empowerment

Effective management of work processes is crucial for ensuring competitiveness and sustainability. This research aims to develop a model for managing work processes with a focus on empowerment in Iranian prison organizations.

In this research, a mixed-methods approach was employed. For the qualitative component, experts from the Iranian Prisons Organization were selected, with a total of 13 individuals chosen through purposive sampling. The quantitative component comprised managers and employees of the Iranian Prisons Organization, with an estimated population of 210 individuals determined using Cochran's formula and selected via simple random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA and SMART PLS software.

The analysis revealed a total of 119 primary codes categorized into 14 themes. Furthermore, the second-order factor loadings were as follows: promoting individual characteristics of employees (0.857), evaluation of organizational performance (0.767), extra-organizational factors (0.757), technology and organizational technology (0.714), human resource management (0.674), organizational obstacles (-0.720), characteristics of employees and managers (0.742), and organizational outcomes (0.688). These values indicate that the observed factor loadings are statistically significant.

To effectively manage work processes with a focus on empowerment, it is crucial to emphasize identified themes and establish them as integral components within organizations.

In the current research, the oil industry employee empowerment strategy model has been developed by using the data theory method of the Foundation. By conducting extensive theoretical studies on employee empowerment, after conducting in-depth and semi-structured interviews with academic experts and human resources specialists, by using the purposeful sampling method to achieve theoretical saturation, during a round-trip process and simultaneously, interviewing Coding of the data extracted from the interview text during three stages of open coding, axial coding and then the concepts obtained from the axial coding in the framework of the conceptual model of the research (selective coding) has been presented. The findings of the research show that the empowerment strategies of the oil industry employees are affected by causal, background, and intervening factors. These factors include optimization of the performance management process, planning and implementation of training and development courses, integration of information systems and human resources, and development and strengthening of knowledge management systems.

The current research thoroughly investigates the organizational climate and its constituent elements. Organizational climate, defined as the collective perceptions and experiences of employees in their workplace, encompasses various factors like the organizational structure, the prevailing work environment conditions, interpersonal relationships among employees, the level of support provided by management, and the freedom in decision-making. The study illustrates that a positive organizational climate can significantly enhance productivity, job satisfaction, and employee creativity. Conversely, negative organizational climates can inversely affect employee morale, performance, and create an unhealthy work environment. Furthermore, the research underscores the pivotal role of management in shaping and maintaining a positive climate, which includes promoting a culture based on support, mutual respect, fostering collaboration, and innovation.

Intimacy means to share inner wishes and to show sympathy for others. Organizational intimacy makes efficient management and motivated employees and finally leads to organizational progress and prosperity. Those employees who accept their job and are satisfied with it show intimacy with co-workers and can build a space for different groups to feel accepted and supported, and to be able to cooperate. In establishing organizational intimacy career fitness emphasizes the role of psychological factors such as empowerment. Therefore, intimacy within an organization not only reflects career fitness and people persistence factors in their job but also other aspects such as employees’ psychological empowerment are involved which have been unnoticed in previous studies. Moreover, studies on career fitness and organizational intimacy mostly agree on the necessity of further research in this regard. About existing evidence and experience during recent years, the importance of employees’ career fitness within public organizations and considering career fitness as an effective factor in organizational intimacy while respecting the mediative role of psychological empowerment have not been studied. In this regard, the present study has been carried out with the aim of mediative role of psychological empowerment in relation between career fitness and organizational intimacy.

