return on assets

This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of corporate controversies on the performance of companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange.

In this research, the required data were extracted from Rahavard Novin software, financial statements of companies and text mining, as well as the Tehran Stock Exchange website. The statistical population of the current research is the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 1391 to 1400. In order to test the research hypotheses, the combined data model was used. The software used for data analysis is Stata version 14.

The results of research hypotheses show that three performance calculation criteria (return on assets, return on equity, economic added value) are negatively affected by company controversies. In other words, increasing the level of controversy with controversial and tension-causing factors reduces the ability of management to a significant extent.

The negative perception by the stakeholders can have various consequences, including increasing financial risk, increasing the cost of debt, reducing the company's reputation and credibility, which will reduce the company's performance.Keywords: corporate controversies, company performance, return on assets, return on equity, economic added value

Enterprise risk management can identify, measure, control, and monitor risk levels. The issue of enterprise risk management has been of interest to companies in recent years. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of enterprise risk management programs and then to examine the factors affecting the management of organizational risk 118 companies during the years 1388 to 1398. Factors such as firm size, growth opportunity, return on assets, financial leverage and dividends were also used as factors influencing the implementation of enterprise risk management. The test results of the hypotheses showed that the size of the company with 0.2853 and growth opportunity with 0.2349 multiplaiers is meaningful and positive. Also, financial leverage with -0.03935 and dividend with -0.01095 don’t have significance. In other words, at the 95% confidence level, firm size, growth opportunity, return on assets have an impact on enterprise risk management and financial leverage, dividend variables have no effect on enterprise risk management in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In other words, enterprise risk management can improve the operational performance and increase the value of the company, and companies that are exposed to high risk due to environmental uncertainty can prevent and control the adverse effects of risk

This research, based on logic-based method, has analyzed DuPont's financial performance of 30 large companies in Tehran's capital market for the period 1398 to 1400. In this research, using a mathematical model, logical aggregation of components has been used in order to model possible patterns according to business models. Also, the obtained mathematical models were used to calculate the level of realization of the observed patterns. The obtained results showed that logical aggregation, apart from econometric models, can be suitable for analyzing the financial performance of companies based on the DuPont ratio, and also among the large companies on the stock exchange, Bank Mellat (with a weight of 49%), Iran telecom (with a weight of 49%) 48% and Boali Sina Petrochemical with weight (28%) got the highest quality for investment based on investment priority.

With the expansion of the capital market in Iran, it is important to pay attention to the factors that have an effect on the decision-making of market participants and during recent years, stock price crash risk as in affective risks on companies been noted by shareholders and researchers. In this research, the effect of free cash flows on stock crash risk with focused on the role of earnings smoothing was investigated. In internal research, there have been many kinds of research emphasizing the relationship between earnings smoothing and stock price crash risk, but the relationship between cash flows and stock price crash risk is missing in internal research. Also, the moderating role of earnings management on this relationship has not been explained in the Iranian capital market so far. Therefore, based on the research literature in this field, it seems that the issue of the relationship between free cash flows and the stock price crash risk and the explanation of this relationship in the Iranian capital market is significant. The sample includes 161 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1394 to 1399. To quantify stock price crash risk, two criteria of negative stock skewness and up-down volatility were used. The results indicate that free cash flows have a positive and significant effect on stock price crash risk and earning smoothing also moderates this relationship negatively and significantly.

The exposure of the major part of the global banking system to the financial crisis of 2007-2009 prompted legislators to increase their regulations and supervision in order to prevent future problems. However, banks must fulfill one of their main tasks which involves the creation of liquidity in the economy. The question arises whether more supervision of banks leads to increased bank liquidity? The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of risk-based supervision on creating liquidity in Iranian banks. To this aim, the data belonging to 15 governmental and private banks in the period of 1394 to 1399 (2015-2020) were analyzed through the combined regression method. To measure liquidity creation, the researcher employed the approach of Berger and Bowman (2009), and the ratio of total due claims and overdue claims to the total bank facilities was used as a risk-based supervision index. The results showed that risk-based supervision has a significant and positive effect on creating liquidity.

