foundation data theory

The purpose of the current research was to design a management model in schools in multi-ethnic areas. For this purpose, the foundation data method with the Strauss and Corbin approach was used. The statistical population of the research was managers and teachers of multi-ethnic areas of Razavi Khorasan province. The research data was collected using semi-structured individual interviews, the statistical sample included 14 school principals in multi-ethnic areas, 8 teachers in multi-ethnic areas, and 4 university professors and experts in the field of educational management, who were selected in a targeted theoretical manner. became The data were analyzed using the three-step coding method of Strauss and Corbin (1990). The findings of the research show that participatory and constructive management based on multiculturalism acts as a central phenomenon and that individual, organizational and social contexts have an influence in this sector. Also, the causal conditions included creating peace in the school environment, valuing the roles of multicultural management, creating a cultural background. The intervening factors included the level of participatory leadership, the level of facilitation in the direction of multi-ethnic education, the level of multicultural professional knowledge and awareness, and the considered strategies were to strengthen the culture of collective participation in schools, improve managerial skills and competencies, and school-oriented in multi-ethnic areas.

The current research was done with the aim of presenting a digital marketing model based on electronic advertising. The method used in the research is qualitative and based on the strategy of database theory. In-depth interview tool was used to collect data. The target community of academic experts, managers and senior experts in the fields of tourism participated, and by using purposeful sampling after 15 in-depth interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved. A selection of 31 general categories in a paradigmatic format including causal, contextual, intervening conditions, central categories, strategies and consequences has been selected. The results showed that digital marketing based on electronic advertising by causal conditions (Identification of digital marketing in the tourism industry, creating a digital marketing campaign, promoting the influence of tourism culture, digital environment and developing the required infrastructure), contextual (Focus strategy, digital branding and digital marketing implementation, responding to needs and interests in the digital space and optimizing digital activities), interventionist (Customer insight, environmental factors, digital advertising capabilities, digital revolution, price transparency, organizational challenges), core categories (Branding based on behavior, interactive approach and customer expectations from tourism services), Strategies (Improve positioning, promotion of communication channels and value creation for customers through content production, interaction and customer participation based on E-WOM; Development of digital technologies and digital innovation) and consequences (increasing market share; organizational effectiveness, promoting and positioning the brand (company), enhancing the special value of the electronic brand and developing digital business) are realized.

The main purpose of this design research was to evaluate the factors affecting the related sales behavior and the resulting results. The present research is fundamental-applied in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its nature, it belongs to the category of qualitative and quantitative research. The statistical community in the qualitative sector is marketing experts. The experts were identified by purposeful sampling and snowball method, and according to the sufficiency of the data, a total of 20 experts were interviewed. The method of analysis was database theory. In the quantitative part, the researcher used 384 internal customers of the Maxim brand (branch sellers) who were selected using two cluster and available approaches. Also, the data collection tool in the quantitative part of the questionnaire was 43 items. Smart PLS software was used to analyze the qualitative data from the foundation data approach and also to analyze the quantitative part. The obtained results have confirmed that the causal conditions of relational sales behavior included a complex competitive environment. The main phenomenon of the seller's specialized ability is the background of the company's situational factors, the interfering factors of the sellers' personality characteristics, as well as social and cultural factors. Relational sales behavior strategy and the result of sales performance, sales behavior performance were also identified. The results obtained from the quantitative part confirmed the approval of the designed model.

This research was done with the aim of explaining the components and providing a model of organizational happiness among the employees of the Ministry of Energy. According to the practical purpose, the research is combined or mixed in terms of the research method. The statistical community of the qualitative part was knowledgeable experts. The random sampling method was cluster and stratified and the criterion for determining the sample size was reaching theoretical saturation, which was achieved after 13 interviews. The statistical population of the quantitative stage includes all the executive, administrative and expert departments, including managers and senior experts and employees of the Ministry of Energy. To calculate the sample size, Cochran's formula for unlimited communities was used, and the number of samples is 384 people. Qualitative data analysis was done using the foundational data theory and quantitative data analysis was done using the partial least square (PLS) technique. Based on the results of qualitative analysis, six categories of factors were identified, including causal factors, contextual factors, intervening conditions, strategies, consequences, and central phenomena. After identifying the components involved in organizational happiness, the relationship between the components of the paradigm model of the data base theory showed There is a relationship.

