technology development

Home businesses can play an effective role in tourism development. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the status and prioritization of affecting strategic drivers on future of home businesses in the field of tourism.

This research was quantitative from type of descriptive. The research population was managers and experts in the field of home businesses in the field of tourism with number 1400 people, which based on the Krejcie and Morgan table number of 300 people of them were selected as a sample with using random sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of future of home businesses in the field of tourism in seven components of political, social, technology development, service quality improvement, cooperation with local communities, communication networks development and brand development drivers, which its face validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts and its reliability was obtained by the Cronbach's alpha method higher than 0.80. The data of this research were analyzed with one-sample t-test and Friedman test in SPSS software.

The results of one-sample t-test showed that all seven drivers of political, social, technology development, service quality improvement, cooperation with local communities, communication networks development and brand development were effective on the future of home businesses in the field of tourism (P<0.001). Also, the results of Friedman test showed that the drivers of political, technology development, social, cooperation with local communities, communication networks development, service quality improvement and brand development were more effective on the future of home businesses in the field of tourism, respectively (P<0.001).

According to the results of this research, for the growth and development of home businesses in the field of tourism can be prepared the ground for the drivers of technology development, service quality improvement, cooperation with local communities, communication networks development, brand development, political and social.

Nowadays, Governance in science and technology has become more serious for policymakers and governors. One of the most important reasons for this matter would be for the investigation of the main players’ roles and their operations in science and technology. The importance of reviewing Science and Technology Parks (STPs) - as a key player in science and technology governance and also a government policy tool for science and technology development- has got less attention of policy makers, despite its main role in science and technology. In this regard, this paper aims to investigate on the governance of innovation and technology in science and technology parks of Iran. In this regard, STPs main functions are extracted from the literature and related regulations and government supports which are related to STPs functions are highlighted. Eventually, a discussion about the effectiveness of mentioned supports and regulations for implementation of the STPs functions’ in Iran has been presented.

This study aims to create and develop an approach for the design and gradual delivery of the product in the shortest time and through the balance of the elements of technological readiness, the need statement document, and the characteristics of the product in large and complex air systems.

Design/methodology/approach:

 In this study, the balancing process has been carried out using three stages of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD). In the first stage, product specifications have been prioritized using customer needs. In the second stage, product specifications have been prioritized based on the specifications of the first stage. In the third stage, the required technologies have been prioritized using the specifications of the product in the second stage. To conduct the research, industry experts who were in the unit related to the desired product provided the necessary data. Out of the 10 experts in that unit, seven have collaborated in the design and implementation of the model and three have approved the model. Finally, the discussion model was approved by the company's high committee.

After extracting the priorities of technologies, the final meeting of the QFD group was held with the presence of expert designers and the operator's representative. In this meeting, the process of using QFD and the obtained results were discussed. Then, using the scores obtained for the technologies (priority value) level of technological readiness for each of the product technologies and the approaches of designing, producing and delivering the primary, intermediate and final products were determined. The results of product prioritization based on technology development were also approved by the high committee.

Research limitations/implications:

 In this research, the balance of technological readiness, a document of requirement statement, and product characteristics in the design management of macro systems of defence air base products were analyzed by QFD. There was a need to check if there were other tools for balancing. Also, the scope of this study was limited to product design, and it is necessary to extend the balance to the entire life cycle of the product. In this research, the researchers faced with challenges due to the lack of familiarity with the elites or complete and sufficient research and training of the elites and managers of the country's research and defence industries. Also, the lack of managerial approaches to system and standard design and the integration of the approaches communicated by the regulatory and standardization centres of the country on the system design of large and complex products were the other limitations of this research.

Practical implications: 

The model proposed in this research made it possible to produce large and complex products in the aviation industry due to the existence of restrictions. On the other hand, the gradual design, production, and delivery of big products made the products suitable for the user's scene to be designed and produced first. While maintaining the quality of the product, the time to obtain the products should also be reduced.Social implications: Acquiring large and complex products in the country will accelerate the country's development.

Originality/value:

 The design and production of large and complex products based on technology development with a gradual product delivery approach using QFD is one of the innovations of this research. The application of the proposed approach will resolve some of the problems related to the design of large products in different areas.

Considering the importance of technology in the economic development and its great role in improving productivity levels and creating economic added value, the development of technological capabilities has always been considered in policy programs. In this research, the goal is analyzing the content of the 6th program from the point of view of the development of technological capabilities to propose rulings to be included in the 7th program. For this purpose, based on a proposed framework, a content analysis of the legal provisions of the 6th Development Plan is done in order to extract the form of tools and intervention areas in the field of technology and innovation. Then, based on the held expert panels, the challenges of the lack of acceptable performance from the legal provisions of the program were identified, which include "failure to convert rulings into policy programs", "lack of mission-oriented policies", "failure to use innovation policy tools", "Not paying attention to the development of technology in important and bottleneck sectors", "Not paying attention to the development of new businesses, especially in the field of digital economy platforms". In addition, and in order to be included in the provisions of the 7th plan, four proposed programs to facilitate the development of technology and innovation in the 7th plan include "Technology development in the value chain of important industrial sectors", "Development of the international market and increasing the export of knowledge-based products". "Regulating the activity of internet businesses" and "developing innovative sector networks" were proposed.

