lead to significant differences in comparison to considering a specific business and will transform analyses and actions from the individual level to the collective level. However, the prerequisite for any analysis or action in the field of ecosystems is to identify the characteristics of ecosystems. In order to specify the characteristics of business ecosystems and using Metasynthesis, published articles in four databases and specifically four reputable journals are reviewed and after evaluating and screening the articles, 54 articles are selected and carefully studied and the information obtained are combined and interpreted. According to the Metasynthesis results, the characteristics of ecosystems can be classified into five main characteristics including Structural Characteristics, Interactive Characteristics, Evolutionary Characteristics, Social Characteristics and Governance Characteristics that every characteristic includes sub-characteristics and concepts and all together make the framework of business ecosystems’ characteristics. These characteristics affect all dimensions of an ecosystem and comprehensive knowledge about them is a valuable guide for any research or action in ecosystems.

Digitalization and agility are the dominant features of the gig economy. Therefore, it is crucial to consider digital transformation and organizational agility in both the public and private sectors. The level of preparedness of the public sector for the digital transformation as a new approach to employee management and enhancement of the capabilities of public sector organizations is also of high significance. This relatively new concept includes the use of web-based technologies to optimize processes and create better results in human resource management (HRM). The purpose of the present qualitative research was to present a model for digital HRM in the public sector to fit in the digital era.

Qualitative research method was used to conduct the present study. To achieve the research objective, data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 36 human resource experts in the public banking network (including 8 banks), who were selected using the purposive sampling method.

The findings of this study consisted of 4 comprehensive themes, 15 organizing themes, and 58 basic themes, which were obtained in three stages of coding. The comprehensive themes were digital architecture, digital ecosystem, the drivers of digital HRM, and the digital HRM outcomes.

The obtained results indicated that the public sector requires digital HRM to create agility in the gig economy. As an innovative and inevitable strategy, public sector organizations need digital HRM to improve their agility of the public sector banking network and facilitate the transformation and the transition to the digital economy. Unfortunately, there is currently a major weakness in the knowledge and practice of digital HRM in the public sector. The present study considered this issue and some new concepts that have not been mentioned in the existing literature.