According to the business perspective of the digital market fashion to the fashion and beauty consumer, which aims to influence the buying behavior and win her trust, there are concerns about the body image that leads the consumer to the ever-increasing demand for fashion services. So far, no research has been done to investigate the buying behavior of fashion consumers based on the patterns of changing buying behavior using the digital space, so the purpose of this research is to design consumer buying behavior model for different situations of buying behavior in the digital market.

The research method of this study is a qualitative method. The technique used was determined based on foundational data theory. 14 experts and managers of the digital market were selected by non-probability and purposeful sampling method (snowball). Information and data were collected in the form of open codes through specialized interviews with experts and managers of the digital market. Then, the research data were classified and monitored by communicating between micro and macro categories and finally confirmed.

Data were extracted after open coding, axial and selective coding in the form of 32 concepts and 9 main categories. In the end, based on the foundational data theory, the identified codes were categorized into strategic factors, components, causal cases, basis conditions, influencing conditions, and consequences.

The categories are: strategic factors of the digital market, components of the digital market, causal factors influencing the buying behavior of consumers in the digital space, external stimuli and influential basis conditions in the digital space, fashion components, The component of fashion consumer buying behavior, The factor of influential conditions in the fashion market, The factor of positive consequences of the fashion market and the digital market, The factor of negative consequences of the fashion market and the digital market.

The competitive environment, diverse needs of customers, different services and executive processes, and environmental problems in most countries have led to the formation of new environments for businesses, which necessitates the need to change the approach of banks to pay attention to an important sub-section of comprehensive banking called corporate banking. Has done. In terms of the basic practical purpose, in terms of nature, survey research and in terms of paradigm, combined-exploratory research, sampling was done in a purposeful manner in the qualitative part of the research and in a stratified random manner in the quantitative part. In the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted with 15 people, experts and academic experts and activists in the banking field until reaching theoretical saturation, and the samples of the quantitative part were selected based on Cochran's formula. The research tools in the qualitative part were determined using the exploratory method of the components of corporate banking and the factors affecting it, and they were evaluated in the quantitative part through descriptive-survey research. The research tool in the qualitative part was semi-structured exploratory interview, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate corporate banking based on green businesses, which was designed based on the codes obtained in the qualitative stage. In the qualitative part, the interviews were analyzed using the foundation's data analysis method. The validity and reliability of the components were examined and the Cronbach's alpha of all the above components was 0.7 and during that; the most important components of corporate banking and green businesses were evaluated. In the quantitative part, the accuracy of the research model was confirmed through structural equation method using Amos software, and it was found that the selection of concepts, dimensions and indicators was of high accuracy and could provide a suitable framework for document compilation. Provide corporate banking perspective based on green businesses. Based on this, 21 components were identified and 124 indicators were identified and classified based on axial coding and their relationship with the components. Finally, the model was fitted and the results of the quantitative part confirm the findings of the qualitative part.

With new digital technologies, the consumer decision-making process is a continuous and interactive activity that requires salespeople to adopt a more holistic mindset and marketers to have more creative strategies to overcome competitors in a competitive environment. The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of factors influencing the purchase intention of customers by explaining the role of electronic word-of-mouth advertising in National Bank of Iran. Since bank marketers are looking to create profitable relationships with customers, advancement in technology is an opportunity for them to provide new services with better understanding and more interactions with customers. In terms of method, the research is a combination of inductive logic in the qualitative part and comparative in the quantitative part, and in terms of the goal, it is fundamental. In the qualitative part, foundation data theory was used. The data of the qualitative part was obtained by conducting 14 semi-structured interviews with Bank Melli experts, managers and heads of the bank, and marketers, who were selected by purposeful sampling and using the snowball approach until reaching theoretical saturation, and in the quantitative part, using Researcher-made questionnaire, data was collected from 417 customers of selected branches based on available non-probability sampling method. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative section of the Max Quda software and in the quantitative section to check the descriptive statistics of the statistical software SPSS 23 and in the inferential statistics section of the structural equation modeling method based on the least squares approach. A part was used by SmartPLS3 statistical software.

