supply chain risk

Researchers have been pursuing for a long time to understand how supply chain risks affect the financial performance of companies, yet, they cannot claim this in their theoretical and empirical studies The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between supply chain risks and the financial performance of the company. Using survey data and financial statements, we investigate how supply chain risks affect the firm financial performance from the perspective of marginal financial performance(MFP). The findings regarding the importance of industry-specific risk, organizational risk, internal business process risk, and demand risk are consistent with previous studies. We found that demand risk has a final marginal financial performance (MFP) of -0.20, which is the highest negative impact among risk variables. The findings also show that industry-specific risk has a final marginal financial performance (MFP) of -0.16. Although there is no direct impact on financial performance, it is a second negative impact. We also do not assume that the reported estimates of marginal financial performance apply to all businesses in other countries. However, future research can expand our findings. This study combines survey and property data to analyze how supply chain risks affect firm's financial performance. In particular, it provides a method to estimate quantitative causal relationships between supply chain risk and firm financial performance, which has received less attention in supply chain management research.

This research examines the impact of supply chain 4.0 and advanced financing strategies on organizational performance in the export sector of the food industry. We focus on the pivotal role of supply chain risk, which acts as an intermediary. The fast-paced and complex nature of the current business landscape presents organizations with multiple supply chain management challenges. Studying 133 dynamic supply chains, we used SMARTPLS3 software to analyze the data. Key findings show the significant impact of modern financial practices and supply chain 4.0 technologies on supply chain risks. This study confirms that supply chain 4.0 enhances organizational performance, but this improvement significantly depends on its interaction with supply chain risks. This emphasizes the importance of risk management in exploiting the full potential of the technologies used in the supply chain. Furthermore, while supply chain risk directly affects organizational performance, its role as a mediator between supply chain financing and performance is not as influential. This insight shifts the focus to stand-alone risk management strategies rather than seeing them simply as intermediaries. Our findings provide valuable guidance for the food export industry and highlight the need to integrate advanced technologies and financial strategies, with a strong emphasis on risk management. This study not only enriches the understanding of Supply Chain 4.0 but also serves as a strategic plan for supply chain professionals in the food industry and improves organizational performance.

This study aims to investigate the unique features of the food supply chain, examining the impact of food supply chain integration, consisting of internal integration, supplier and customer, the quality of food products and product innovation capability. Managers need to understand the importance of supplier and customer integration when responding to supply chain risk and company uncertainty. The data were collected from 168 managers active in the food industry in Tehran province. The partial least squares tool (SmartPLS 3.0) was used to analyze the data using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The results show that there is a strong relationship between uncertainty and supply chain integration including customer, supplier and internal integration. The findings indicate that customer integration and supplier integration are critical factors in improving product quality in the food supply chain. The results can be related to the prominent role of customer relations and contact in the development of innovation capabilities in manufactured products, which has also been approved by some previous studies. Additionally, analyzing the various dimensions of supply chain integration separately revealed that internal integration is a capability factor for external integration. This study can help businesses in the food industry understand the value-creating roles of food supply chain integration and provide valuable guidance for them to decide how to meet the various challenges and manage food supply chain integration in order to improve product quality and product innovation capability.

Risk in the supply chain refers to uncertain or unpredictable events that can occur at any point in the supply chain and negatively affect the performance or profitability of the supply chain. Food supply chain is one of the basic needs and nutrition of employees working in defense organizations; for this reason, the organization is somehow forced to provide food. The impact of the risks of the supply chain of food items in the current conditions of the country, i.e. the conditions of sanctions, economic crisis and external threats, is more prominent.

In this research, 92 risks were first identified through library studies, and then by conducting interviews and brainstorming sessions with experts in the field of food supply chain risk management, it was reduced to 27 risks. In addition to the risks, their measurement criteria were determined in the same way. Then, experts' opinions were collected with the help of a questionnaire, and finally, the risks were ranked using the Fuzzy Network Analysis Process (FANP) method.FindingThe organization by itself seeks to reduce the costs of the chain, optimize and respond to the needs of the chain. Failure to properly identify and respond to effective risks prevents the organization from reaching the goals of the chain and will result in higher costs.

The first ten risks in the current research, in order, include: low quality of produced items, the presence of sanctions, making wrong decisions, time delay in product delivery, risks, slaughterhouse health problems, inflation and interest rate risk, increasing transportation costs. Transportation, rotting of items, infectious and contagious diseases and bioterrorism were identified as important and superior risks. And in order to adopt a suitable strategy, it was given to the managers.

