product characteristics

foreign products with the moderating role of product characteristics. This research is practical in terms of purpose and survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research includes consumers of foreign products in the city of Ardabil, due to the unlimited statistical population, the sample size was estimated to be 384 people, of which 288 people were able to complete the questionnaire. As mentioned, the data collection tool is a questionnaire that was distributed face-to-face. Structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis, and SPSS and LISREL software were used to analyze the data. It is worth mentioning that the research results showed that nationalism has a positive and significant effect on consumer hostility. In addition, the negative and significant relationship between consumer hostility and consumption behavior of foreign products was also confirmed. Finally, it should be noted that although trust does not have a moderating role in the relationship between consumer hostility and consumption behavior of foreign products, perceived quality and perceived price (cost) play a moderating role in the relationship between consumer hostility and consumption behavior of foreign products.

This study aims to create and develop an approach for the design and gradual delivery of the product in the shortest time and through the balance of the elements of technological readiness, the need statement document, and the characteristics of the product in large and complex air systems.

Design/methodology/approach:

 In this study, the balancing process has been carried out using three stages of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD). In the first stage, product specifications have been prioritized using customer needs. In the second stage, product specifications have been prioritized based on the specifications of the first stage. In the third stage, the required technologies have been prioritized using the specifications of the product in the second stage. To conduct the research, industry experts who were in the unit related to the desired product provided the necessary data. Out of the 10 experts in that unit, seven have collaborated in the design and implementation of the model and three have approved the model. Finally, the discussion model was approved by the company's high committee.

After extracting the priorities of technologies, the final meeting of the QFD group was held with the presence of expert designers and the operator's representative. In this meeting, the process of using QFD and the obtained results were discussed. Then, using the scores obtained for the technologies (priority value) level of technological readiness for each of the product technologies and the approaches of designing, producing and delivering the primary, intermediate and final products were determined. The results of product prioritization based on technology development were also approved by the high committee.

Research limitations/implications:

 In this research, the balance of technological readiness, a document of requirement statement, and product characteristics in the design management of macro systems of defence air base products were analyzed by QFD. There was a need to check if there were other tools for balancing. Also, the scope of this study was limited to product design, and it is necessary to extend the balance to the entire life cycle of the product. In this research, the researchers faced with challenges due to the lack of familiarity with the elites or complete and sufficient research and training of the elites and managers of the country's research and defence industries. Also, the lack of managerial approaches to system and standard design and the integration of the approaches communicated by the regulatory and standardization centres of the country on the system design of large and complex products were the other limitations of this research.

Practical implications: 

The model proposed in this research made it possible to produce large and complex products in the aviation industry due to the existence of restrictions. On the other hand, the gradual design, production, and delivery of big products made the products suitable for the user's scene to be designed and produced first. While maintaining the quality of the product, the time to obtain the products should also be reduced.Social implications: Acquiring large and complex products in the country will accelerate the country's development.

Originality/value:

 The design and production of large and complex products based on technology development with a gradual product delivery approach using QFD is one of the innovations of this research. The application of the proposed approach will resolve some of the problems related to the design of large products in different areas.

While the contributions of online technologies to tourism industry and consumers have been largely researched, little research attention has been paid to the possible negative aspects, such consumer confusion in the website. Consumer confusion has negative consequences such as abandon the purchase that is the worst case for tourism website. The purpose of this study was to identify and investigate the potential antecedents of consumer’s online confusion focusing on online purchasing tourism products. Data for this study were collected through questionnaires from 382 tourism website users that buy tourism product from this website and Structural Equation Modeling was used in order to test model using smart PLS software. The findings confirm the influence of individual characteristics, website characteristics and services and product characteristics on consumers’ confusion. The main recommendation of this research is that the marketers and managers of the website should concentrate on security of the site and improve it.

The carpet industry is one the oldest industries in Iran and like every other industries، paying attention to consumers'' needs is a vital factor. Therefore، always many courses of action have been used for understanding the voice of customers. Many researchers have studied to improve these solutions. Quality function deployment (QFD) is one of the famous ways to understand the voice of customer (VOC). Some of the researchers have investigated to boost the QFD technique and the integrated model of QFD with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is one of their findings. Beside many modifications in this model، there are some deficiencies. So، in this research we use the modified model of QFD and AHP to know the desires of carpet customers. This research is done in Shayesteh Carpet Company located in Kashan city. The research aim is to study the product design and development. The necessary data has been gathered via some interviews and questionnaires from QFD team as well as the customers. Moreover، the first two matrixes of four matrixes QFD have been applied. The findings demonstrate some desires important to customers such as carpet lifetime and fixed quality in washing. Also، the product development matrix showed that the high of pile and weft have high significance.