The Social Security Administration is the most important lever for establishing social justice in civil societies. The demographic and diversity of the organization's activities exposes it to a variety of crises. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting an organizational leadership model in crisis management of the Social Security Organization of Iran.

The type of this research was qualitative and was done using data-based method. In order to achieve the organizational leadership model, eleven professors, experienced people in the field of the Social Security Organization were interviewed with in-depth semi-structured way, using targeted sampling method and due to theoretical saturation. Then the resulting data were interpreted through coding.

Research findings show that organization play three main service functions for crisis management in the Social Security Organization. The first function, which is detected in this study, is providing mediating factors of predicting and resolving the crisis. Mediating factors formulated through categories like; review on country's insurance laws, performing parametric corrections and developing protection laws. Finally, the third essential component of the organizational leadership model is management stability, financial stability and increasing social trust.

Achieving a crisis management model requires providing the ground, the existence of causal conditions, the existence of facilitator components and the use of appropriate strategies. The function of leadership is precisely in this area. Providing growth and development of the broker alone is not desirable and does not achieve crisis resolution and forecasting.

In today's world, markets are highly competitive and customers are at the focus of companies. In this competitive environment, most researchers believe that the brand is an important part of a business and asset, and many businesses are interested in learning how to make a successful brand. This research seeks to extract a model for brand indigenousness. In this study, it is attempted to investigate if there is a different method of indigenousness at Sahand Steel Industry Company in the three -month period. This approach is in terms of inductive approach, and accordingly, the theory is formed from the concepts of data that was selected in accordance with the systematic model of the Data Foundation's theory of well -known experts in the current successful companies and a well -known company for the statistical population. The results of the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews during the open, central and selective process of data were created in the field of brand localization. The model designed in this study includes effective dimensions and components, causal conditions, contexts, intermediaries, and constituent elements that illustrate the pivotal phenomenon, consequences and strategies of public implementation. Finally, the application suggestions for localization of the Sahand Steel Industry brand are launched.

The necessity of water for survival is not hidden to anyone, but there is still no clear and systematic way to think about the value of water. The connection between poverty and lack of water is quite clear, so that poverty is prevalent mainly in water-scarce areas and can lead to conflicts; Social and economic development is completely tied to water, and the fact is that Iran is clearly facing a water crisis.This article seeks to harness the capacity of the media in general and new forms of water-related journalism in particular to promote citizens' water literacy. Accordingly, the present study was conducted in an interpretive paradigm based on qualitative methodology and using the data theory method of the Strauss and Corbin Systematic Approach Foundation, through theoretical sampling with experts in the fields of water, media, social sciences and communications, 31 in-depth interviews. The main phenomenon of this research was considered to be the promotion of water literacy. By analyzing the data, causal conditions (31 concepts), Underlying factors (cultural conditions, political and social conditions, media diversity, geographical conditions, economic conditions), intervening factors (role of professional journalists, independence of journalists, politicization of the press, ambiguous future of Iranian journalism) and strategies (media interaction, industry interaction, educational institutions, academia and media, press pathology, social capital promotion, audience sociology, confidence building, gatekeeper democracy, technological convergence and journalism, contiguous content, establishment of newspaper association Water writers, agile media interaction, and the creation of water journalism in schools, educational institutions, and universities) obtained in three coding steps.

The current research aimed to design a model of the antecedents of social capital in student sports. The recent research was from the perspective of developmental-applicative goals, in terms of qualitative data and terms of the nature and implementation method of foundation data. The statistical population included university professors and sports managers in student sports. The snowball sampling method was used, data collection continued until theoretical data saturation and 21 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. Retest reliability method was used to measure reliability in this research. Two data collection techniques from multiple sources and analysis of negative cases were used to determine the validity of the findings. To analyze the data, Glazer's approach (1978) using the software (MAXQDA 10) was used. With the help of the software in the open coding stage, 189 independent primary available codes (concepts), 60 secondary open codes (subcategories), and finally, based on the secondary genuine codes, ten main categories were created. In selective coding, ten main categories, including communication factors, normative factors, social factors, contextual factors, cultural factors, executive factors, behavioral factors, personality factors, family factors, and media factors, were divided. Finally, to compile the final model of the antecedents of social capital, the ten main categories identified were categorized into three social, systemic, and individual dimensions.

