supply chain management

Supply chains increasingly rely on information technology and real-time updates within networks. Emerging technologies, integral to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, view the intelligent supply chain as a crucial component. Smart technology, with its unique blend of advanced features, has immense potential to transform supply chain operations from inception to performance enhancement. This fusion includes concepts such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, virtual reality, augmented reality, extended reality, blockchain, and more. These intelligent technologies facilitate supply chain monitoring by tracking equipment and processes. This research aimed to design a balanced implementation strategy for smart technology in supply chain management using a descriptive approach.
 
To achieve this feat, data were collected through a purposeful and criteria-based sampling method, involving university-educated experts in business management across various marketing, strategic, and e-commerce fields. A semi-structured interview format and thematic analysis were employed to analyze the data. The qualitative section included 11 participants, based on theoretical saturation. SWOT analysis was utilized to examine the internal and external factors influencing the supply chain. Subsequently, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to rank and determine the impact of each factor based on the qualitative results.
 
The research findings identified and categorized concepts into four central criteria within a SWOT matrix: opportunity, strength, weakness, and threat, along with 28 sub-criteria. The results indicated that, among the opportunity themes, the highest priority was given to the synchronization of material, financial, and informational flow management, with a weight of 0.517. For the strength themes, ensuring transparency in the interaction among supply chain participants was the top priority, with a weight of 0.80. Within the weakness themes, the increase in costs due to the implementation of smart technology was the most significant, with a weight of 0.557. As for the threat themes, the absence of a global standard to ensure supply chain security was the primary concern, with a weight of 0.460. Consequently, these insights guided the ideation process and the development of a comprehensive strategy for managing, developing, and enhancing smart technology in supply chain management.
 
The study's findings confirm the high potential of smart technologies to optimize supply chain management. Implementing a systematic approach enables the evaluation of perspectives (advantages and challenges) and their integrated application. The development of alternative strategies stems from this systematic approach, which involves comprehensive studies of external and internal factors, their interrelationships, and the assessment of opportunities and potential threats. This paper significantly enriches the current marketing literature by demonstrating how smart technologies enhance supply chain management, addressing an issue previously overlooked in research.

Supply chain management by choosing, combining and implementing lean and agile approaches is one of the fundamental challenges of managers due to the conflicts and different strategies of each and on the other hand their synergy. The current research has been carried out with the aim of developing a system for choosing lean and agile approaches in the supply chain, and it consists of two stages. In the qualitative stage, with the approach of content analysis and review of literature and research background, factors influencing the selection of agile and lean approaches have been collected. The process of data collection and coding has been carried out in a zigzag manner and at the same time until reaching theoretical saturation. Finally, these codes are classified in 17 groups and in 4 general levels of environmental factors, organization-related factors, product-related factors, and performance factors. In the quantitative stage and using the system dynamics method, using the factors obtained from the first stage and the strategies of lean and agile approaches, a model has been presented to evaluate the performance and choose the appropriate strategies in different conditions. By using the system dynamics of cause and effect models and state-flow drawn and model evaluation test, structure evaluation and sensitivity analysis have also been done to verify the validity of the model. Finally, different scenarios have been simulated and analyzed in this model. The presented dynamic model is able to examine specific strategies of lean and agile approaches in different conditions and finally provide certain degrees of lean and agility. The information required for modeling and simulating the model has been collected from the Yazd Tire Industry Complex.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of supply chain quality management on the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs, considering the mediating role of information technology. The statistical population of the study included 168 head coaches, coaches, and executive staff working in the Premier League volleyball clubs. According to Cochran’s formula, a sample of 120 individuals was selected. The sampling method employed in this study was simple random sampling. The research method was descriptive-survey, and the measurement tools included the Supply Chain Management Questionnaire, the Information Systems Questionnaire, the Organizational Structure Questionnaire, and the Organizational Performance Questionnaire, whose internal reliability had been confirmed in domestic studies (α > 0.78). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS software (P ≤ 0.05). In the descriptive analysis of the data, demographic characteristics were thoroughly examined. In the inferential statistics section, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the path analysis of the research model indicated that the supply chain quality management variable had a significant and direct effect on the variables of supply chain performance, service supply chain management on organizational structure, service supply chain management on information technology, and organizational structure onperformance and information technology. Furthermore, the mediating role of the information technology variable in the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs was confirmed.