In the last few years, as the complexity increases, so does the level of uncertainty; Therefore, supply chain risk management is one of the topics that has been considered by organizations. One of the risks existing in the supply chain is the risk of suppliers. This research provides a model for evaluating supply chain risk management, with a focus on a real-world case: SHIFOO food industry. The model used is a combination of Fuzzy Linguistic Computing (FLC) to calculate the risk of factors in accordance with the verbal semantic spectrum, and the VIKOR method to measure the level of importance of these factors. By reviewing the studies and also using the opinions of experts, 5 factors of available capacity, lack of trust to the company, lack of skilled staff and distance between the supplier and organization were identified as factors affecting risk creation in the supply chain. Then, by using the modified two-tuple FLC (Fuzzy Linguistic Computing) model, the food supply chain risk of SHIFOO was obtained between "low" and "medium" options. Finally, by using the supply chain risk gap analysis technique, it was found that inability of supplier for provide a certain number of raw materials has importance risk among other criteria.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk in the supply chain with financial constraints and financial performance. The statistical population of this study is the managers, accountants and financial experts of companies active in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the field of food that are active in 1399. This research is based on the structural equation model in which the supply chain risk variable includes four components of supplier risk, producer risk and distributor risk and end customer risk, financing constraint variable includes price and non-price constraints and The financial performance variable has three components: cost management, risk management and value management. These questionnaires were sent randomly to 230 people, out of which 201 questionnaires that were fully answered all questions were returned. Using the equations of structure and software of Emos, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed and the hypotheses of this research were evaluated and evaluated. The results of this study show that risk in the supply chain is related to financial constraints and financial performance and the relationship between supply chain risk and financial performance is negative and significant and positively and significantly related to financial constraints.

This study aims at understanding the antecedents of supply chain operational risk faced by firms and the conditions under which such risks can be mitigated. Using structural equation modeling, we investigate the relationships between environmental uncertainty and supply chain risk and the moderating effect of supply chain flexibility. We identify appropriate types of flexibility to mitigate the three major aspects of supply chain risk: supply risk, manufacturing process risk and delivery risk. Our empirical investigation reveals that uncertainty in the supply chain leads to don’t be high supply chain risk; and in uncertain environments, supply and manufacturing flexibility dont help in reducing the supply and manufacturing process risks respectively. However, our results also indicate that, in emerging markets such as iran where logistic infrastructure is less developed, internal capabilities alone may not be sufficient in reducing supply understanding of the types of flexibility that can mitigate supply chain risk in different business environments.chain delivery risk. Our findings not only contribute towards filling certain gaps in the supply chain risk management literature, but also provide practicing managers and researchers a better .

One of the persistent and basic questions of the organizational research literature is why some organizations outperform others. The answer can be found in supply chain management. Given the new concepts of supply chain management and similar concepts that result in a higher cooperation and closer relationships between a firm and its suppliers, nowadays, suppliers and clients are no longer considered as competitors of the organization, but rather as members of a larger groups known as supply chain. Each member in the chain aims at maximizing the profitability and improving the total performance of the chain (Perez-Franco et al., 2016). Hatamifar et al. (2017) surveyed the effectiveness of integrated supply chains in hotels to achieve competitive advantages. The three factors of internal integrity, product integrity and customer integrity had positive functions. Santajo Mandal et al. (2017) surveyed the role of the capabilities and integrity of supply chains in the improvement of their flexibility. The risks and uncertainty of a supply chain have become important and interesting subjects for research over the past few years. Supply chain risk is a potential incident that might prevent the normal flow of materials and information within the chain. It is, therefore, a disruption in the function of the supply chain. The main feature of a supply chain is connectivity of its members so that the risk of one member can be transmitted to other members. When one supplier declares bankruptcy, for instance, not only its business but also all the other members of the supply chain are affected.

A questionnaire was used for data gathering, and the collected data were analyzed based on partial least squares. Given that the structural equation model was used for the data analysis, the sample group size was determined based on the relevance between the number of the statements and respondents. The relevance was obtained based on the relationship 5 < A < 15. Taking into account that the questionnaire comprised of 83 statements, the sample group size was found to be 793, i.e. nine participants for each statement. A pilot study was also conducted with 20 participants based on which the reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. The structure of the questionnaire is presented in Table 1. To test the research model, a structural equations model was used based on the partial least square approach. Before interpreting the model, we needed to make sure that the model suited our objectives and its results would be reliable by confirming it generally in terms of measurement and structure. Therefore, Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and convergent validity were used (Table 2). By making sure about the suitability of the measurement model, the reliability of the structural model was examined using cv.red and cv.com. Table 1. Structure of the questionnaireVariablesNumber of statementsCronbach’s alphaCompetitive advantage130.824Supply chain risk management320.837Integrity of the whole supply chain320.892Organization performance60.799 Table 2. Total structure reliability and goodness of fitVariablesAVEC.RCronbach’s alphaC.V REDCV. COMCompetitive advantage0.750.9230.8890.750.75Supply chain risk management0.6480.9160.6480.6470.647Integrity of the whole supply chain0.7110.9240.8980.7110.711Organization performance0.8130.9630.9530.1870.802 Finally, since the model was based on partial least square, the total goodness of fit was examined using the GOF index, which was higher than 0.3. So, the general goodness of fit of the model was supported. The index was obtained using the following formula:GOF =  = 0.324(1)Having confirmed the goodness of fit for the model at the three levels of the structural equation model in Smart PLS, the hypotheses were examined.

