شهر اردبیل

Due to the fact that today the settlements are growing more than the population living in it (Regami et al., 2017). Therefore, we can expect that by 2030, the area of settlements will reach 3 times the population living in it (Sun et al., 2018). Naturally, this increase in the size of settlements will lead to land use change, which will lead to the destruction of ecosystems, ecological and anthropological balance, environmental pollution, destruction of agricultural lands, infrastructure changes in the structure and ecological function of the land and…will be. Therefore, this expansion needs proper management.

The present study is of developmental-applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. In the present study, the Landsat satellite image with the specifications listed in Table (1) and Google Earth software, ENVI4.8, ArcGIS10.2 have been used. Thus, satellite images from 2011 to 2021 were referenced by removing 23 control points from the image surface with an RMS error equal to 0.41 pixels of the earth. In geometric correction, points were selected for ground control that had a good distribution on the image surface to have less error in estimating unknown coefficients in the equation used. In the present study, the method of reducing the numerical value of dark pixels in images has been used for radiometric correction. In this way, a constant value of the total value of the pixels in a given band is reduced so that radiometric corrections can be applied to each satellite image. In the next step, due to the location of Ardabil city and its surroundings in two rows (67-134 and 1367-34), the images were mosaic. Then, using field visits and GPS, educational samples were identified for each user (settlement, seal, agriculture, desert) in the study area. Given that the control points were taken in 1400 and the images used in this study are from 2011 to 2021, there was a possibility of changes in use between this time period. Based on this, the points were visually compared with the images used and some of them that were suspected of changing the user were removed. Some of the harvested points were used for training and others for classification validation. In the present study, the classification was prepared using the support vector machine algorithm. Evaluation criteria (producer accuracy, user accuracy, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient) were used to evaluate the accuracy of image classification. In the next step, a map of land use changes in the study area was prepared and the changed land uses in the study period were identified and introduced. Were analyzed. Figure (2) shows the flow chart of the research stages.

After performing the backup vector classification algorithm on the satellite images of 2011 and 2021, land use maps were prepared (Figures 4 and 5). In the next step, the accuracy of the classifications was examined based on educational samples taken from the area. After applying the training samples on the image surface, the classification error matrix, statistical characteristics of producer accuracy, user accuracy, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were determined for each of the classes. The results are presented in Table (3). Then the area of each land use class was calculated and is presented in Figure (6). In the next step, a map of land use changes was prepared. Figure (7). After preparing the change map of each period, the area of each user category was calculated. The support vector machine method had high classification accuracy in satellite images due to its overall accuracy and high kappa coefficient.

In this study, first, satellite images (ETM-OLI) were used and the land use map of Ardabil and its surroundings was extracted by supervised classification (support vector machine). The results also show that satellite images have a unique ability to extract land uses. The results of the application of metrics used in this research show the efficiency of class area metrics, number of spots, spot density, margin density, largest spot index, total margin and percentage of appearance in land use change analysis. Based on the research findings, it can be said that the situation of Ardabil city in the current situation, due to improper use of resources and its destruction is irregular and indicates the development of destruction in this area. According to the land use change map obtained from the comparison of land use in 2011 and 2021, it can be seen that in the 11-year period, the use of the settlement has increased by 1242 hectares, while agricultural use has decreased by 859 hectares and dams by 26 hectares. Bayer has reduced 309 hectares. These changes in the present study were quantified by land use metrics. The results show that the values of metrics for each of these classes have changed over the study period. That is, the effects of destruction and conversion of land uses have also affected the shape and size of land uses. In the next step, the accuracy of the classifications was examined based on educational samples taken from the area. After applying the training samples on the image surface, the classification error matrix, statistical characteristics of producer accuracy, user accuracy, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were determined for each of the classes. Landscape analysis in this study shows the negative effects of human activities on land landscape changes. Given that the large number of spots indicates fragmentation and instability in the appearance of the land; As a result, low NP indicates stability. In the present study, metric analysis of the number of spots indicates that residential, agricultural and barren land use are in an unstable state. Metric analysis of land landscape percentage indicates that in both time periods, the highest land landscape percentage is agricultural land, barren, residential and dam, respectively. Therefore, the analysis of land landscape in this study shows the impact of human activities on land landscape change.

