political

The problem of political and civil institutions for transcendental wisdom is how to explain it in a way that is consistent with the ontology of that wisdom. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explain the aforementioned institutions based on the ontological doctrine of transcendental wisdom. The claim of this article is that the institutions under discussion are derived from the existential truth of "self" and hence it is a meaningful phenomenon and can be explained from an ontological perspective. Against this claim are the theories of social constructionist schools, which believe that political and civil institutions are linguistic and constructed phenomena. To investigate the above claims in this article, the document method and the analysis of transcendental wisdom texts have been used, and the result of this writing is the ontological explanation of the political and civil institution and showing the extension of transcendental wisdom in political science. The achievements of this article can be used in political theorizing and philosophy of political science and philosophy of social sciences.

The purpose of this research is comparative studies of political and international areas of government responsibility in the environment. This research has been carried out in a descriptive-analytical way in a library-style way through a survey. The most important issue in having a healthy environment is informing the citizens. In the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, although the principle of the right to a healthy environment is not explicitly stated, the context of Article 50 is such that the content of this right can be inferred from the content of the principle by providing an extended interpretation. In the opinion of some jurists in the field of environmental law, the expressions of environmental protection, public duty and the prohibition of economic activities, other than those associated with environmental pollution or irreparable destruction, contained in Article 50 of the Constitution indicate They have known that the basic legislator implicitly accepted it as a right by assuming a healthy environment in which today's generation and future generations can have a growing social life. Therefore, it can be said that according to the constitution, all people have the right to enjoy healthy air and fight air pollution.

The causes of political and economic crises in societies like Iran before the revolution were not only limited to colonial interventions; Because foreign influence and intervention is impossible or difficult without the existence of internal contexts. Both the patriarchal structure of the Pahlavi regime, which determined power relations vertically, and the horizontal structure of power between elites and political agents prevented the growth and development of a prosperous national economy. Therefore, even if the king and his political agents had the intention of creating growth and development in economic institutions and getting out of political and economic crises, this issue was overshadowed by the power structure, thus the political system of the Pahlavi era showed that even prosperity The national economy can also serve the political interests of the patriarchal government of the king and his family. The author tries to discuss the consequences of the reforms in the second Pahlavi period, which are related to the land reform law, in the following article, the research method of which is analytical-descriptive, and for writing it, library sources were used with the use of a phishing tool.

Ardakan, as the largest area of Yazd province, has been inhabited since long ago and has been considered a human settlement. However, very little historical information and data have remained from this city from the ancient periods and even after Islam until around the Safavid period. In this research, the political, historical, economic and social developments of this city are investigated by using descriptive-analytical approach and relying on historical sources and data. The research results show cultural richness and the existence of ethnic and religious unifying elements in Ardakan. As despite religious diversity and the presence of a part of Iranian Zoroastrians in this region, good relations have been established between Muslims and Zoroastrians since the past and peaceful life has prevailed; However, reports indicate that the rulers and some people of the city treated the Babians living in Ardakan in a hostile and violent manner.