dumping

Dumping is one of the negative results of free trade and occurs when a foreign exporter sells a commodity at a lower price than the selling price of the same commodity or similar commodity in its domestic market in another country's market. Many approaches are used to investigate the problem of dumping, one of which is game theory, which is used in this article.

 Game theory is one of the advanced scientific phenomena that has provided a solid framework for strategic behaviors. Whereas a lot of data is needed to solve business problems and issues, and given that real-world data usually involves uncertainty; Therefore, using definite methods in a real inaccurate environment will not be suitable for optimal decision making. Therefore, this article intends to study the issues of dumping and anti-dumping in the trade relations of countries with the help of game theory in the environment of gray uncertainty.

Dumping as an example of unhealthy and illegitimate competition in the trade arena of countries causes damage to the productive sectors of developing countries. Since healthy competition in the market of a product leads to the desirability and reduction of the price of that product, the formation of healthy competition requires appropriate policies and policies in order for businesses to be able to survive in a competitive market or be strengthened in those markets.

Game theory is one of the applied fields that has grown in the field of decision making and economics and has attracted the attention of many researchers. Utilizing this theory can help the current knowledge about the further application of this theory in the economic conditions of the country.

Marketing techniques and methods of eliminating commercial competitors have attracted considerable attention. One of these techniques is using predatory pricing by which the predator undertakings gain control over a great portion of the market and strike a probably heavy blow to the rivals abroad through supplying products with a lower price than home. In a broad classification, predatory pricing may occur domestically or internationally. The latter is known as dumping. The most important legal document in this regard in Iran is the “Regulation of Predicting Protective, Compensatory and Anti-Dumping Expedients and Measures for Protection of Domestic Producers” 1386 [2007].Since the mentioned Iranian provisions have not been analyzed by Iranian lawyers yet, the purpose of this study is the comparative review of this Regulation and the Anti-Dumping Agreement in order to discern the deficiencies of the Iranian Regulation in regard to determination of dumping. Therefore, the main and specific question of this paper is that what are the exact deficiencies of the aforementioned Regulation, as the most important legal document of Iran, in regard to determination of dumping and what is the solution? Thus, firstly, we will review the main elements of determination of dumping and after introduction of the key issues, the important deficiencies of the Iranian provision such as determination of the ordinary course of trade, concealment or untrustworthiness of the export price, comparison with regard to the price in the country of origin, simultaneous evaluation of the effects of importation from different countries, the prerequisites of investigation in regard to the quantity of the applicants and the price comparison criterion with respect to quantity of sales, will be illustrated and consequently, this paper shows that the current provisions of Iran concerning the determination of dumping face serious deficiencies, the elimination of which requires amending the aforementioned Regulation.