labor

Human capital is considered as a valuable and competitive capital of organizations, and managers who are aware of the importance of human resources will be able to create a competitive advantage for the future of the organization and the economic development and growth of the country. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for measuring national human capital. The current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey approach, and quantitative in terms of research method. The statistical population of the research is two parts. To collect information, in the qualitative section, after extracting a conceptual model from the research literature, the model was confirmed through a survey of experts and professors of human resource management using the Delphi technique. A small part were managers and human resources experts of government organizations of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, and the statistical sample was determined with the help of Morgan's table. The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire from experts and employees, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with the experts' opinions and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha, and the data was analyzed using the structural equation approach. Based on the findings of the research, the dimensions of the national human capital measurement model were personal dimension, occupational dimension, organizational dimension, spiritual capital, intellectual capital. The research results indicate the applicability of the national human capital measurement model in the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare.

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of developing entrepreneurial behavior in Iran's government organizations, with a focus on the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare.

This study used a mixed method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The qualitative part involved semi-structured interviews with experts and managers of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, who were selected using snowball sampling purposively method. The content analysis method was used for qualitative data analysis, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The quantitative part involved the use of structural equation modeling method with SPSS and SMART PLS software. For the research validity, the method of "Peers Debriefing and Members Checking" has been used in the qualitative part. To check the reliability of the research in the qualitative aspect, the "Inter-coder Agreement (ICA)" method has been used. Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability of each item in the quantitative section, and convergent validity and Discriminant validity were used to confirm the validity of the research in this section.

The study found that institutional and legal mechanisms, organizational mechanisms, environmental mechanisms, group and teamwork mechanisms, individual and personality mechanisms, and cultural and belief mechanisms, all played a role in the development of entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations. The findings suggest that the development of entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations requires a combination of these mechanisms.

The study provides insights into the mechanisms that can be used to develop entrepreneurial behavior in Iran's government organizations, with a focus on the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare. The findings may have important implications for policymakers and organizational leaders who seek to foster entrepreneurship in government organizations. The mixed method approach used in this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that are necessary for developing entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations.

Well-being means developing a person's potentials and capacities, having control over life, having a goal (working for valuable goals) and experiencing positive relationships. This study is a qualitative research in which data were collected through theoretical sampling method and depth structured interviews with 18 managers of the ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare and the foundation was analyzed using the data theory approach.The result of these interviews was a set of basic that were collected during the open coding process and categories were extracted from them. Then, in the axial coding stage, the link between these categories was explained under the headings of causal conditions, axial phenomena, strategies, contextual factors, intervening conditions and consequences of organizational well-being in the form of axial coding paradigm. Then, in the selected coding stage, the course of the story was drawn. The results showed that professional virtues, social virtues of work and psychological capital of individuals are the main factors in shaping the organizational well—being of employees. Organizational well -being consists of three professional, relational and reflective pleasures that create transitional, developmental and functional consequences by creating psychological ownership in employees along with intervening and infrastructural factors.

The purpose of the present study is to design a model for the promotion of general welfare based on good governance. The current research is developmental and applied in terms of its purpose. 

In the qualitative stage of the present study, the issue analysis method was used. The descriptive method was used in the validation phase. In the qualitative phase, in order to design the research model, Interviews were conducted with 20 academic and executive experts who were selected by purposive sampling. In the quantitative stage, to validate the research model, the employees of the Iranian Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare were asked for their opinions by answering a questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software. The sample size included 216 people and was calculated using the Cochran formula. A subset of participants from the population was selected by the simple random method. 

According to the findings, three variable categories of propellants, strategies and consequences were identified for public welfare governance.

The results showed that the use of good governance principles can play a great role in promoting public welfare. Also, the strategies and characteristics of the Iranian Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare play a significant moderating role in improving the conditions of public welfare in society.

The purpose of this paper is presenting a model for the factors affecting labor and employer complaints in Isfahan. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires from a sample of 14 experts in the field of labor relations working in the Department of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare of Isfahan. According to the study of literature review and investigating of 3111 cases of complaints registered in the labor office of Isfahan city, 13 factors were identified that affecting labor and employer complaints in Isfahan city. These factors were analyzed using interpretive structural modeling approach and were classified into three levels. Legal gaps and poor employee and employer information were at their lowest level and had a high influence on other factors. Nine factors, including downsizing, layoffs, resignations, closures, unemployment insurance, employer mismanagement, workers' dissatisfaction with working conditions, the employment of foreign nationals, and employer violations of law enforcement, were at the top of the model and are most dependent on other factors. Finally, exchange rate instability, Employer violation in enforcing the rules, and the advice of profiteers and non-experts are in the middle level of the model and play a mediating role between level 1 and level 3 factors. This model can provide the appropriate policy in the field of labor relations for responsible organizations.

The employment of different age groups is one of the main topics among the policy makers. The government has always been seeking ways in the social welfare system to provide job opportunities for the young people. One way is to change the age of retirement. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of retirement age on employment and unemployment. The study uses the two-stage constant elasticity of substitution function and nonlinear estimation to analyze the replacement of the young labor in the Iranian labor market from 2005 to 2018 and the effect of retirement age change on the employment of different age groups. The findings indicate that the substitution rate of young labor in the Iranian labor market was 42 percent, and thus, as 100 people get retired, only 42 individuals get employed. Therefore, the policy of retirement age change was not very much influential. Also, considering the fact that the social welfare system is salary-based and its budget is based on current payment, these policies may challenge the financial sustainability of the social welfare system.