The continuing Covid-19 crisis has caused irreparable damage in many industries. Considering that we are witnessing these losses in the hotel industry, so this study seeks to identify and determine the components and dimensions of the crisis in the financial field in the critical situation of Covid-19 in the hotel industry of Alborz province. There are 15 hotels. The research method is applied and the research design is descriptive-correlational research. Field and library methods have been used to collect data. The data collection tool was a standard online questionnaire whose validity was estimated by experts and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. The main basis for gathering information is to conduct in-depth interviews with hotel managers and academic experts until the theoretical saturation is reached; a total of 22 interviews were conducted. The statistical population includes all hotels in Alborz province and its time zone in the first half of 1400. After performing the three steps of open, axial and selective coding, the final research model has been obtained; in this model, 6 general categories, 15 sub-categories and 53 main concepts are mentioned. The results show that in this situation, the categories of executive instructions, organizational level strategies of hotels in managing financial crisis and inefficiency of crisis organization have the highest frequency and executive instructions are in the first priority; and the consequences of these categories have had a significant impact on increasing the costs of this industry.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the model of organizational symbolism in government organizations of Ilam province. This research is exploratory in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method, which has been analyzed with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the first stage, qualitative method and in-depth interviews were used to identify the components of the model. The participants in the qualitative section were 12 university experts and specialists from executive bodies of Ilam province who were selected in a targeted way. In the second stage, quantitative method and structural equation modeling approach were used to fit the model designed in the qualitative part. The statistical population of this department included managers and experts in the administrative and human resources fields of government agencies of Ilam province, and 188 people were selected by stratified random method. The data collection tool in this section was a researcher-made questionnaire with 71 questions, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Qualitative part data analysis was done by coding method using Max Quda software and quantitative part data analysis was done with SmartPLS software. Based on the findings of the research, 71 primary codes and 12 subcategories were identified in the form of 6 main categories, which are: the central phenomenon, including the organizational symbolism component; Causal factors, including managerial, legal, academic and personal components; Background factors, including the components of organizational culture and leadership style; Intervening factors, including the multiplicity and contradiction of organizational rules; Strategies, including symbolic strategies and consequences, include the components of improving organizational performance, individual and organizational development, and public trust in the organization. The results of the quantitative part of the designed model have an acceptable fit.

The present study presented a model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in the health system. The method of this study is applied and analytical in terms of aim, qualitative in terms of process, and grounded theory in terms of data collection and analysis. Twelve experts were first interviewed after examining the theoretical foundations and previous studies. Then, data were analyzed, and categories, related concepts, and semantic codes were extracted to answer the research questions by MAXQDA (2020) software. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. "Balanced and integrated management," "service provision," and "financial resources" were identified as causal factors. "Legal environment," "political environment," "cultural and social environment," and "technology" were identified as contextual factors. "Government policies" and "change management" were identified as intervening factors. "Green governance affairs," "contractual affairs," and "participatory affairs" were identified as strategies. "Creating alignment between goals, policies, and structure and culture in the health sector," "improving administrative and environmental health," "and dynamism and adapting to changes and developments in the health system" were identified as outcomes.
Extended abstract

