transcendent governance

During centuries, humans, societies and political systems that move toward progression have shaped the basis of forming various sciences in favor of enhancing from current As-Is to proper To-Be situation. Sustainable development in recent years can be achieved through new definition of governance models and discussions on the new comprehensive form of governance called transcendent governance. On the other hand, emergent technologies such as blockchain has brought about transformations in businesses especially FinTech industry. Therefore, by investigating transcendent governance on one side and blockchain technology on the other side, this research aims at introducing a comparative model between dimensions of those aforementioned concepts.
The current research is carried out through a mixed method i.e. combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative method, the dimensions of transcendent governance and features of blockchain were collected based on literature review studies. The first quantitative method was Fuzzy Delphi analysis in order to determine the approval or rejection of extracted dimensions and features. In this phase, 30 experts with academic degree of Masters and above from Management (Public Administration, Startegic, Information Technology), Political Sciences, Information Technology Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering fields of study were selected to fill the correspondent questionnaire. The next quantitative method referred to extracting dimension of blockchain based on 217 experts’ opinions declared in the correspondent questionnaire, and features approved  using Exploratory Factor Analysis. This was necessary to compare transcendent governance with blockchain on the same correspondent level. After forming two sides comprising of transcendent governance and blockchain dimensions, the ISM method as the last quantitative method was carried out between these two sides to clarify the potential relations between dimensions.
In literature review, 10 dimensions including Structure, Process, Cognition and Values, Constitution, Organization and Institution, Performance Management, Policy Making, Section, International and Global Forces, Ethics- Accountability and Transparency were defined for transcendent governance. Also 13 features for blockchain including Distribution, Scalability, Network Laws, Dis-intermediation, Consensus-Orientation, Anonymity, Efficiency, Scrutiny, Reliability, Credibility, Security, Immutability and Transparency were extracted. Using Fuzzy Delphi analysis, firstly 30 experts filled the questionnaire about the correctness and coherence of transcendent governance dimensions along with blockchain features, then based on specific mathematical equations, fuzzification and defuzzification of expert’s scores were calculated. The results showed that one dimension of transcendent governance (named Section) was rejected and the rest of them were approved, and for blockchain technology, all features were approved to be applicable for further modeling. To make comparison reasonable, blockchain dimensions were extracted utilizing Exploratory Factor Analysis from features based on opinions of 217 experts. As the result, the features could be integrated under 6 main dimensions named Structure, Network Expansion Process, Network Formation Process, Intra-Network Interaction, Performance Improvement, Transparency-Security. Till here, we have 9 dimensions for transcendent governance and 6 ones for blockchain technology. To clarify relations between dimensions of transcendent governance and blockchain, ISM was exerted to all dimensions. The results showed that governance Structure with blockchain Structure and Network Formation Process, governance Process with Network Expansion Process, Network Formation Process and Intra-Network Interaction, governance Cognition and Values with Intra-Network Interaction, governance Constitution with Network Formation Process and Intra-Network Interaction, governance Organization and Institution with Network Formation Process, governance Performance Management with Performance Improvement, governance Policy Making with Network Formation Process, governance International and Global Forces with Network Formation Process, governance Ethics-Accountability and Transparency with Transparency-Security,  have bilateral relations.
This research aimed at delivering a comparative model between transcendent governance – as the most comprehensive governance model- and blockchain technology. Using various qualitative and quantitative methods, dimensions of transcendent governance and features of blockchain were investigated and blockchain dimensions were extracted. The clarified connections between the two concepts’ dimensions depicted that there is a reasonable correspondent coherence between specific dimensions of each side. The concepts discussed through transcendent governance referred to necessity of structural approach in people’s participation in network confirmation, formation and expansion and their critical role here is undeniable which is also approved via blockchain features and dimensions. The process of governance is dependent on all stakeholders and elements which form the network of people with intra-network interaction and its survival is achieved due to the feature of scalability. Governance cognition and values refer to justice and equality among participants which is met by intra-network interaction and consensus-orientation. Constitution is a legal and formal document in governance which means the same as network laws. Governance organization and institution is based on cohesion, connection and alignment of elements which refers to association and alignment of elements in forming the network. Performance management of governance that is knowledge and wisdom based, is correspondent to efficiency and scrutiny of network which leads to network performance improvement. Policy making in governance works as the director and instructor of other elements and coincides network formation laws in blockchain. International and global forces can influence how the blockchain network is formed based on international laws. And finally, ethics-accountability and transparency which are crucial in transcendent governance are matched with transparency-security as a valuable dimension of blockchain. In conclusion, the reasonable bilateral relations between transcendent governance and blockchain dimensions shows that utilizing blockchain technology as a proper mean to substantiate transcendent governance is worth taking action, and it can help governors to achieve transcendent governance based and through enforcing blockchain technology in the digital governance era.

In this research, the Popularization of transcendent governance and religious democracy in the thought of the Imams of the Islamic Revolution has been studied. Religious democracy is a style of political system that is popularization of governance is based on the principles and foundations of political Islam and divine legitimacy, as well as relying on the capacities, acceptance and popular victory of the affairs of society. In this way of governing, the people have a direct and indirect governance in choosing the governors and the governors themselves are a part of the people of the society. The need and desire of the people in different countries to model the axis with the aim of introducing religious principles in the political thought of Islam and the political leaders of the contemporary century is the reason for such research. Accordingly, in a descriptive-analytical method, by searching the library resources and the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution, the views and opinions of the Imams of the Islamic Revolution regarding the popularization of governance and religious democracy have been analyzed. The question of this research is to achieve the components related to religious democracy in the strategies of the Imams of the Revolution. The results show that in a religiously democratic way of governing, the government will ensure the people's satisfaction and guidance and prosperity in this world and the hereafter by involving the people, consultation, people's right to vote, popular control and political stability in society.