Design/Methodology/Approach: 

The present study is an applied descriptive survey in terms of its purpose and implementation method. The population of the study consisted of 35875 employees working in Ilan public organizations among which 380 were selected as sample size using Cochran’s formula. A questionnaire was applied to collect data and evaluate the relation between various variables. To evaluate the variable of career fitness, two dimensions of organizational fitness and society fitness were extracted from the questionnaire by Adams et al. (2010), and also five dimensions of competence, autonomy, influence, significance, and trust were obtained from the questionnaire by Spreitzer (1995) and Mishra (1997) to evaluate psychological empowerment, three dimensions of organizational climate, organizational understanding and amity were extracted to evaluate organizational intimacy through the questionnaire by Ebrahimzadeh (2019). To ensure the reliability of research constructs, the Alpha Cronbach way was applied. The value of the Alpha Cronbach coefficient was more than 0.7 indicating appropriate reliability of research constructs. Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to examine normality and non-normality of data at a significance level of 5%. Since the obtained significance level was less than 5%, the data was not normal. To evaluate the validity of constructs, structural equations way was applied in SmartPLS that obtained figures out of which were less than 0.5 hence research constructs had appropriate validity.

To examine model fitness, the GOF index was applied during this study. The value of GOF was 0.8251 indicating very suitable fitness of the model. Some coefficients were obtained in testing research hypotheses using Structural equations in SmartPLS which all were significant because the value of their significance test was more than 1.96. Therefore, all of the hypotheses of the study were confirmed. Moreover, as the mediative variable of Psychological Empowerment existed in this study, the Sobel test was applied. The value of the Z-value obtained by the Sobel test was 9.71 which was more than 1.96. Therefore, it can be stated that the mediative impact of Psychological Empowerment on the relation between career fitness and organizational intimacy was significant at a confidence level of 95 percent.

Results of this study showed that career fitness has a positive significant impact on organizational intimacy and also psychological empowerment plays a mediative role in the relationship between career fitness and organizational intimacy. The obtained results through this study correlated to findings by Yoon et al. (2022), Hum et al. (2024), Valizadeh Zanouz and Moghtaderzadeh Maleki Moghadam (2016), and Faraz et al. (2023). Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen career fitness and Employees’ psychological empowerment at all aspects to take advantage of organizational intimacy benefits. Employees with suitable career fitness usually develop the benefits of their organizations, accept group goals by focus and awareness and concentrating on them, motivate others, and make the ground for their organization which leads to organizational intimacy. Also, one of the logical and efficient ways to promote organizational intimacy is to proper implementation of empowerment among employees which would have a positive impact on performance and productivity.

The present study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of managers' influence strategies on the development of empowerment of elementary school teachers. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of 257 elementary school teachers in Fereydounkenar city. 257 people were selected as the statistical sample by census sampling method. The data collection tools were the standard questionnaires of managers' influence by Kopnis and Smith (1982) and empowerment by Spreitzer (1995). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the validity of the research tools. The reliability of the research tools was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The structural equation technique was used by the SmartPLS statistical software to analyze the data. The research findings indicated that managers' influence strategies have a positive and significant effect on the development of teachers' empowerment. The research results showed that the components of assertiveness and negotiation had the greatest effect on teachers' empowerment.

The main purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the empowerment of women faculty members of Islamic Azad University. The research method is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). . To conduct this research, in addition to document study, thematic analysis technique with MAXQDA12 software was used. The statistical population was all the faculty members of the Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran, after conducting 20 theoretical saturation interviews, and in the quantitative part, the statistical population was all the female faculty members of the Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran. The number of samples was 327 who were selected by stratified sampling from 6 academic fields. In the quantitative part, structural equations were used to fit the sample. The results showed that 4 dimensions, 11 components and 42 indicators were designed for the empowerment of women faculty members, and finally, in the structural equation model, it was determined that political factors with a coefficient of 0.854 have the highest impact and legal and legal factors with a coefficient of 0.722 have the lowest impact.