the city of Ardabil with its unique characteristics is an important example of the historical cities of Iran, whose physical analysis requires a more comprehensive research approach. This city was the cultural origin of the Safavids during the Safavid period and inspired the developments of other Iranian cities during this period. Developments that were rooted in a special culture that arose in Ardabil. The historical core of this city, like other Iranian cities, has been affected by the hasty actions resulting from industrial development and modernism, and it has suffered many problems. In addition, the worn-out tissues of this city have many complexities and physical-spatial problems in terms of morphology, which has caused the quality of life in this city to decrease. Therefore, the spatial and physical organization of this city requires a systemic and comprehensive approach and macro planning. Therefore, in the present research, the morphology and formation of problematic tissues in Ardabil city has been investigated and analyzed over time. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer the question, what are the changes in the morphology of Ardabil city during the periods (1373-1355) and (1373-present)?.

The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. In order to analyze the morphology of the city of Ardabil, the analysis of space arrangement (co-linking) has been used. In this study, using the map analysis method, to investigate the morphology of Ardabil city and its changes and developments during the periods (1373-1355) and (1373-until now) in Ardabil city level using the parameter (interconnection as the main feature of the layout Space) has been done with the help of Autocad Civil 3D 2017 and Arc Gis software. In order to carry out the research process, it was first prepared using documents and manual maps related to the initial periods of growth and development in the municipality, and other maps were prepared with the help of the Tafadili plan map of Ardabil city with the application of physical changes related to each period, as maps The basis for drawing the axial line was done by considering the principles governing how to draw the lines in the studied courses with the help of AutoCAD software. Then, urban blocks were removed and the remaining linear layers were saved. In order to continue the work, each of the maps were reread using the Syntax Space plugin in the Arc Gis environment, which is one of the spatial arrangement analysis tools, and the spatial analysis parameter was performed by detecting the degree of connectivity, and the map and descriptive table were obtained from the results. The output was taken. In the continuation of the work process, in order to better understand the spatial analysis, by executing the commands related to the classification of the values along with the graphic display, the data output was saved in the form of tables, graphs and graphic maps, and these data were the criteria for descriptive analysis in different periods. it placed. The analysis was based on the evaluation and analysis of the correlation average and the correlation difference (difference between the highest and the lowest degree of correlation).

The morphological changes of Iranian cities are affected by historical events during a period of 43 years from the beginning of the contemporary century. The spatial structure of Ardabil city, like other cities in the country, has been affected by various factors, and with the passage of time and in the course of various developments that have occurred, it has gradually taken on the texture of the city as it is today. The old context of Ardabil city consists of six main neighborhoods of the city including: Gazran, Sarcheshmeh, Pir Abdul Malik Towi, Ali Qapo and Ochdekan, the first characteristic of these neighborhoods is their growth in relation to the market (city) which has expanded radially. But at the same time with the construction measures, the shape and growth and expansion of the city changed in such a way that with the entry of Bazar Street and the neighborhoods, they were split and the center of the neighborhoods is located at the edge of the streets. In addition, point elements such as banks, urban meeting places, cinemas and public libraries have caused the mixing and connection of similar uses with trans-neighborhood functions in some neighborhoods. This structure has formed the main body of the city fabric and has played an important role in the development process of the city until today. Due to having such a role, changes in the values of the spatial structure have been one of the influential factors in the changes in the morphology of Ardabil city.Period (1373-1355): The third period (50s) can be considered the period of physical growth and development without a pattern to the expansion of the checkered pattern function and the centralizing structure. In this period, along with the increase in thecity's population, the city's inner limits did not have the capacity for the additional population. Therefore, with the destruction of the fence, development and expansion continues towards the south and north. In this period after the Islamic Revolution (1960s), the conditions of the revolution and political developments such as the imposed war in most sectors, especially in the urban construction sector, became disorderly, and subsequently, the urbanization and urban development of Niaz also became irregular. The rapid growth of urbanization and the physical expansion of the city in this period continued strongly in the official form and within the framework of comprehensive, special and informal plans in the form of car settlements and peripheral structures. Among the most important features of this accelerated growth, we can mention the horizontal expansion of the city, the transformation of the physical structure, the excessive acceleration, the increase of the urban limits in unbalanced and balanced forms, and the ignoring of the city's internal capabilities and opportunities.Period (1373-present): The analysis maps of space layout parameters for the city of Ardabil in this period show that the east-west axis of Imam Khomeini Street of the city has the highest value of connection and connects the important points of the city to each other. After that, the north-south axis of Kashani street has the highest value of connection. In general, the main thoroughfares of the city are shown in the red color spectrum. Therefore, based on the theories of space arrangement, the probability of movement and activity in these axes is high. According to the Niaz connection map, the most accessible urban roads in terms of communication are the north-south axis of Kashani Street and the east-west axis of Imam Khomeini Street. In other words, these axes are the main axes in the spatial structure of Ardabil city and play the most role in shaping the spatial structure of Ardabil city. As expected, the heart of the city has the highest degree of inclusive connectivity. In general, based on the results of this study, it can be said that one of the most important factors influencing the changes in the fabric of Ardabil city over time is the changes in the degree of connectivity caused by the changes. It has been physical-spatial.In this regard, the most important suggestions are:The weak and strong points of the main morphology of each city should be redefined in the construction and urban development plans and identified with the help of the space layout method; The spatial structure of less developed neighborhoods should be investigated and analyzed before any intervention (renovation, reconstruction or improvement) by means of methods such as space layout; context-oriented urban planning and design should be taken into consideration and the spatial and non-spatial values of the area should be considered in urban plans; The role and impact of the main elements of the historical area of the city in the entire structure of the city should be considered and the inner structure of the neighborhoods and how it relates to the surrounding context should be understood and deduced to improve its structural problems; Equal distribution of uses and suitable neighborhoods to realize dynamism, activity and vitality in all the historical context of the city should be considered and investigated; In examining and analyzing the spatial structure of cities and problematic contexts, researches should be analyzed based on specific features in the spatial structure and organization related to the area.