Today, due to the declining trend of public welfare in the country, it is important to the government, especially the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare, as the responsible body of public welfare, to implement appropriate strategies and programs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design a public welfare model based on good governance in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. This study is applied, developmental in terms of purpose and is considered a descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method. In the qualitative stage, the theme analysis methodology was used and in the quantitative stage, the structural equation modeling was employed. In the qualitative stage, in order to design a framework, 20 academic and executive experts were interviewed who were purposefully selected. Based on the findings, 5 dimensions of economic, cultural, health, social, and happiness were identified for public welfare. As well, 9 strategies, based on good governance to promote public welfare, were identified to be implemented by Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. In the quantitative stage, to validate the research model, 216 managers and specialists in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare were surveyed with a questionnaire, for which the Cochran's formula was used and the random sampling method was employed. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings confirmed the components of the research model. Moreover, the results showed that the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare can improve public welfare in various dimensions of the model using strategies based on good governance.

In recent decades, social capital has emerged as one of the most important management topics among thinkers in various branches of social sciences and humanities. The purpose of this study is to manage and study the role of social and civil capital on the formation of social and labor capital to create a dynamic and active business in the country. This research was applied in terms of purpose and in a descriptive method, the information of the study population was collected and analyzed using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The statistical population of this study was the contractors of Khatam al-Anbiya (438 people), which according to Morgan table, at least a sample of 190 people was determined, but according to the predictions made about unacceptable questionnaires, A total of 230 questionnaires were distributed, of which 217 questionnaires were returned as acceptable. In this study, the sample was selected and tested by available sampling method and the results of testing the hypotheses of this study using structural equations and LISREL software, indicated that civil social capital has a significant role in the formation. Social capital employs manpower.

The labor market is one of four major markets in the economy which is important because of its special feature. In the present study long-term effects of various macroeconomic shocks on the unemployment rate during the years 1974-2016 has been investigated using the Structural Vector Error Correction Model (SVECM). On the basis of the estimated equation, real wages have a direct relationship with productivity and employment and an indirect relationship with the unemployment rate. Impulse response analysis showed that among the shocks, productivity and supply shocks have a larger impact on unemployment, so that productivity shocks in the long run reduces the unemployment rate and the positive supply shock leads to a higher unemployment. According to the results of analyzing unemployment prediction error variance, labor supply shock, productivity and labor demand are important factors in long-term unemployment. But the most important factor in unemployment is the supply shocks that this share increases over time.

This study was performed with aim of the management competency model with emphasis on postmodern change management (case study: ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare).20 managers of the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare were selected based on the purposeful sampling with maximum difference. Semi-structured interview was done and the questionnaire of postmodern change management was conducted. Articles and books related to the management in postmodern organizations, national websites of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare and job description of managers in the ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Welfare Social were studied. Management-Organizational competencies, Work place Competencies, Social Competencies and Personal Effectiveness Competencies were defined base on content analysis method. Postmodern Managerial competencies were divided to 20 axis competencies and 81 secondary competencies were divided. Validity and reliability of the model was confirmed at the end of research.

present research has been accomplished to present an infra-structural model of human resource management proportional to teleworking in the country's public organizations. It is an applied research in terms of purpose and considering data gathering method, it is a descriptive one and in correlation type and has been done in survey method. Present research is a kind of exploratory mixed research plans. Therefore, the first part of research has been done with no hypothesis. At the first phase, statistical universe of the research contains 20 of expert and elite people in management area including experienced managers of administrative system and management professors familiar to teleworking subject that were selected through snowball sampling method. Thematic analysis was used to analyze and coding interviews by MAXQDA2 software. After achieving the model, in quantitative part, five hypotheses were defined and to test them, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among responsible experts, line managers of ministry of cooperatives, labor and social welfare and also presidency human capital and management development department. Using structural equations modeling, the relationship between elements was studied. The results show that all hypotheses were confirmed and there is a significant and positive relationship between culture, technology and strategy. Thus, it is suggested to managers and in-charge people to take an action for strengthening necessary infrastructures for each elements regarding basic content and extracted codes of present study and in addition, future researchers can extend the test domain of teleworking human resource management infrastructural model in terms of subject and position in other organizations choosing strategic approach

The scientific identification of production growth resources is among the requirements of getting access to sustainable and endogenous economic growth. According to Solow growth model، the economic growth is generated by means of a couple of resources، i. e. the growth in production resources and the growth in productivity resources. This research takes the data of Iranian production industries within 2000-2007 on the basis of international industrial standard two-digit codes through panel data approach and uses production function estimation in order to identify the production resources in the industrial sector as well as to determine the total factor productivity status of production resources. According to the results of the study، Iranian industries’ growth during the period was 12. 34 percent، out of which 16. 6 percent was owing to the total factor productivity growth in the sector; 69 percent of the growth belonged to the labor growth while 13. 5 percent was a result of the growth in capital assets.