The purpose of this research is the effective factors on the design of the management dashboard framework with an emphasis on the components of human resources productivity. The research method is applicable in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of execution method, and cross-sectional survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research includes 15 senior managers of Mapna Company and knowledgeable academic staff members in the field of research; and the interviews continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. Delphi method was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that after collecting data and conducting interviews and conducting the Delphi method, 15 dimensions and 53 indicators were counted in the final model in 4 main components. Among these, group dynamics and team spirit, success motivation and talent assessment and completion of talent banks of employees, documentation and continuity in learning, creating motivation and success among employees with a weighted average of 4.9 are among the most important factors identified.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of managerial competencies of women in the industry (case study: Sabah Food Company). The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the present study included 10 female managers in the food industry. Sampling was done as a targeted technique. The collection tool in this research is a semi-structured interview. Foundation data theory and MAXQDA18 software were used for data analysis. Based on the results of qualitative analysis, six categories of main factors including background factors, causal conditions, central phenomenon, interventionist, strategies and consequences were identified as the main components of women's competence development. In this research, the establishment of women's management culture is reported as the most important condition for the development of women's competence. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the phenomenon of "glass ceiling" is the most important intervening factor in the development of the competences of women managers, women's empowerment as the most important strategy for the development of women's managerial competence, and gender equality and women's career advancement are the most important consequences of the development of the competence of female managers. It is very important in terms of organization management.

The sustainable livelihood approach has been the best way to address the issues of poverty and empowerment of the poor over the past years. It tries to solve the problem of poverty and vulnerability in rural areas in a comprehensive and human-centered way. Accordingly, the present research was conducted to identify opportunities to start entrepreneurial businesses to achieve rural people’s sustainable livelihood in Mahabad Township.

To achieve the desired goal, a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative), the Delphi technique, and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used. The community studied was composed of specialists, experts, and experienced people in the field of rural entrepreneurship and agriculture, among whom 24 were selected as Delphi panel members using the purposive sampling method. A consensus was reached regarding the opportunities of starting entrepreneurial businesses after three rounds. The main research instrument was a questionnaire with open-ended questions in the first Delphi round, a questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions in the second and third rounds, and a pairwise comparison questionnaire in AHP. The data were analyzed using coding, content analysis, and descriptive statistics in SPSS, Excel, and Expert Choice software.

Based on the results, the most suitable opportunities to start entrepreneurial businesses in the rural areas of Mahabad Township were revealed to be the development of mechanized orchards (apples, grapes, walnuts, peaches, etc.), the development of small livestock farms (light and heavy), the production and sale of local dairy products, the construction of multi-purpose cold storage units to store agricultural products and livestock, and the development of processing and packaging industries of agricultural, horticultural, and livestock products. The less important opportunities were the construction of a mechanized slaughterhouse for heavy and light livestock, the development of mushroom production and solving the marketing problem, the development of planting medicinal plants, the construction of packaging and extracting workshops, and the development of processing industries to reduce the raw sale of agricultural and horticultural products. Also, the top priority among the entrepreneurial opportunities in the rural areas of Mahabad was found to be opportunities related to the agricultural sector based on the capacity to create employment, opportunities related to the handicraft sector and home businesses based on the ease of using the opportunity, and the opportunities related to the agricultural sector based on the suitability of the opportunity with the capabilities of the region.

Conclusion/ Implications:

 In general, the results indicate that there are many yet uncovered business opportunities in the study area. Grasping them will contribute to creating employment, boosting national and regional economic growth, and improving the sustainable livelihood of the villagers, showing the need for reprogramming.

In recent decades, empowering employees in organizations is one of the useful tools to promote organizational excellence and effectiveness. In fact, the empowerment of human resources is the most valuable capital of any organization and the most important sustainable competitive advantage of organizations.

In order to analyze the contexts and bottlenecks of the empowerment of Faraja employees, a qualitative method with grounded theory technique was used. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with police officers of Ardabil province to collect research data, and the data were coded with Maxquda software.

In open coding, 229 events were identified, and in the axial coding stage, at a more abstract level, similar cases were integrated according to their similarity in content and organized around 25 subcategories and five major categories. The elements of the paradigm model of empowering Faraja employees are: Causal conditions (management style, interaction style, perceived structural obstruction), contexts (work experiences, position and service category), intervening conditions (ritualism, militaristic structure, difficulty in accessing information, lack of manpower, lack of facilities and equipment), measures and strategies (authoritarian organizational atmosphere, information sharing, perceived support, discretionary fire of employees, participation), consequences (feeling of meaning, feeling of competence, feeling of effectiveness, feeling of existential security) .