Significant development caused by the industrial revolution that began in the mid- 1700s led to gradual changes in industries, economic growth, higher standards of living, the availability of world-class products, amenities, etc. However, the environmental aspect was neglected, resulting in much environmental damage (Ferran Vila, Yanez & Miotto, 2022). In recent decades, human beings have well understood the danger of neglecting the environment since all kinds of environmental pollution have endangered the whole earth as a human habitat. Thus, efforts were made to protect the environment and modify development methods. Hence, environmental concerns and sustainable development are among the global community's most significant topics (Seyd Alavi, Mohammad, Ghalavandi, Abbaspour & Mohamadkhni, 2020). Several quantitative and qualitative factors affect sustainable development. However, many thinkers of economics and other sciences argue that governance has a relatively higher rank in affecting sustainable development (Zahiri, Zayanderoody & Jalaie, 2021). Accordingly, green governance as a new and sustainability-based governance model creates new challenges for the traditional human-centered development ideology (Li et al., 2018) and emphasizes the balance between economic growth and sustainable development (Lin, Gui, Xie, & Liu, 2019). Green governance includes the combination of the principles of environmental sustainability and social justice in the decision-making processes of the government and other institutions (Dryzek, 2013). Green governance is also considered a driving force for the restructuring of economic development and the realization of a green technological revolution to realize and achieve sustainable development goals (Xu & Zhu, 2022). Also, health domain and the health system are among the most significant service sectors and indicators of social development and welfare (Seddighi, Nosrati Nejad & Basakha, 2020). Applying the green governance model in the health system can minimize the environmental damage caused by providing services. Despite the role and significance of this strategy, few efforts have been made to apply it, especially in Iran's health system. Thus, the present study fills the existing research gap. It can help the health system use the green governance strategy to achieve its sustainable development goals. Therefore, in this study, the researcher seeks to answer the question of the model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in Iran's health system.
Literature review
Peyghan, Yaghobi, and Keikha (2022) conducted a study entitled "Measuring and validating the model of good governance with a sustainable development approach (a study in Sistan and Baluchistan)." The results revealed that in the proposed model, the index of comment and final responsibility, quality of laws, corruption control, the rule of law, and transparency are ranked first to fifth, respectively (Peyghan, Yaghobi & Keikha, 2020). Rezaei Lori, Selajeghe, and Maddahiyan (2022) conducted research entitled "Designing a good governance model for the systematic exploitation of Mines with a sustainable development approach (The case study of Golgohar Sirjan Industrial and Mineral Complex). The results revealed that comprehensive responsibility, a causal condition that includes intergenerational, environmental, and social obligations, causes the formation of good governance with future-oriented, health-oriented, and people-oriented characteristics. Along with the developmental space, creating opportunity and development-oriented strategies leads to sustainable social, economic, and environmental development (Rezaei Lori, Salajeghe & Maddahiyan, 2022). Xu and Zhu (2022) investigated the effects of green governance and green financial policies on sustainable development in various regions of China from 2008 to 2018. The results revealed that China's green governance index and green financial policies significantly reduced environmental pollution during the study period (Xu & Zhu, 2022). Shah, Lai, et al. (2021) conducted a study entitled "Development of a green governance framework to improve the performance of an oil and gas company." The results revealed that the proposed green governance framework reduced social costs and environmental risks and effectively improved the performance of the oil and gas industry (Shah, Lai, et al., 2021).
 

This study is an applied type and analytical in terms of aim, qualitative in terms of process, and grounded theory in data collection and analysis method. A purposeful sampling method was used. Its data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The researcher achieved theoretical saturation after interviewing 12 experts. Also, data analysis and extraction of categories, related concepts, and semantic codes to answer the research questions in this study were done by MAXQDA software.

This section answers the questions of providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system (case study: Kerman University of Medical Sciences). The questions of this study were as follows: What are the causal conditions of providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What are the contextual conditions for providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What are the intervening conditions for providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What are the strategies for presenting the model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What is the outcome or implication of providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system?
The results revealed that the three components of "balanced and integrated management," "service provision," and "financial resources" were identified as causal factors. "Legal environment," "political environment," "cultural and social environment," and "technology" were identified as contextual factors. "Government policies" and "Transformation and change management" were identified as intervening factors. "Green governance affairs," "contractual affairs," and "participatory affairs" were identified as strategies. "Creating alignment between goals, policies, and structure and culture in the health sector," "improving administrative and environmental health," and "dynamism and adapting to changes and developments in the health system" were identified as outcomes.
Discussion and