In public companies, shareholders (employers) delegate decision-making power to their directors (ie, control, albeit to varying degrees, of ownership of this separation of interests). Managers are working in the best interests of the owners, as has been suggested by Mali's theory. In public corporations, ownership structures can be fragmented (large number of small shareholders) or concentrated (small number of major shareholders). When ownership is in the hands of the overwhelming agents, the centralized control system and when the ownership is distributed, the control system will be decentralized. Since ownership concentration is seen as an important determinant of corporate governance, it seems that the identity of the controlling owners has a fundamental role to play in ownership. In this paper, the effect of dividend policy and ownership concentration on the financial performance and capital structure of the banks listed in Tehran Stock Exchange is investigated using static panel estimators. The estimation of the regression model is done in 3 separate models. The research period is between 2012 and 2017 in 17 selected banks of the country.

Profit smoothing can be seen as a deliberate reduction in profit fluctuations, so that the activities of the company appear to be normal. Managers are making profit smoothing to reduce this volatility. Some experts believe that investors are more willing to invest in smoothing companies and are willing to pay more for them. Researchers believe that some of the characteristics of the company influence the motivation of managers to smooth profits. This study attempts to explain the theoretical foundations of the research, the relationship between earnings smoothing and company characteristics such as earnings quality, P/E and ROE and ROTA. Check the securities. In order to investigate the relationship between earnings smoothing and firm characteristics, data related to the period 2010-2017 were collected and analyzed. Logistic regression was used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that companies with higher price to earnings (P/E) ratios have more incentive to report earnings. And companies with higher earnings quality are more motivated to report earnings smoothly. Finally, it was found that larger ROTAs had a greater incentive to report earnings.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of time, profitability and industry on the performance of industries accepted on the stock exchange based on Repeated Factor Designs.Repeated Factorial Designs Model is functional experiments and it is statistical model that used to the study of impact factorials. Space domain this research is Tehran Stock Exchange and Time domain this research is since (1390-1398.(Our statistical society is all four financial intermediation Activities auxiliary companies which accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and four Transport, storage and communications companies which accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and simple and society is equal. Research methods, descriptive and it is practical by purpose type. The results show that the effect of industry factor as well as the interaction of time, profitability and industry on company performance is significant.

Financial ratios analysis is considered among the most widely used tools for evaluating the performance of companies and investments. In this regard, ROA and ROE ratios are among the most important criterias. This study seeks evidence about the role of market capitalization in the relationship between return on assets and return on equity with Stock prices and is compared with their book value. This study was conducted on 136 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2008-2016. In order to test hypotheses, we used of 8 multivariate regression. The results indicate that both of ratios with book value and market value have a significant and positive relationship with stock prices; But the strength of this relationship is not the same, market value has more strongest relation than book value, return on assets can explain the stock price changes alone and about 66% and Combined return on assets to book value and return on equity to market value have strongest correlation with the stock price changes.

The present study aimed to examine the effect of corporate governance and audit quality on bank loan financing in companies in the industries such as production, mining, commerce, and transportation. There are many financing methods. In Iran, financing is mostly provided through approved credit by banks. However, the share of banks and other financial institutions in the corporate governance is not large at all. Banks and other financial institutions usually focus on the quality of financial reporting and control practices applied within a company. Hence may have a direct relationship between financing through bank loans and corporate governance and the quality of auditing companies.The study population included a sample of 15 companies in the industries, including production, mining, commerce, and transportation, over an 11-year period 2004-2015. A multivariate regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The study results indicated that the corporate governance produces a positive and significant effect on bank loan financing, while audit quality produces none.

Nowadays, bank as the most important element of the financial market plays a significant role in the countries' economy especially Iran, which relies on the banking system. So the study of banking system and factors affecting its performance are very important. One of these factors is the exchange rate, a key variable in every economy. In recent years, the exchange rate in the Iranian economy has encountered many fluctuations. Exchange rate fluctuations in developing countries like Iran, due to the lack of developed financial markets, expose these countries to financial crises. The exchange rate fluctuations and the volatility of financial markets can have an unfavorable impression on the stability of banks. This is due to the lack of the ability in eliminating the impact of exchange rate fluctuations even by using the risk management techniques; and on the other hand, developing countries do not have the essential tools to deal with these fluctuations. Thus, these countries are more vulnerable, and more likely exposed to financial crisis. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the performance of Iranian banking system using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) in dynamic panel data context during 2009-2014. To evaluate the banking performance, two criteria of revenue and asset quality have been considered and for evaluating these criteria accordingly, the ratio of return on assets as well as the ratio of outstanding claims to total paid facilities has been applied.
The results of this study show that the exchange rate volatility has negative significant impact on the return on assets of banks. The exchange rate fluctuations impose different types of risks on banking system such as transaction risk, conversion risk, credit risk, interest rate risk and due to these risks, the profitability of banks decrease. Similarity, exchange rate fluctuations are an effective and positive factor in clarifying the ratio of outstanding claims to the total payable facilities of banks because they lead to create credit risk, and as a result increase outstanding claims of banks.