The purpose of the present study is to identify factors affecting the delivery points, risk transfer and costs in international commerce with emphasis on Incoterms 2020. The research method is applicable-operational in terms of its purpose, and mixed (qualitative) and exploratory research in terms of implementation. The statistical population in the qualitative sector consisted of 12 academic experts and experts in the field of international commerce, international transportation and Incoterms, selected by targeted sampling and snowball; and statistical population consists of 10 experts in the field of commerce. Data collection tools were semi-structural interview in the qualitative section, and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative section. The study was conducted in two stages, including the data-based method and the Delphi technique. Maxqda20 software was used to analyze the qualitative data, and SPSS software in the qualitative part. The results in the qualitative section showed that 7 effective factors, 13 components, 11 strategies, and 2 consequences were identified and extracted. In the quantitative section, 33 effective factors were identified in the four stages of the Delphi interview technique. These findings will be able to provide a tool for senior executives of international interactions in effective planning for the use of Incoterms Regulations to optimize delivery points, risk transfer and costs in international supply chain management, given the buyer and seller's relationships in transboundary transactions.

The emergence of industry 4.0 and the globalization of the supply chain has caused the supply chains to be more exposed to crises and disruptions. One of the concepts that can be a solution in this regard is resilience and how to design and implement strategies related to it. In this regard, emerging technologies Industry 4.0 can lead the way. The purpose of this applied and mixed exploratory research is to examine the dimensions of supply chain resilience with a focus on technology in sharing economy businesses.

The participants of the qualitative part of the research were 13 people from sharing economy business experts who were selected by the snowball method. The statistical population of the quantitative part was also 71 managers and experts who were selected in a purposeful and accessible way. In this research, data have been collected with the library method by reviewing articles, books and theses, and then a researcher-made questionnaire. in the qualitative part, using meta-synthesis and Delphi method with Excel and SPSS software, and in the quantitative part, data has been analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with the method of partial least squares and Smart-PLS software.

Findings of this research include 64 extracted codes that are grouped into 4 factors. Organizational-cultural factor with 14 indicators, environmental-market factor with 17 indicators, technology factor with 13 indicators and supply chain factor with 20 indicators have been obtained. According to the results of the research, the supply chain factor has the greatest impact on the resilience of the supply chain, followed by the cultural-organizational factor and the technology factor, and finally, the environmental-market factor has the least impact. According to these results, it is suggested that increase coordination and cooperation among supply chain factors.

Nowadays, the established advances in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) have been integrated with the concepts of Industry 4.0. The present study develops a new decision-making model to consider sustainability criteria and Industry 4.0 with the aim of supplier assessment.

The proposed approach consists of the Fuzzy Ordinal Priority Approach (F-OPA), and the research case study is Dena Rubber Company. To form the expert committee, the snowball sampling method has been used. In general, the proposed approach in this research includes two main phases. In the first phase, 13 factors related to supplier evaluation have been identified and classified into three aspects namely economic, social, and environmental. In the second phase, by using the F-OPA, the global rank and weights of criteria, sub-criteria, and suppliers have been determined.

Based on the obtained results, the environmental, economic, and social criteria have been considered the most important aspects of supplier evaluation respectively. In addition, “price”, “Research & development (R&D) in environmental issues using Industry 4.0 technologies” and “Environmental-friendly materials” have been specified as the most substantial sub-criteria in assessing sustainable suppliers. Finally, it has been depicted that supplier 1 is the best one among the alternatives and has acquired high performance in terms of sustainability criteria.

In this study, an effective framework for sustainable supplier selection problems (SSSPs) based on the concept of Industry 4.0 in the supply chain network is presented. Managers of similar businesses can use the proposed framework to assess their suppliers.the obtained results can be used as a guide for the supply chain of the Rubber manufacturers, so that in the long term, this matter can help reduce costs, save resources, and reduce environmental impacts.

The aim of the current research is to provide a model of factors affecting the implementation of green supply chain management in the construction industry. This research was conducted using a mixed approach. The current research design is the analysis of hidden content and the target community, managers and contractors active in the construction industry and familiar with the supply chain of this industry, and the purposeful sampling method was used. For modeling, the structural-interpretive method was used, and finally, the power of penetration and the degree of dependence of the factors were determined by using Mick-Mac analysis. In order to identify the components of the research, first, a meta-combination approach and a systematic search of sources were used in the period between 1392 and 1402 for internal research and between 2013 and 2023 for external research, and then semi-structured interviews with 14 experts were used. Based on the findings of the research, 101 primary codes were extracted in 14 categories including: internal environmental management, green technology, reverse logistics, green purchasing, green design, green construction, green transportation, green human resources management, green marketing management, internal and external obstacles and drivers. and green supply chain management performance were classified. Also, the modeling results have shown a five-level model in which internal and external drivers and obstacles were placed as the most influential variables in the fifth level and the green supply chain management performance variable as the most influential variable in the first level.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of supply chain quality management on the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs, with the mediating role of organizational structure. 