The present study provided a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system. The results revealed that the causal factors are balanced and integrated management, providing services, and financial resources. The legal environment, political environment, cultural and social environment, and technology were found as the contextual factors. Intervening factors also included government policies and change management. The strategies were also green governance, contractual, and partnership affairs. Finally, creating alignment between goals, policies, structure, and culture in the health sector, promoting administrative and environmental health, dynamism, and adapting to changes and developments in the health system were found as outcomes.
Based on the results, it is recommended to consider the development of effective leadership as a priority of the health system's programs and policies. Organizational independence should be promoted in different parts of the health system. Also, practical performance evaluation should be performed annually, and balanced growth and development should occur in economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Moreover, policy-making and decisions should be made based on evidence with the development of feedback mechanisms in the sector.
Collective decision-making and orientation among health stakeholders should be done to develop policies and crisis management requirements in the health sector, a fair payment system along with moving toward self-sufficiency should be applied in the health system for development and motivation of human resources in the health sector, development and use of prevention and safety approaches in the health sector should be considered by improving the fficiency and quality of the services provided. Also, financing, accumulation, and capital management in the health sector should be done by using the basics of financing and focusing on the health system's priorities. The management of creating infrastructure and production of financial resources and budgeting strategy in the health system should be done by promoting the rule of law in the health sector.
It is also recommended to create a guarantee for tools for implementing policies in the health sector by identifying and defining the roles of government, private, and civil society actors, demands and expectations of people. The use of electronic government, the use of green technologies and methods, the development of privatization, and the use of the power and capacity of the private sector should be considered in this regard. It is also recommended to observe the environmental issues and the development of knowledge resources with the optimal management of financial and environmental resources to promote administrative health and value-oriented and ethical orientation. It is also recommended to pave the way for reaching a consensus among the actors of the health system and formalizing the relations between the beneficiaries of the health system by strengthening social capital and effective communication between the beneficiaries of the health system to improve health promotion and save more energy and optimize waste management, and coordination of land and environment and protect citizens against financial, social, and environmental risks.

Peer mentoring could be mentioned as one of the novel approaches for professional development of university professors. The present study sought to propose a model for the peer mentoring program which could be employed by the professors of Teacher Training University. The statistical population included all the professors at the Teacher Training Universities and the sample were selected through criterion sampling which is considered as a variation of purposive sampling. The study data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 professors from Teacher Training Universities of Alborz and Tehran provinces. In the next step, open, axial and selective coding methods were used in order to analyze the data. Lincoln and Cuban criteria were used to ensure validity and reliability. The results of the research revealed thirty-five core concepts and eleven selected categories, which were organized and presented in the form of a paradigm model including planning and formulation of macro strategy, needs assessment, attitude, organizational structure redesign, revision and refinement of laws and designing a new performance evaluation system as the core subject and causal conditions (individual and organizational factors), contextual factors (environmental and organizational factors), facilitating intervention conditions (information and media literacy, professional ethics, support, mentoring relationship and job turnover, realism and revision in recruitment policy), limiting intervening conditions (politicization, materialism, weak human resource management, traditional view toward human resources, structural weakness, formalization and temporary view) and outcome (professional growth and development of Teacher Training University professors).

The aim of the current research is to design a model of a heterogeneous co-creating ecosystem in the tourism industry from the perspective of experts, managers and employees, customers and tourism agencies, which is based on the data theory of the Strauss and Corbin Foundation. Using the purposeful sampling method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with three groups of experienced experts including 21 managers and employees of Shiraz hotels, 15 customers and 15 managers of tourism agencies. The data was extracted and analyzed in three stages of coding (open, central and selective). The result obtained was 29 general categories, which in the form of a paradigm model include causal factors (customers' co-creation, suppliers' co-creation, managers' co-creation, employees' co-creation), contextual factors (customers' personality traits, employees' characteristics, technological advances) hotel, characteristics of managers and industry characteristics), intervening factors (obstacles related to the hotel, barriers related to the industry and national barriers), strategic factors (improving communication mechanisms with ecosystem actors, improving communication mechanisms between ecosystem actors together , increasing the satisfaction of ecosystem players, clarifying the processes of providing services to customers) and consequences (consequences for the hotel, consequences for customers, consequences for employees and consequences for the society). The operationalization process of the homogeneous heterogeneous ecosystem model and the relationships between categories and their dimensions are depicted by this model.