In any economic system the role of banks to collect deposits of the banking system (Procurement of resource) and its application in the financing of investment projects (allocation of resource) is very important. Nowadays, Expansion of global markets and increase competition in the markets for financial services is affected the profitability of the banking industry, significantly. Given that the profitability of banks is one of functions of banks and a more profitable bank has more power to deal with negative shocks to the market, Therefore, attention to the profitability index as one indicator of evaluating the performance of the banks and its role in decisions related to the mobilization of resources, financing and resource allocation is essential. in this study To achieve this goal, the affective factors on profitability of commercial banks has been modeled and studied during 2009-2013. The scope of this study contains 8 commercial banks listed on Tehran Stock Exchange including Eghtesade Novin, Parsian, Karafarin, Pasargad, Mellat, Tejarat, Saderat and Sina. The study also is used the Panel ARDL method to achieve the targets. The results of this study showed that, The ratio of shareholder's equity to assets, The ratio of credit to assets, bank size and inflation have a direct and positive effect on the profitability of commercial banks. So, increasing and improvement of this variables increase the profitability of commercial banks in the short term and long term. However, the effect of credit risk on commercial bank's profitability index is negative. So that increasing of this variable deacrease the profitability of commercial banks in the short term and long term. finally, The results of ECM model reveal that the speed of adjustment towards long-run equilibrium is low, So that if the shock enters the model the long time require for correct the short-run and long-run imbalance equilibrium and back model to first equilibrium.

This study examines the relationship between the cash conversion cycle and return on assets in this company from (1382) through (1390).in this research we study the effect of different variables of cash conversion cycle on profitability in this company. these variables consist of: Account Payable period,Inventory Turnover Period,Account Receipt Period. Current ratio, debt ratio, sales growth was considered as a control variable. For analyzing datas and accepting or rejecting each hypothesis we use from pearson and regresun correlation coefficient also we use that for normality. The conclusion of this study shows an inverse relationship between variables of cash conversion cycle and return on assets. it means if account receipt, cash conversion cycle and period of debt payment increase ,the profitability of this company will decrease so managers can create the positive value for shareholders with decreasing period of debt payment, period of inventory turnover, period of demand collection and…

In economic theory, there is no more important proposition than that, under competition, the rate of return on investment tends toward equality in all industries’. Although this notion is applicable to total profitability measures such as return on assets (ROA), there is good reason to believe that various components of ROA identified by Dupont analysis will not revert to economy-wide levels, Industries have unique operating structures that Dupont analysis decomposes return on investment such as ROA into two multiplicative components, Profit margin (PM) and Asset turnover (ATO). This analysis is useful because each component measures different aspects of a firm’s operation. Advocate of this type of analysis claim that the components of ROA should provide additional insight into the business and operations of the firm and assist in forecasting. In this paper I examined whether Industry part of profit margin, Asset turnover and return on assets and Industry adjusted values of these variables (called abnormal) can predict future values (changes) of these variables, I found that decomposing each of these components into an abnormal and Industry component is useful for predicting also I found that profit margin and Asset turnover has a negative correlation with each other and the same is true with, their abnormal, (Industry-adjusted). In this paper pooled regression is used in predicting ROA, PM, and ATO of Industries and their Industry-adjusted values. Result showed that the regression equation is informative and significant. and provides enough information for decision making.

This research discusses about relation between accounting conservatism and financial crises in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) over 7- period in 48 firms with financial crises and 56 profitable firms. For research hypothesis tests, the data panel method from 105 firm (48 firms with financial crises and 56 profitable firms) which belong to the span of years between 1380-1386 are used.Data analysis performed with logistic regression. The results of study showed that there is significant relationship between financial crises and accounting conservatism, company size, Leverage ratio and return on assets. Also the results of the study showed that there was not any significant relation between financial crises and sales growth. The outcome of the study also has showed that accounting conservatism is an effective mechanism for limiting bias behavior manager, and it can causes the company out of financial crisis in the long run.