It is established that acquiring technology is important for the success of companies. Companies constantly strive to acquire new technologies to compete with each other. One of the most important ways to acquire technology is technology transfer. The paper aims to present a model that can determine the success rate of technology transfer. It is built by using the quantitative indicators to determine the extent and quality of technology transfer. Due to the  share of petrochemical industries in the national economy and the importance of the technology and its transfer in this industry, the paper selects this sector as its case study.The  enquiry uses applied research. The methodology is survey for collecting the data. Through the literature review, the success indicators of technology transfer are extracted. Then, based on the opinions of experts, these indicators were examined. The result leads to design the paper's questionnaire. Using exploratory factor analysis, the dimensions that make up the success of technology transfer are identified, and the proposed model is tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, the model for measuring the success of technology transfer is presented in four dimensions: 1) acquiring knowledge and technological capabilities, 2) economic achievements and the impact on the market, 3) increasing technical, operational and research capacity, and 4) achieving strategic goals.

Endless arguments can be made on history and its importance, perhaps this is one of the reasons why history, in addition to literature, are recognized as key and fundamental disciplines in the humanities. In order to expand and promote the historical approach in the analysis of technology and technology development and in line with historical approach in the Management Improvement Quarterly, a call for paper was received on historical analyses of technology and innovation development in the winter of 1399. Out of more than 30 abstracts received, 10 articles were accepted in five categories of technology and innovation management community, technology and innovation policy, industrial policy, industry level, organization/ firm level. This special issue is an effort to acknowledge the historical approach and understanding technology and innovation development. I hope readers find articles in this issue useful and interesting and they would promote historical approach in other journals and scientific publications of technology management as well as science and technology policy.

The need to rely on knowledge-based economics and the strong link between research centers, universities, and industries are not hidden from anyone today. Research centers and universities in Iran are mainly the origins of the development of a wide range of advanced technologies But unfortunately, these technologies are rarely commercialized. On the other hand, in many industries, mature technologies or out-of-class technologies are generally used for production, which leads to reduced productivity and competitiveness. Technology spillover from research institutions to industries can cover this imbalance. In this regard supporting the transfer of advanced technologies like space technologies to other industry sectors can be very impactful in the country's development, Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the transfer and development of space technology in Iran. In this research, the factors affecting the transfer and development of space technology are identified using literature and interviews with experts; and then Interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The results of this study show that the factors of "inter-organizational communication", "lack of structure", "technology death valley", "knowledge management", "knowledge-base of technologies", "lack of information spread", "interdisciplinary view", " "Defense-related capabilities" and "brain drain" have the most guidance and influence amongst the other factors.

The foundation of an organization and its transformation into a knowledge organization depend deeply on its various aspects, so that if it is not provided with its basic infrastructure and infrastructure, any attempt at it will fail. Therefore, before any decision is made, the development of science and technology must be taken into account. Alongside that is the issue of organizational capital and the capacity utilization it provides. Accordingly, this study investigates the effect of two variables: "Development and Transformation of Science and Technology" and "Intellectual Capital" on the knowledge base of an organization. The research method is descriptive survey and the sample is 54 experts. In order to gather information and data first, using the library method, the theoretical foundations and background have been studied and the effective components of "development and evolution of science and technology" and "intellectual capital" on the organization's knowledge base have been identified. In the second stage, using the expert method, the identified and other potential components of the survey are surveyed and finally the components are finalized. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling have also been used to design the model and test the hypotheses. According to the research findings, both the impacts of "development and evolution of science and technology" and "organizational capital" and their sub-components on knowledge creation have been confirmed. Finally, suggestions have been made to improve the status quo.