The purpose of this study is to design and explain the model of human capital excellence in commercial banks in Iran using data theory. In terms of the nature of the data, the research is qualitative in the style of data-based.The participants of the research were managers (with at least 15 years of service and at least a master's degree) and professors in the field of management (with at least 10 years of service and at least a doctorate). The sample size after theoretical saturation was 11 people and was purposefully selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and data analysis using thematic technique (open coding, axial coding and selective coding) using MAXQDA software. The validity and reliability of the data were verified using various methods. Based on the analysis of the interviews, 262 codes were obtained in the open coding stage, which was reduced to 115 basic codes after removing the same codes, which were finally classified into 23 core codes and eight selected codes. Finally, citing a systematic approach to data theory, the codes identified in the six core classes include; Causal conditions, contextual conditions, central categories, intervention factors, strategies and consequences were included. Therefore, in order to succeed in the development of human capital excellence, it is necessary to pay full attention to the identified categories and related concepts and use them with full awareness.

In the modern age, attracting and retaining customers for any organization is inevitable, and their durability is depending on strategies that are used to satisfy and attract customers and also convert potential customers to real customers and their loyalty. Due to the rapid rate of change in firms, one of the factors of production in small and medium enterprises in line with the mutation of productin is modification of marketing because today marketing can be considered as one of the ways to achieve the goal of the companies with considering future research approaches.Given that this study focuses on firms that provide services, it aims to identify the drivers and factors that affect service marketing, including commercial services except for financial and insurance services. To this end, many drivers were collected by reviewing previous studies, interviewing experts in this field, and holding meetings with companies and service providers. The tool used in this study is fundamental data theory, by which the approach has been able to aggregate and classify the collected drivers and apply them to the Strauss and Corbin model.As a result of this study, 46 drivers were selected and classified into five categories of causal conditions, main phenomena, confounding conditions, context, strategy and outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model of jihadi management based on the text of the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution. The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory research method in terms of data foundation approach. The statistical population includes the text of the statement of the second step of the revolution that the analysis and conceptualization of the subject has been done using a systematic process of open, axial and selective coding. Validity of research through the coding process at two different times by Researcher and reliability were also evaluated using the four criteria of Parker and Rafi (1119). Findings show 012 open source code, 42 core code and 22 selected code. The results are also in the form of a conceptual model with six variables; Causal, contextual, intervening factors, central phenomena, strategies and consequences of jihadi management are presented.

With the emergence of private banks in the Iranian banking system during the last decade, there is an intense competition for monetary resources in the country's financial markets. In the meantime, state banks have also struggled to attract and retain customers. The emergence of competitors in this industry highlights the need to use customers’ knowledge and manage it to reach a new source of competitive advantage. The banking environment needs such a management due to high a competition, relatively mature customers’ expectations, and the significant interaction between the bank and the customer. Although there is general agreement on the importance of the role of customers’ knowledge management and customers’ relationship management, there is a lack of an integrated model that measures the role and impact of all functions of such managements. Therefore, the present study seeks to explain an integrated model of customers’ knowledge management and customers’ relationship management based on a competitive approach in the Iranian banking industry.

This fundamental research is exploratory in nature. The semi-structured in-depth interview approach along with library studies were used for data collection. The statistical population of this study includes experts in managerial, banking, and academic topics. Purposeful sampling and snowball sampling were used to identify the experts, where the adequacy of the data was obtained after 16 interviews.

The analysis of the interviews indicated that the ultimate extracted codes were classified into 50 concepts and 18 main categories. Finally, based on the systematic approach in grounded data theory, the identified codes were placed into 6 nuclear classes, including phenomenon-orientation, causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences

According to the results, the following factors were extracted: causal categories (rapid response of the bank to the external environment, implementation of international standards in customer orientation and social responsibility of the bank), central categories (determining the management framework, manpower supply, determining strategies, and value creation for the customers), strategic categories (integrated marketing, development of technology and novel banking services, strategic alliance, and delta model), contextual categories (changing the approach of senior management, liberalization, and deregulation by the government), interventionist categories (culture of bank empowerment and dynamic competition), and consequential categories (gaining competitive advantage for the bank, customer satisfaction, and strengthening banking services in the community). Hence, these categories are influential for the success of the integrated customer knowledge management and customer relationship management