The research was descriptive-survey in nature, and the statistical population consisted of head coaches, coaches, and operational staff of the Iranian Premier League volleyball clubs. A total of 120 participants were selected through simple random sampling. The research tools included the Supply Chain Management Questionnaire by Mahmoudzadeh (2012), the Organizational Structure Questionnaire by Robbins (1989), and the Organizational Performance Questionnaire by Shafiei et al. (2013). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and AMOS software. 

The results of the path analysis showed that supply chain quality management has a significant impact on the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs. The mediating role of organizational structure in this relationship was also confirmed. Additionally, the use of information technology as a reinforcing factor increased the positive effect of supply chain management on club performance. Fan satisfaction was significantly improved through better supply chain management and organizational structure. 

The findings indicate that supply chain quality management and organizational structure are two key factors in improving the performance of Premier League volleyball clubs. The use of information technology further enhances the positive effects of supply chain management. Sports managers should utilize these factors to increase efficiency and fan satisfaction.

The electricity sector plays a crucial role in the country's economy. Therefore, any disruptions in the supply chain of this industry can result in the loss of economic benefits and decrease the competitiveness of industries dependent on this sector. The industry structure analysis of the electricity sector has shown that the lack of proper relationships between entities involved in the supply of goods and equipment leads to disruptions in the electricity supply chain. On the other hand, the specific political and economic conditions of the country, the presence of natural disasters, and high levels of change in the Middle East region have had significant impacts on increasing uncertainty at various levels of the supply chain in this sector. Considering the high uncertainty in the procurement of components in this industry, this study focuses on presenting a set of scenarios for replenishing goods in the supply chain entities of this sector. To achieve this, a probabilistic four-echelon model consisting of a supplier, distributor, retailer, and customer was presented to minimize total inventory costs and the ratio of unmet customer demand based on the (R, Q) policy. Furthermore, by searching organizational documents, interviewing industry experts, and utilizing warehouse management software, data for the model was collected. Subsequently, through experimental design, initial solutions were provided for the differential evolutionary algorithm, and based on this algorithm, different values for reorder points and order quantities were determined. By employing simulation methods, the model's objective values were estimated, and the set of solutions was illustrated in a Pareto chart. Research findings have shown that increasing the average inventory levels of retailers' warehouses leads to a decrease in the proportion of unmet customer demand. This occurs when different reorder point values for two retailers have high levels, but considering the probabilistic demand function, the order quantity can vary. On the other hand, reducing ordering and inventory costs leads to an increase in unmet customer demand. In other words, when reorder point values and low order quantities lead to inventory reduction, customer dissatisfaction increases. The Differential Evolution Algorithm used in this study has accelerated the process of finding solutions and improved model efficiency. This algorithm considers values between high and low levels of reorder points and order quantities, presenting multiple objective function values. Utilizing simulation methods to estimate the probabilistic objective functions employed in the model has increased the speed of executing multiple scenarios, aiding in cost reduction and model execution time. Based on the results of this research, electric equipment with high innovation should have a low reorder point and a high order quantity in the supply chain. This is because the short product lifespan renders the product obsolete along the chain, lacking customer demand and consequently increasing the chain's costs. The computational results of this study indicate that a 105% increase in inventory leads to a 104% increase in customer satisfaction and a 95% decrease in lost sales costs. However, considering the high purchasing costs and large product volume during ordering, a scenario aligned with financial conditions and warehouse capacity should be selected for chain entities.

Today, due to the competitive environment of the market, cooperation in the form of supply chain networks is necessary for the survival of businesses, and for efficient and effective cooperation between members, there is a need for coherent management of the supply chain. To realize this, there is a need for continuous coordination between supply chain performance on the one hand and market expectations on the other hand. One of the methods of maintaining this coordination is the continuous redesign of the supply chain network over time. In the supply chain network redesign problem, the goal is to improve an existing supply chain, while in the supply chain network design problem, a new supply chain is created from scratch. in real conditions; Often, the problem of redesigning the supply chain is more widely used than the problem of designing the supply chain, while in the literature, the vast majority of researches are focused on designing a supply chain from scratch. One of the decisions of the redesign problem that has been hidden from the attention of researchers is the decision to change the use of supply chain facilities. in other words; Changing the facility layer in the supply chain is considered as a new decision.