Based on the research findings, the empowerment of Faraja employees leads to the self-efficacy of individuals and the excellence of the organization.

In today's modern, complex and dynamic societies, where various institutions provide services in various fields, neglecting to pay attention to the effective role of each institution in the development of the other and the synergy between them, means not having a system thinking that will ultimately make the society Doomed to failure. University and industry, as two effective institutions in advancing the goals of each country, are strongly dependent on each other, and the need to develop relations in the current era is not hidden from any society. The development of university-industry relations has many positive consequences in the improvement and progress of both institutions and the entire society, and one of the most important consequences is the empowerment of human capital in society. The purpose of the current research is to identify the main components of governance for the development of university-industry relations, in order to empower human capital, so that policies for the development of relations can be considered in these components. For this purpose, a preliminary model was extracted by examining library documents, and by designing main questions and conducting semi-structured interviews, the content analysis of the collected data was carried out, and the main components of governance for the development of university-industry relations were extracted. These components were identified in 10 main categories and four dimensions, including formulation of cooperation and coordination policies and strategies, technology transfer, knowledge and skill transfer, and evaluation and feedback.

Advertising literacy refers to the knowledge and skills that individuals possess in order to understand and critically evaluate advertising messages. Advertising literacy is an important concept in social media as it helps individuals comprehend and critically assess advertising messages. Advertising literacy is a significant factor in resisting the effects of advertising messages. This research aims to study the impact of advertising literacy dimensions on resistance strategies in social media.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. A survey method and a questionnaire based on the Likert scale were used for data collection. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its combined reliability were calculated for checking the reliability of the questionnaire. Also, construct and content validity were used to check the validity of the questionnaire and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. In order to examine research data and test hypotheses, descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS and PLS statistical software have been used. The statistical population of this research includes the Instagram users in Yazd city, which were used by available sampling method. Since structural equation modeling and path analysis were used in the current research for data analysis, the sample size should be at least 5 to 10 times the research variables (Homan, 2014).In this research, structural equation modeling has been used for data analysis. In this regard, Smart PLS software is used. In the measurement model, reliability was measured by calculating composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha. To check the convergent validity, the Average Variance Extracted Index (AVE) should also be checked (Kenjakav Monfared and Hosseini, 2020; Saida Ardakani et al., 2012). The coefficients of these indicators are shown in the table below. In the model, all the constructs of the model have high composite reliability and are greater than 0.6. Also, Cronbach's alpha value is higher than 0.7, which indicates acceptable reliability. The average variance extracted (AVE) is also higher than the index of 0.5. Therefore, it is concluded that the items can adequately describe the variance of the variables of the research model.

The results of this study confirm the influence of critical dimensions (doubt and skepticism towards advertising and aversion to advertising) and certain conceptual dimensions (recognition of advertising sources and perception of persuasive intent) on avoidance strategies.