Nowadays , smart stakeholders in the children's products industry are trying to implement the right strategies to develop their businesses, But the child market is a complex issue and there is no comprehensive pattern in this regard. The present research aims is to design a pattern for evaluating and selecting strategies for industrial companies operating in the field of child market in Iran Using Grounded Theory and Delphi fuzzy with a market oriented approach. For this purpose, first to analyze the secondary data and Then, in order to collect data, the in-depth interview technique with snowball sampling method was used. The interviewees of this research are practical experts and scientific experts After eighteen interviews, Theoretical saturation was obtained and at the same time according to the data obtained from the interview section, three steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding were performed. In total, the current research model consists of 148 primary data, 12 categories and 52 concepts. Then to method, 41 indices with the highest frequency were selected and classified into 5 main categories and Eventually a paradigm shift in child market strategies emerged, In this pattern, two structural and process strategies were identified. That these strategies include Update market information, Technology Development, Brand strategic planning, Competitors performance analysis, Continuous market assessment and personnel, As a result, stakeholders in industrial companies active in the field of child market can be a leader in the implementation of strategies in the child market by applying this pattern

Technological innovations are the only way for the long-term growth and development of industry, economy and development of defence capabilities. Standardization is a dynamic process for shaping the path of innovation, and the synergistic relationship between standardization and innovation enjoys significant economic benefits. In this study, the relationship between standardization and innovation in some of the country's defence industries as well as the factors affecting standardization are investigated. This research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of data type and based on the nature and method of data collection; it is a descriptive-survey research. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, correlation analysis of variables, heuristic factor analysis and multiple regression relations have been used. In order to fulfil the purpose of the research, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression equations, are used. According to the research model, five main factors for standardization were identified that have the greatest impact on innovation. All five identified factors have a relatively strong correlation with gradual innovations. However, the two factors of regulation and technology risk are negatively correlated with fundamental innovations and are considered as a threat and obstacle for them. On the other hand, research and development and commercialization have a strong correlation but technical solution has a positive and weak correlation with fundamental innovations. According to the research results, in general, standardization has a positive and significant correlation with different types of innovation, which is weaker in fundamental innovations than in gradual innovations. Finally, the establishment of private standardization organizations is proposed with the aim of accelerating the supply of innovations to the market and accelerating the reform of the country's standardization system.

The process of determining and measuring technology maturity level and estimating the cost of technology development is very important for pioneering organizations in research and development. In this regard, we need to establish and develop domestic approaches according to conditions of the country.This research seeks to establish and develop such an approach to achieve double –use technologies for a light class submarine. This technology is the result of domestic research and development in one of the military industries (between 2017 and 2018). In this research, first, using two quality house matrices, main demands of the customer and functional- requirements are described and the level of technology is determined. Then, the current technology level gap is determined and analyzed and its readiness is assessed quantitatively using the technical specifications of technology. Finally, by determining technology readiness level, current technology costs are calculated on the base of activity based cost method. The results show that the technology has completed level 4 and it is at level 5, now. The presented approach is considered as a guide for the research and development department of organizations.

Policymaking in order to develop new science and technologies (S&T) requires a good perception of the current status based on the special situations in the country. Regenerative medicine as a new S&T field with its enormous impacts on health and its sizable and fast-growing market is not an exception. Thus, the aim of this article, is to propose some strategies to develop S&T in regenerative medicine in Iran that are aligned with the upstream documents for developing S&T. To achieve this goal, at the first step, SWOT analysis is applied using experts' comments to reach to some insights of the current situation and some proportional strategies from crossing strengths and weaknesses against threats and opportunities. These strategies seem to be the missing link of implementing the policies in the upstream documents. At the second step, institutional mapping is used according to the innovation system functions to determine roles and responsibilities of the related actors and institutions in order to perform these strategies in practice. Thus, strategies are presented in policymaking, regulatory, providing services, and facilitating contexts and the trustee instituations of each strategy are identified according to their functions in innovation system. This is considered as the first step towards implementing these strategies.

Today, technology development success is a multi-dimensional concept that is linked to the dynamics and complexity of the environment. Hence, identifying fundamental performance indicators for investing in technology development is important. The purpose of this study is to achieve quantitative and qualitative analysis of key indicators together in the correct decision-making path for investment in technology development. In this research, the criteria for success with the new approach in terms of plan, project and portfolio differences are identified, categorized and their significance is measured by a questionnaire. In the following, the relationships between the criteria with two qualitative and quantitative approaches were determined and analyzed using interpretive structural modeling and DEMATEL technique using the opinions of industrial and academic experts in two separate groups. By comparing the results of the two groups, the difference Opinions in the judgments of academic and industrial experts are characterized by two quantitative and qualitative approaches. Achieving an analytical qualitative model of how the indicators interact, as well as determining the magnitude of the impact intensity and impact and the importance of each of them based on the level of interactions, the academic and industrial viewpoints, and the determination of the suitability of the judgments of the two groups, one of the research achievements. Correct analysis based on qualitative and quantitative results of research can be a basis for decision makers to develop different scenarios in the direction of making investments Successful in the field of technology development.