The decision to change the use of facilities in the traditional supply chain problem is challenging, because it changes not only the network flows but also the network structure (topology). Changing the basic structure of the supply chain network is a non-linear problem. In this research, an innovative innovation has been used to face this challenge, by first changing the perspective of the supply chain network from a traditional layered network to a rotating network and then presenting Innovative mathematical modeling based on the innovative perspective of the rotating supply chain network.

Redesigning the supply chain network with the possibility of changing the usage of facilities due to changes in the network structure is a non-linear problem. In this research, by changing the perspective and creating innovative variables and constraints, a linear mixed integer multi-period programming model has been presented for the problem. Also, in this model, the transition mode of changing the usage of facilities from one layer to another layer is considered, and achieving this capability is one of the amazing results of using the innovative perspective of the rotating network of the supply chain. This model was solved using an example in GAMS software with the CPLEX method, and MATLAB software has been used to show the results of this model and an innovative view of the supply chain.

In the past, supply chain managers faced with the decision to change the usage of facilities in the supply chain network due to the limitations of the traditional layer view for mathematical modeling and optimal redesign of the network under their management. They have faced a challenge, which now the managers have the possibility to face it with the help of this innovative model and changing the perspective towards the supply chain network. As a management proposal, we can point out the need to use the principles of optimization and supply chain management as a new management approach and paradigm. At the strategic level of the supply chain, due to its wide nature and dimensions, the amount of costs is high and small improvements in it will lead to a significant competitive advantage increase for the supply chain under management. for this reason; Chain managers are advised to use the model presented in this article for chains in which it is possible to change the use of facilities, to improve the chain under their management.

Various evidence suggests that blockchain technology in the supply chain can significantly improve the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and provide a foundation for sustainable advancement. Studies indicate that blockchain can enhance transparency and timely provision of information, improving decision-making processes and management of sustainable supply chains. Therefore, this study, adopting a mixed-methods approach, first identifies the success factors for implementing blockchain in sustainable supply chain management through content analysis of existing texts and then uses a descriptive correlational method to design an interpretive structural framework. Participants in the field portion of this research included 15 experts (academics and managers with industrial experience). The results indicate that support from senior management and effective planning and implementation is at the forefront as key success factors for the technology in the supply chains of SMEs. Government support and proper management of financial constraints are subsequent levels that will lead to enhancing infrastructure and strengthening organizational culture. Based on the findings, to bolster the identified success factors of blockchain technology in the supply chain, implementing innovative tools such as gamification is recommended, as these tools can improve user experience, increase participation, and motivate activities.

The evaluation and selection of suppliers is a crucial issue in supply chain management. This problem has grown increasingly uncertain due to the influence of imprecise parameters, and various tools have been proposed for weighting criteria and evaluating supplier scores for each criterion. Neutrosophic numbers, a modern tool for handling uncertainty, ambiguity, and inconsistency, are introduced to tackle such challenges. As the most comprehensive form of non-classical logic after fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy logic, Neutrosophic logic assigns degrees of membership, non-membership, and hesitation independently between zero and one. In this research, the quality function deployment (QFD) technique is developed in a Neutrosophic environment to identify and weigh supplier evaluation criteria. Additionally, the Neutrosophic EDAS approach is proposed for selecting top suppliers. A numerical study of the pharmaceutical industry demonstrates that geographical location and supplier experience are the two most critical criteria, and the second supplier is chosen as the best.

Todays, new technologies are a potential factor to improve the performance of the supply chain. The use of these technologies can help companies improve their performance in the supply chain as a competitive advantage. One of these emerging technologies is the Internet of Things. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Internet of Things on chain management.

This research is applied from the point of view of the objective and descriptive survey from the point of view of data collection. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research consists of 220 people from the managers of the first company, of which 160 people participated in the research as a sample. In order to analyze the data through confirmatory factor analysis using Amos, SPASS software was used.

The obtained results indicate the impact of Internet of Things on supply chain management. Also, this effect on all four main dimensions of the supply chain includes; distribution network, distribution strategy, information flow and inventory management.

The Internet of Things has an impact on the organization of the distribution network and increases the speed of information circulation, which makes it possible to manage the inventory effectively, and accordingly, the distribution strategies can be adjusted and implemented accordingly.