One of the challenges faced by marketers is to be able to provide targeted advertisements related to each segment of their target market and receive positive feedback from those advertisements. Since the volume of advertisements has increased compared to the past, consumers may skip them without paying attention to them. Audiences may resist advertising. This will cause a waste of advertising costs. A marketer should test market segmentation variables individually or in combination to find the best way to study the market structure. After specifying the effect that each dimension of advertising literacy has on resistance strategies, we may come to the conclusion that one of the factors influencing market segmentation is advertising literacy and the advertising literacy of consumers is be known as a criterion for market segmentation. In this case, it is possible to provide marketers with solutions regarding market segmentation.Advertising literacy refers to the knowledge and skills that people have to understand and critically evaluate advertising messages. The concept of advertising literacy has been investigated in various studies. Examining and understanding the dimensions of advertising literacy is important for people to resist the effects of advertising messages and make informed decisions. In other words, creating content, sharing information and providing feedback on information by consumers has been affected by digital literacy. Developing advertising literacy skills can help people critically evaluate advertising messages and make informed decisions. Here, according to the hypothesis test and analysis, the research results are discussed and suggestions are made.Education and awareness about advertising concepts and techniques to social media users can improve advertising literacy. For example, companies and organizations can provide specific tools and technologies to improve advertising literacy in social media. These tools can include browser add-ons, fake ad detection programs, and content evaluation tools that help users independently and intelligently review ads. Or that the activities are in the field of educational content production, holding webinars and workshops and creating educational platforms. The goal of competition strategy is to undermine the impact of advertising on consumers by creating cognitive dissonance or skepticism about advertising claims. Safety signs can be used as countermeasures to compete in advertising. Safety cues (providing additional information or assurances to consumers to reduce concerns or doubts about the advertised product or service) include certifications, guarantees, testimonials, or scientific evidence that support the ad's claims and increase its credibility. Social media platforms may label sponsored content to help users identify and understand advertising messages. This can help users critically evaluate advertising messages and make informed decisions.

The purpose of this research is to present the professional thinking model of employees based on the dimensions of ambivalence and psychological empowerment. The research method is applicable in terms of its purpose, hypothesis-deductive in terms of the approach, and descriptive-exploratory in terms of the research implementation method. The statistical population of the research includes 1100 people from the public accountant's community of Iran, 297 of whom were selected as a sample using Morgan's table, and the sampling method is available. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha method was used using SPSS software, and composite reliability was determined by using SMART PLS software. Also, confirmatory factor analysis was used to show the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that there is a relationship between the dimensions and components of professional thinking and ambivalence. There is a relationship between the dimensions and components of professional thinking and empowerment. The obtained value for GOF is 0.51, which confirms the very good fit of the overall model.

Purpose of the present study was to investigate and identify the perceptions of employees of Fars Electricity Distribution Company about empowerment of human resources to achieve deeper knowledge in order to plan and make policies in this area. Based on this, by using Zaltman's metaphorical extraction technique, the cognitive structures of employees have been investigated. 12 participants were selected among managers and experts of the mentioned company using concept sampling method; Then, these people were asked for the interview session to choose images that, in their opinion, represent the meaning of human resource empowerment. In the interview , questions related to the images were asked then, the answers were analyzed with the aim of discovering the concepts. totally, fourteen structures were extracted, which were "delegation of power and payment of salaries based on it", "intelligent acceptance of risk", "participatory management", "performance-based relationships", "creativity combined with rationality", "self-efficacy and sense of competence" and "organizational transformation" were identified as the main structures in the consensus map. According to the consensus map, "delegation of power and payment of salaries based on it" and "creativity combined with rationalism", causal structures and "participatory management", "self-efficacy and sense of competence" and "organizational transformation" were considered as affected structures. The consensus map shows that according to the relationships between the structures, organization can create collaborative management and self-efficacy and a sense of competence in employees to empower human resources by using delegation of power and creation of creativity combined with rationalism, which will ultimately leadto organizational transformation.

This research was conducted with the aim of modeling the mediating role of knowledge management in the relationship between in-service training and empowering the ground force managers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army. It was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of method. The statistical population included 560 managers of the ground forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army. Random-stratified sampling method for 62 questionnaire questions, 5 people for each question, a total of 310 people were selected as the final sample. The research tools were the mobile in-service training questionnaire (2013), the knowledge management questionnaire of Newman and Konrad (1999) and the manager empowerment questionnaire of Spritzer (1995), which were set on a Likert scale. Data analysis was done through linear regression, path analysis and partial least squares method using spss and Smart Pls 4 software. The results of the research indicated that the relationship between in-service training and empowering managers was positive and significant, and also the mediating role of knowledge management on the relationship between in-service training and empowering managers was also direct and meaningful in such a way that with increasing knowledge management, the impact of in-service training on The empowerment of managers increases and with the decrease of knowledge management, the amount of this effect decreases.