The results indicated that an improvement in the risk management of a supply chain prepares the ground for the improvement of organizational performance (t = 8.417, β = 0.277). Undoubtedly and as noted, what affects organizational performance is the risk of the supply chain that may deter the improvement of the business performance of the organization and the optimized use of all the resources of the organization toward improved performance. When the risk of the supply chain as a whole increases, the organization fails to make decisions in uncertain situations, which may lead to the inefficiency of the decisions made by the organization and the efforts to steer the organization.

Needless to say, risks may cause loss of performance. On the other hand, the organization can perform more satisfactorily in implementing its decisions when the risk is managed effectively. In this regard, our results are consistent with the findings of Heidari et al. (2016). It was shown that the integrity of a supply chain can be effective in organizational performance (t = 5.966, β = 0.247).The proposed model is a supply chain management model adjusted for the modern environment of the industry in Iran. The features and capabilities of the model make it more flexible and easy to expand so that it can be used in different companies in different industries with different management policies.

One of the inseparable pillars of any field is its risks. Perils are considered synonymous with risk. One of the categories in which risk can have species due to conflict of different actors is supply chain. Therefore, identifying and prioritizing supply chain risks becomes relevant. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate supply chain risk factors. Due to the importance of risks in the supply chain of the power plant industry, the assessment of risk factors of the supply chain of Dalahu power plant was selected. Factors evaluation was performed in three phases of identification, prioritization and analysis.

The method used in this research is fuzzy AHP technique. In order to properly implement the research steps and its high validity, the criteria and sub-criteria proposed and presented by Abdel-Basset and Mohamed (2020) were provided to the experts. Experts validated and selected the final criteria and sub-criteria through adjustment and screening, and reflected the importance of each in pairwise comparisons.

The findings show that the supply chain risks of Dalahu power plant with respect to the weight gained include: financial risks, operational risks, information system risks, environmental system risks and control and planning risks, respectively.

Reducing the financial market share of financial risks, energy loss from environmental risks, failure of production equipment from operational risks, failure of information systems from information risks and improving the inventory level of control and planning risks had the highest priorities.

In a complex and volatile environment of the supply chain, any attempt to reduce the risks may increase or decrease other risks; thus, achieving an overall picture of the risks of supply chain and relationships between them are necessary and will lead to more effective and comprehensive strategy to response to risks. The purpose of this paper is identifying and extracting the potential risks of supply chain using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach. In order to do that, first an in-depth litreture review has done and Delphi method with content validity has used, and then, the ISM model, representing the structure of risks relationship has extract. The results show that the external environment supply chain risks (natural risks, political/social, policy and macroeconomic), at a low levels of the model, have the most impact on other risks and are as a emerging and or increasing factor for industrial environment (market and product competition; market inputs, communications and collaboration) and organizational environment risks (operational, financial, strategic, commitment and organizational culture and employee).

Since the dynamics of logistics and sales markets and so the uncertainty of planning has increased, companies should be able to make informed decisions under risk. The key characteristic of supply chain risk is that risk gets extended beyond the borders of a company. In addition, extended currents borders can be the source of supply chain risk. The purpose of this study is to identify risks in the supply chain of Zagros Petrochemical Company, prioritize risks and provide recommendations for managers to deal with them. In order to achieve these objectives, after the supply chain risks were categorized, the empirical data used in this study which is based on questionnaire responses from firm managers, were gathered and 20 factors in 6 groups were identified. In order to prioritize the risks, the analytic network process (ANP), have been utilized. The result of research introduces boycott as the most important risk in the supply chain of Zagros Petrochemical Company. It is an applied research due to the goal and case study due to the methodology.

In a complex and volatile environment of the supply chain, any attempt to reduce the risks may increase or decrease other risks; thus, achieving an overall picture of the risks of supply chain and relationships between them are necessary and will lead to more effective and comprehensive strategy to response to risks. The purpose of this paper is identifying and extracting the potential risks of supply chain relationships using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach. In order to do that, first an in-depth literature review has done and experts opinions with content validity has used, and then, the ISM model representing the structure of risks relationship has extract and the final model has statistically tested using path analysis. The results show that the external environment supply chain risks (natural risks, political/social, policy and macroeconomic), at a low levels of the model, have the most driving power and organizational risks (operational, financial, strategic, liability and organizational culture and employee), at the top the model, are the most dependent risks. industrial risks (market and product competition; market inputs, communications and collaboration).

By increasing complexity، level of uncertainty and risk in the chain goes up. Hence supply chain risk management has become a major issue in the organization. In this study، Supply Chain Risk from this perspective will be investigated. This study utilizes a grey relational analysis and Fuzzy VIKOR to establish a complete and accurate evaluation model for ranking factors affecting on supplier risk. Innovation of this research is combining fuzzy Delphi method، the grey relational analysis and fuzzy VIKOR to identify and ranking factors affecting on suppliers risk and was conducted for the first time in alloy steel industry. After the analysis «single sourcing» and «available capacity» were identified as important factors. For this purpose، factors affecting on the risks incurred by the supplier on Alloy Steel industry were identified using Fuzzy Delphi. Then these factors evaluated and ranked using Grey Relation Analysis and fuzzy VIKOR. After the most important risk factors that need to be improved، identified and more appropriate strategies is offered.