حفاظت از محیط زیست

The development of sustainable rural tourism is known as a desirable goal in the development of sustainable tourism due to the addition of the concept of sustainability to rural tourism. But this sustainable development can have negative effects on the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to look at this category with a comprehensive and inclusive perspective. The development of rural tourism is very important for rural areas, because it can help solve economic and social problems, which in turn helps to maintain the local population in permanent places of residence and, as a result, improve. For a long time, rural tourism has been considered to have unique advantages in helping rural areas to get rid of poverty, attracting surplus rural labor, inheriting the culture of rural characteristics, optimizing the rural industrial structure and improving facilities, etc. This category is because rural tourism and related concepts have a wide perspective and scope. In recent years, the rapid development of rural tourism has caused researchers to pay more attention to it and conduct a large number of scientific studies and researches in this field. The increase in tourism activities in rural areas causes the weather, the land to be increasingly at risk of pollution due to the creation of tourism infrastructure and facilities, as well as the damage caused by tourism business activities that meet the needs of tourists. The development of rural tourism inevitably has negative effects on the destination's environment and resources, such as overcrowding, water pollution, waste production, and vegetation destruction. The question of how to reduce the conflict between environmental sustainability and local economic interests has become an important issue in the development of rural tourism. However, the environment and natural resources are essential for the development of rural tourism. In fact, both ignorance and obvious disregard for environmental protection seriously weaken the attractiveness of destinations. Improving and preserving the natural environment and ecosystem is useful for maintaining the competitiveness of rural tourism destinations and achieving sustainable development of rural tourism. It must rely on the joint efforts of residents and tourists. Many studies have investigated how to encourage residents to show environmentally responsible behaviors and green consumption of tourists. In rural tourism, local residents play an essential role in preserving the environment because their behavior and daily activities directly affect the ecological integrity of the destination. The main goal of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the development of sustainable and environmentally preserver rural tourism.

In terms of the basical purpose and the research method used in this research, the qualitative method is the foundational data theory. This type of research is in search of discovering facts and realities and knowledge of phenomena and objects, which expand the boundaries of general human knowledge and discover scientific laws and explain the characteristics and attributes of a reality. In the system of elements of sustainable development of rural tourism, the factors are interdependent, mutual and corresponding. Thematic research of sustainable development not only requires the good performance of one factor, but also the compatibility between factors. In addition, disruption in any factor may lead to weakening or even failure of the entire rural tourism system. Only by explaining the logical relationship and hierarchical context between the factors can one understand the working mechanism of the rural tourism system and have a deeper understanding of the various problems facing sustainable development. As a result, the coordination and corresponding relationship between the factors can be adjusted to achieve the goal of sustainable rural tourism development. Therefore, it is necessary to use qualitative methods such as foundational data theory to examine the conceptual link of these elements. In this research, using purposive sampling, experts in the field of rural management and planning, tourism, environmental management have been used as participants in semi-structured interviews.

According to the findings of the research, the codings were done using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 122 preliminary propositions were extracted. Following an inductive approach (moving from part to whole), the statements extracted were categorized into 83 open codes, 49 axial codes, and 20 selective codes. From the results of the present research, it can be pointed out the effective role of each of the influential factors in the development of sustainable rural tourism and environmental protection, which are presented in the form of the concept of green rural tourism. In fact, green rural tourism can protect the environment while developing sustainable rural tourism, and it is expected that the components of this type of tourism can include sustainable and responsible tourism approaches and create an effective discourse strategy.According to the findings of the research, the codings were done using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 122 preliminary propositions were extracted. Following an inductive approach (moving from part to whole), the statements extracted were categorized into 83 open codes, 49 axial codes, and 20 selective codes. From the results of the present research, it can be pointed out the effective role of each of the influential factors in the development of sustainable rural tourism and environmental protection, which are presented in the form of the concept of green rural tourism. In fact, green rural tourism can protect the environment while developing sustainable rural tourism, and it is expected that the components of this type of tourism can include sustainable and responsible tourism approaches and create an effective discourse strategy.According to the findings of the research, the codings were done using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 122 preliminary propositions were extracted. Following an inductive approach (moving from part to whole), the statements extracted were categorized into 83 open codes, 49 axial codes, and 20 selective codes. From the results of the present research, it can be pointed out the effective role of each of the influential factors in the development of sustainable rural tourism and environmental protection, which are presented in the form of the concept of green rural tourism. In fact, green rural tourism can protect the environment while developing sustainable rural tourism, and it is expected that the components of this type of tourism can include sustainable and responsible tourism approaches and create an effective discourse strategy.

The environmental crisis in today's world is a serious issue. Despite spending large amounts of money to establish large technical projects to achieve environmental protection, the output has not been very satisfactory. Accordingly, in recent years, it has led Islamic thinkers to the important point that apart from technical issues, the approach of applying philosophy based on religion and ethics is very helpful in facilitating this issue. In the eyes of Islam, while respecting natural resources and the environment, they consider the purpose of creation of these divine gifts to serve all beings in the world. In the leading article, two mutual attitudes about the lack of environmental protection have been discussed; The first aspect: with a religious approach, he considered the environmental crisis in not applying religious teachings, and the second aspect: with a non-religious approach, he considered religious teachings such as non-dependence and caring for the world to be the cause of unlimited use of the natural environment. are This article claims with a descriptive-analytical method and with a comparative assessment of the above two views and placing the Islamic religion as a basis; The weakening of religious teachings about natural resources, followed by the distancing of the public from these teachings, has a direct role in intensifying the environmental crisis, and the solution is to strengthen the individual and social spiritual dimension of the society in the researched issue.