Promoting organizational sustainability is an important issue, and examining the factors that affect this issue is the concern of today's managers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of green human resources management on organizational sustainability with the mediating role of innovation and empowerment in social security organization of Yazd province.

The present study is a descriptive-survey of correlational type. The statistical population was 990 employees of social security organization of Yazd province, based on Cochran's formula, 277 people were selected as the sample size. The content validity of the questionnaires and their reliability were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that green human resource management has an effect on organizational sustainability with a path coefficient of 0.364, and innovation and empowerment variables play a mediating role in the effect of green human resource management on organizational sustainability.

The application of green human resources management in the social security organization can be implemented, and aspects such as innovation and employee empowerment should also be considered in order to achieve organizational sustainability in the workplace.

Nowadays, art tourism is one of the markets with special interests, the prosperity of which can play an important role in the development of Iran's tourism. Among the applied arts of Iran, handmade carpet has a historical background and a high reputation in the world. East Azarbaijan Province, as one of the historical centers of Iran's handmade carpet production, has been selected as a case study of this research. The current research pursues two main goals, which are: introducing the potential of East Azerbaijan province for the development of cultural tourism with an emphasis on handmade carpets and identifying key factors for the development of cultural tourism with an emphasis on carpets in East Azerbaijan. In this research, the qualitative method (thematic analysis) and the structural analysis research method with the help of MicMac software as a future research studies have been used.The results of the thematic analysis illustrated that East Azarbaijan province has a great potential for the development of cultural tourism with an emphasis on handmade carpet with four main themes of human resources, historical importance of Tabriz carpet, attractions and social culture. Additionally, the MicMac software output demonstrated that the variables of organizing educational programs and empowering carpet traders and producers for carpet tours, organizing educational programs and empowering tourist guides for carpet tours and creating financial incentives for them, and targeted and digital advertisements are the most effective variables.

The purpose of this research is to provide a strategic map of human resource empowerment according to Transformational leadership and Job involvement and empowerment dimensions based on meta- synthesis approach and method Structural-interpretive modeling in water and waste water companies of West and East Azarbaijan provinces. The research method is of qualitative type and also in terms of results it is considered as applied research. In the qualitative part, the meta- synthesis method and the structural-interpretive modeling method have been used to draw the structural model. Data analysis was done using the method of structural-interpretive modeling and Mic Mac analysis. After analyzing the data, the levels of the components were obtained, based on which the structural-interpretive modeling graph was designed. In the following, based on the three perspectives of transformational leadership , empowerment and job involvement , a strategic map of human resource empowerment in the water and wastewater industry was drawn. This research is one of the first studies that has analyzed and reviewed the relationship of empowerment dimensions with transformational leadership and Job involvement in the water and wastewater industry in a coordinated manner. And it may serve as a reference for spreading the strategic map of human resource empowerment in organizations.

The current research is to identify the factors influencing the strengthening of organizational empathy in the Ministry of Education. This research is of mixed type (quantitative and qualitative) in terms of purpose, survey and foundation data in terms of method.

The population and statistical sample interviewed in the qualitative phase were 15 senior managers of the Ministry of Education. In the quantitative stage, 366 employees and education managers of Ardabil province answered a 43-question questionnaire with a Likert scale. These people were selected from the statistical population of 7587 people by stratified random sampling method. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Lisrel software with structural equation tests.

 concepts in dimensions and  indicators of organizational empathy (demographic characteristics of the organization, personality characteristics of employees, psychological empowerment of employees, management factors and social factors, moral factors and belief factors); Consequences affecting organizational empathy (organizational productivity, organizational effectiveness, creativity and innovation, organizational commitment and career and personal development); Causal factors affecting organizational empathy (organizational climate, organizational structure, organizational factors, environmental factors); They were categorized.

 The dimensions and indicators, as well as the consequences and causal actors, are all crucial components in strengthening organizational empathy within the Ministry of Education.