sustainable development

Today, the production and services field faces a change in the competition pattern among independent companies and supply chains. The food supply chain is among the complex supply chains with special characteristics that can toughly be adapted to general evaluation systems. The current research aims to determine the effective indicators for evaluating the performance of the sustainable food supply chain. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. In line with the research implementation, based on the study of the theoretical foundations and the background of the research conducted concerning the effective indicators in evaluating the performance of the sustainable supply chain, the effective criteria were extracted and given to 25 research experts in the form of a questionnaire. Finally, to investigate the relationships between these 26 basic criteria, another questionnaire was prepared and given to the research experts. The final factors were structured based on the answers received and using the methods of fuzzy cognitive mapping and fuzzy DEMATEL. Regarding the centrality criterion in the fuzzy cognitive mapping method, the factors "income distribution, sustainable investment, and average annual training time of employees" have the most centrality, so they were recognized as the main factors influencing the performance evaluation of the sustainable food supply chain.

The purpose of this research is to present mine managers with solutions for the sustainable development of mines with an emphasis on mine tourism. In the first step, identifying ways for mine sustainable development with the use of tourism potentials by studying articles on a national and global scale taken from the SID citation center, Emerald, and Science through content analysis using Nvivo software, was in order. In the second step, 12 main factors were identified and confirmed with the help of the Delphi method and 12 university and industry experts, using EXCEL software. Then, by using tourism potentials with the ISM method and the participation of experts from the previous section, the development model of mines in Iran was achieved and an interpretive structural model was extracted. Finally, in the third step, in order to check the application of the proposed model, structural equation modelling analysis was done using PLS3 software with the participation of 170 managers and supervisors of Iranian mines. The final results acknowledged 12 ways as the final methods of mine sustainable development considering tourism potentials. In the eyes of the expert, mines' innovative reconstruction based on a tourism standpoint, tourism infrastructure improvement, increase in the region's social capital, business and employment growth based on tourism as a necessity were deemed the most effective ways of sustainable development for mines using tourism potentials. Evaluation of the proposed model in the field showed that among 32 theories, only the relationship between innovative mining tourism strategies and business prosperity and job creation based on tourism, the development of mine workers human resources and the development of the region's social capital and the relationship between the development of mine workers human resources and the prosperity of business and employment based on tourism was not approved.

The current research was conducted with the aim of validating the implementation model of the fourth generation of the industry in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development in Iran Khodro Company. For this purpose, the initial model of the implementation of the fourth-generation industry was designed to achieve the goals of sustainable development in Iran Khodro Company, and then the designed model was validated. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection method, it is non-experimental (descriptive) with a cross-sectional survey approach, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section included 8 senior managers of Iran Khodro Company and the targeted sampling method. The statistical population in the quantitative part included 384 experts with experience in Iran Khodro company and a simple random sampling method. The data collection tools in the qualitative part were questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, the structural-interpretive modelling (ISM) questionnaire and a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. In the qualitative part of the research, the content analysis technique and software (MAXQDA) were used to analyze the expert interviews and extract the main and secondary components. In the quantitative part of the research, the structural-interpretive modelling technique and software (MICMAC) were used to identify the causal relationships between the main components of the research and provide the initial model, and the partial least squares technique and software (SMART PLS) were used to validate the initial model. The final model included 10 main components and the results of the partial least squares technique fully confirmed the validity of the model.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health, economic, and social factors and harmed the distribution and sales of agricultural products. It has become a crucial factor in agricultural development. The purpose of the present study is to design a sustainable development model in the agricultural sector under circuital circumstances (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic). To achieve this goal of used a combined methodology of grounded theory, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), the Fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) method, and the Fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory-based analytic network process (FDANP) method. The criteria of higher importance were identified using grounded theory and FDM. Then, the fuzzy DEMATEL method was carried out to identify internal relationships, effects, and dependencies of the main criteria. Finally, the weight of the main criteria of the model has been calculated with the Fuzzy DANP method. According to the results of the Fuzzy DEMATEL method, Critical circumstances (COVID-19), environmental factors, educational factors, health factors, and economic factors had the highest effects. The “critical circumstances” criterion (COVID-19) had the largest effect and strongest relationship with the other criteria. On the other hand, the results of the Fuzzy DANP method show that environmental factors (MC7), social factors (MC2), critical circumstances (COVID-19) (MC5), health factors (MC1), entrepreneurial factors (MC8), are the most important criteria of the sustainable development model of the agricultural sector under critical circumstances. Therefore, to move on the path of sustainable development in the agricultural sector, one should focus on the factors that have a higher influence and importance.

This paper deals with benchmarking for a three-stage DMU. After investigating and eliminating congestion, adjustment of intermediate products and initial inputs have achieved by utilizing an Inverse DEA model, which dominates the current vectors and serve as a benchmark that is to the best of this paper knowledge. This process has two cases. First, the overall efficiency stays fixed, and the second case, is corresponded to the overall efficiency ‎improvement.‎

The sustainable development denotes the balanced status among various dimensions of development that aims to improve conditions of quality of life for the human. Urban sustainable development is deemed as the ideal objective for the planners and urban development directors in order to exploit suitably from the resources and to establish balanced relationship among human and community and nature. The present research mainly aims to extract and measure parameters of urban sustainable development in 4 regions in Aleshtar city (Lorestan Province- Iran). This study is an applied research in terms of goal and descriptive- analytical type in terms of methodology and based on librarian and field studies. The selected parameters were collected at two phases by study on backgrounds (research projects, statistical newsletters and books) and employing votes and comments from experts (using Delphi technique and extraction from comments of academic theorists and directors of relevant organizations) and they were merged together using Delphi technique. Parameters were weighted and analyzed by means of two models (TOPSIS and AHP-Fuzzy) after extraction and they were interpolated by GIS software and using Semivariogram tool. The research findings show that Region-3 has the highest rank (weight value= 0.627). After this region, Regions 2, 4 and 1 have devoted subsequent preferences with weighted values of 0.602, 0.578 and 0.541, respectively. Some strategies are suggested in order to moderate parameters of urban sustainability throughout regions of Aleshtar city including rising awareness of city dwellers about urban sustainable development plans, making the inhabitants familiar with parameters of a suitable city and creation and developing of a dynamic transportation system and establishing healthy housing in Regions 1, 2 and 4, increasing area of green space, establishing healthcare administration in Aleshtar Municipality and creating healthcare- medical institutes and centers etc.