The increase in population and the expansion of urbanization, followed by the growth of industrial units, has led to the production of waste and pollutants, and the amount of effluents and wastes that humans enter the environment has increased. So that it is one of the most fundamental dangers of human society. Today, traditional waste collection and disposal systems are not accountable and can not prevent environmental pollution caused by various types of chemical, microbial, radioactive waste. Therefore, the scope of management of this category is very wide and variable, for such an issue there is no other way but management and strategic program. Waste pollution is not only a factor in increasing economic costs, but also a threat to human health both mentally and physically. Various wastes are the inevitable result of the widespread use of chemicals and industrial and agricultural products in everyday life. Global experience has shown that if waste is not properly managed and these materials are not converted into less hazardous materials by scientific and technical methods or are not disposed of properly and properly, they will be the source of many hazards and threats. Waste is an unavoidable product of any society, the management of which is one of the basic needs of society. Therefore, having a waste management system is essential. Waste management is as one of the most important concerns of human societies. Increasing volume of waste on the side and their diversity furthermore adds to the complexity of the conditions and how to collect and dispose of them. Waste management has always been one of the most important issues that governments consider in macro and regulatory laws and regulations. The urban waste management system in its modern sense emerged in the 1930s in industrialized countries. This becomes important for governments when the environmental and health risks of waste increase and find the dimensions of human rights and citizenship. In this regard, the purpose of this writing is to investigate the approach of the country's development programs in connection with waste management. Because of the importance of these programs in the development of the country, their study on the one hand provides the possibility of recognizing the shortcomings of the national development process and on the other hand corrects the trends. Also, since program laws are considered the most important development document in the country; Therefore, paying attention to waste management in the country's program laws can be an effective step in solving these cases.

Whereas the country's development plans are the most important policy documents in which development goals and strategies are formulated according to the ideals, capabilities, facilities and environmental conditions of the country; Paying attention to waste management in these programs can play an effective role. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method, first, considering the ambiguity of the concept of waste management to define and express this concept, then we have reviewed and analyzed the laws of the development program of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to waste management. In such a way that Articles related to the discussion of waste management are extracted and then these Articles, according to the different expressed subjects in them, categorized in six titles Municipal wastewater and sewage, pollution fines, hazardous waste management, new methods of waste disposal and recycling, financial issues of waste management.

By studying the provisions of the program laws, it became clear that the situation of waste management in Iran in recent years has been considered. Waste management is one of the most important pillars in sustainable development that the Law on Waste Management as a turning point in the attention of the Iranian legal system to the issue of "waste" as a comprehensive law in the field of dealing with the dangerous effects of pollution and problems caused by waste for their optimal management was approved by the legislature. Waste management is seriously considered in the Fourth Development Program Act. Also, one of the policies of the Sixth Development Program is to establish a comprehensive waste management system and to develop and support the recycling industry. So that the establishment of a comprehensive waste management system with the establishment of the system of evaluation, monitoring and monitoring of recycling activities are among the basic measures envisaged in this area. Pollution crimes in the third and fifth development programs have been considered for the comprehensive management and sustainable development of water resources in the country, according to which units that produce wastewater with more pollution than the national standards, in case of violation Execution of Sewage collection installations, filtration and Sanitary disposal of effluent are subject to fines. The management of some hazardous and new wastes, including nuclear wastes, is one of the challenges considered by legislators in the countries, which is also mentioned in Iranian law in the Fifth Development Program. One of the important issues and problems of countries is the achievement of new methods of waste management, which has been considered in the fourth, fifth and sixth development programs. Finally, it must be acknowledged that communities have faced one of the most important consequences of industrial development over the past few decades, and that improper transportation of waste is a major contributor to environmental pollution; Waste is one of the most fundamental hazards of human society that is considered an integral part of human life today, Therefore, having a waste management system is essential. Program rules can play a role in waste management and promote pollution control as industries develop. But to achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable development with an emphasis on environmental protection, we need a plan with a comprehensive view of all the factors affecting waste management, which can be taken in this direction by careful and principled planning, so that with proper management, these rules can be used in appropriate directions. Therefore, in the next step, we can think about filling the gaps and weaknesses and its pathology, and prepare and provide the necessary decision and action to improve its implementation status.

Education is one of the most important organs in the country which besides the task of education can play an important role in educating students about environmental behavior. Unfortunately, due to educational gaps and lack of environmental awareness and lack of sense of responsibility in the society, environmental problems in the country have reached the limit of crisis. The purpose of this study was to identify the effective dimensions and components of environmental protection by students. The purpose of this research is applied and in terms of data collection is a descriptive-survey research. The study population consisted of 21 experts and experts of Kermanshah Province Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Municipalities, Education and Tourism. Based on the theoretical literature, environmental impact indicators have been identified in this study and classified into four sub-criteria (awareness, education and information, responsibility and interest and participation) and 38 sub-criteria. Finally, these indices are analyzed using single-stage fuzzy Delphi method to identify the most important ones.