In the 1990s, wWith the diminution of the role of international oil companies in technology development in the upstream oil industry, oilfield services companies are responsible for identifying and providing the technological needs of the upstream oil industry. Given the high risk and cost of developing and commercializing technologies with radical innovations, leading oilfield services companies are pursuing incremental innovations that have led to the emergence of tech startups to the upstream oil industry with the mission of carrying out often radical innovations. Nowadays, the edge of technology in many of the technological areas of the upstream oil industry is in the hand of a large number of small knowledge-based companies, most of which are often based on successful tech-startups. In the future, startups as the arm of the development of radical technologies in the upstream oil industry are highly regarded by the managers of innovative firms in the upstream oil industry. Based on this, after reviewing the trend of changes in the approaches and the role of upstream oil industry players in technology development, this paper outline the role of tech startups as innovation engines in the upstream oil industry and their specific challenges are discussed in this area.

The present research tried to determine the relationship among science development, technology development and economic growth in Iran. To do so, thorough literature review and qualitative content analysis were applied for the three fields of science development, technology development and economic growth and their relationships by studying 250 books and articles in the related fields, and found 14 cofactors that affect the three fields and their relationships in Iran. Based on cofactors (which grouped into 3 categories of science development, technology development and economic growth), DANP questionnaire was designed. Then, 13 experts were selected theoretically among 130 experts (residing in Iran or abroad) to fill out the questionnaires. Using experts' suggestions, the cofactors were applied in DANP approach to find the relationships and weighs of factors and subfactors and design a Model in Iran. The results showed that science development, technology development and economic growth are connected mutually in Iran in which economic growth and technology development are the most effective and impressionable factors in the network, respectively.

According to the Imam Khamenei guidelines for Islamic-Persian model of development and after introducing the macro-policies of self-efficacy in security and defense, it’s necessary to identify the science and technology development trend and implementation. This article is to introduce the policy implications for future-oriented defense culture implementation according to Islamic-Persian model of development based on Imam Khamenei guidelines. This inductive and qualitative research is based on grounded theory strategy that introduces the main dimensions and policy implications of future-oriented defense culture. The result showed that paying attention to the essential of modelling and taking into account a systematic and operational approach is necessary. In this model, continuous improvement and social capital is considerable.

The important role of centers of growth and technology in achieving sustainable development and technology has taken these centers into consideration, On the other hand, innovation is also a requirement for sustainable development and technology. This research seeks to provide a model for science and technology centers and to demonstrate its link with sustainable development and technology, with the role of mediator of growth and innovation. The research method is combined and the statistical population is the experts of Mazandaran Free universities. Sampling in the qualitative, purposeful and quantitative section is random. In the qualitative part of 14 people and in the small part 159 people participated in this research. Information gathering tool, interview and questionnaire.Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used in the inferential part. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, factor analysis was used. Smart PLS2 software was used to investigate the relationships. The results showed that these centers have a positive impact on innovation and it has a positive relationship with the development of technology and sustainability.

Technology not only an important dimension in national development is a contributing factor to the success and survival of organizations in today's competitive world. The challenge faced by organizations today is how scientific and technological ideas into marketable products and services convert. Commercialization of research, a process that knowledge produced in research organizations into marketable products or industrial processes convert. In this paper, literature review, factors affecting the success of commercialization of mining and the opinions of experts in the four following important factors, technology, organization, market and were classified environment. The effects of these factors on commercialization success in terms of experts and specialists in government research institutes, the tested. The results showed those factors, market, organization, environment and the most effective technology to successfully commercialize the technology development projects.

The exploitation of the academic sector research findings, and commercializing them is an important priority. The purpose of this research was to design a model for the commercialization of research findings of the Department of Electrical Engineering of Razi University of Kermanshah. The study was a fundamental research which was conducted by the use of a grounded theory approach.Research field included the faculty members of the Electrical Engineering Department of Razi University of Kermanshah, and the experts in the field of commercialization. Theoretical sampling approach was used.The number of participants in research by the use of theoretical saturation reached (21 individuals). The data were collected through deep interviews. Research results indicated 32 main issues that were drawn as a paradigmatic model. What is in the center of the paradigmatic model is ideation (Idea Generation). The main components of research commercialization findings in terms of participants, Included: technical-economic assessment of the plans, networking, and dynamic linkages. Redesigning the processes and mechanisms for confidence-building were also placed in the next step.

Japan had cut its ties with the whole world in early 17th century until it inevitably started its relationships in 1845. Afterwards, it moved through modernization with an incredible pace which affected all aspects of Japanese life. Going through this procedure, technology development can be referred as the main fundamental of this accelerated progress which can be analyzed from different points of view. Some believe that technology development of Japan is influenced by the novel political system governing Japan in Meiji era. Others ascribe it to the novel economical procedures in Japan. However, the relationship between social values and structures with technology development based on votes and Feinberg’s attitudes are considered in this study. Therefore, Japan technology development is explained by defining critical theory on technology in this paper. Next, lessons are extracted for technology adoption and development in Iran considering technology development models in Japan.