The Purpose of this Research is to Investigate the Practical Effect of Artificial Intelligence in the Direction of Implementing an Agile Supply Chain. This Research is Applied and Descriptive, and the Statistical Population Includes Technology Experts of Private Companies in Isfahan, and the Sample size is Estimated to be 92 People Through the Karjesi-Morgan Table. Random Sampling Method is Simple and Data Collection is Done Through Questionnaire. Data Analysis was Done Through Structural Equation Modeling With Partial Least Squares Approach and Smart PLS and SPSS Software.The Research Findings Indicate that Efficient Artificial Intelligence Techniques Have a Positive and Significant Impact on the Implementation of Agile Supply Chain. Also, According to the Obtained Results, Learning and Extracting Patterns, Reasoning and Choosing Patterns, and Self-Correction and Setting Patterns Also have a Positive and Significant Effect on the Implementation of Agile Supply Chain. The Ability of Organizations to Respond to Competitive Challenges and to Maintain Competitive Advantages is a Key Success Factor in Today's Global Markets.

relationship management has a tremendous impact on all aspects of the supply chain and the development of new products, as well as its performance level. In many cases, information systems and technology required for supply chain management activities are readily available and can be completed and deployed in a relatively short period of time. However, many of the initial failures in the development of new products are the result of poor transfer of expectations and the result of behaviors that occur among the parties involved in the chain. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design a model of communication with suppliers in line with value co-creation in Abadan Oil Refining Company.

The current research is a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research, in terms of developing goal and based on the foundational data theory with the Strauss and Corbin method, which includes coding on three levels, open, central and selective, using semi-structured interviews with 21 Participants, and the homogeneity has been obtained in a small part by fitting it with Lisrel software.

Based on the done coding, the indicators and components have been presented in the form of a conceptual model and the model has been explained after confirming the validity and reliability.

based on the obtained model, communication with suppliers in line with value co-creation as a central and main phenomenon by applying strategic partnership strategies, empowering and reducing the risk of suppliers, determining the level and importance of suppliers in the context of background factors, while considering the effects of intervening variables such as legal requirements, industry characteristics and environmental factors and causal variables including organizational structure, communication tools, organizational platform for rational decision-making and positive results for suppliers and beneficiaries as well as effective value co-creation and it should happen continuously.

Today, by adopting a circular approach, organizations can reduce the flow of materials, products, and environmental waste caused by supply chain practices. Therefore, circular supply chain management is one of the appropriate methods to reduce issues such as pollution, resource depletion, and environmental problems. Despite these advantages, the implementation of the circular economy in the supply chain faces numerous challenges. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the challenges of implementing circular supply chain management in Premium Band Company. In terms of results, this research is considered part of applied-developmental research. In the first stage of the research, the challenges of implementing the circular economy were identified and categorized using a systematic approach. This involved reviewing literature and articles published from 2000 to 2022 and employing the qualitative content analysis method. This process resulted in the design of a model, which included 33 challenges across six dimensions: legal and regulatory, market, social, organizational, technological, and financial and economic challenges. In the second stage, the importance of these challenges was determined using the Hesitant Fuzzy Topsis method, based on the opinions of 10 experts from Premium Band Company through a questionnaire. The findings reveal that challenges such as a lack of financial resources, insufficient budget, inadequate support and commitment from top management, absence of a circular supply chain management structure, and a shortage of skilled labor are the most significant obstacles in the implementation of circular supply chain management.

Disruption in the supply chain is an event that disrupts the normal flow of goods and services in the production process, and this issue can have negative consequences on the performance of the operation, financial and market areas of businesses. Managing these risks, that is, making the supply chain resilient, is one of the current and future challenges of organizations. The food industry is one of the industries that both in terms of the extent of the regional and global market, has the aspect of export and foreign exchange and employment creation, and in terms of the scope of food consumption in the country, it is considered important and valuable as necessary and relatively necessary goods for ensuring food security. This study is aimed at identifying the most important factors affecting the resilience of the supply chain of Kale company in a 10-year horizon (as one of the active companies in the country's food industry) and to discover the future scenarios, the   company is facing in the field of supply chain resilience. The research in terms of goal is exploratory, in terms of audience is applied and in terms of time is cross- sectional. The data collected through semi- structured interviews and questionnaire. In this research we used the new futuristic knowledge of   exploratory structural   analysis methods. The data was collected through a semi-structured interviews and questionnaire.   We also used structural analysis to analyze data with the help of Mic Mac   software, and for scenario analysis and its compilation, Scenario Vizard software was used. The research results show, the 6 key strategic factors that are influential on the resilience of the supply chain of Kale Dairy Company are: economic, environmental, technological, social, political and internal organizational. The results of Scenario Wizard also showed 211 scenarios with weak probability of occurrence, 7 plausible scenarios and 2 scenarios with strong probability to occur. Finally, several strategies are also provided.