Local communities have always been the first to help the victims immediately after the disaster. Therefore, we should try to empower them as much as possible. Today community based components in disaster management occupies a very high position in the field of disaster management. Because in facing various disasters and reducing the damages caused by them, there has been a transition from the traditional paradigm of disaster management, where the focus was on the physical approach, to the new approach of community based disaster management. In this approach, the social dimensions of people's participation in decision-making and their implementation are among the most important stages of the disaster management process. Taking advantage of social resources, building local capacity and empowering the community to face various disasters are the basic components of this approach. In order to optimally manage the different stages of the disaster, various approaches are used. An approach that has been noticed in recent years is the developmental or community based approach. In this approach, an effort is made to increase the ability of the society to adapt to the harmful consequences of risks through capacity building and empowering the members of the society, and by involving participants into actions that lead to the reduction of the risk, and to empower the society to prevent and face with disasters and finally return to the original situation. In the form of this approach, two sub-approaches of the structural ideology and the institutional ideology have been explained in this direction. The structural ideology emphasizes on socio-economic criteria and the institutional ideology is based on the concept of resilience. In fact, the failure of top-down approaches caused a series of social and cultural topics such as trust, values and norms, social capital and human capacities to be taken into consideration in the field of urban, local and regional planning and management.In the field of institutional approach, the correction and improvement of local institutional procedures and arrangements is emphasized. In this field, the main emphasis is not only on activate government political institutions at the local level, but also on the role of agents and non-governmental institutions. According to what is said, it can be found that the Institutional approach as a sub-approach of community-oriented disaster management is one of the latest approaches in the field of disaster management which is oriented in disaster management in connection with the participation of the citizens of Ardabil city.

The current research is descriptive and analytical with an applied purpose. During the study of the theoretical literature, it was found that basically the realization of people's participation in urban affairs, of which disaster management is also considered a part of; It requires providing the necessary grounds and platforms at the community level. Therefore, due to the wide range of the issues, it was tried to provide the criteria to investigate this issue within the scope of the study. The basis for choosing criteria is based on library and document studies, which include 6 criteria of (sense of place, social cooperation, social trust, social cohesion, incentive policies and educational activities) and 30 sub-criteria. The statistical population of this research is the districts of five regions of Ardabil city, and the questionnaires was used to collect statistics and information. The content validity of the questions of questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha with the coefficient of 0.818. To obtain the statistical sample size, Cochran's formula was used, which was estimated to be 384 people with an error percentage of 0.05 and a confidence factor of 95%. Stratified random sampling method is proportional to attribution. In selecting the samples, we tried to refer mostly to the heads of the household. After indexing, first the average of each index was calculated using SPSS software, and then after weighting the studied indices using the Shannon entropy method, the target areas in the Excel software were ranked using the MABAC method.

In this research, in order to evaluate the participation of citizens of Ardabil city in urban crisis management, the Likert scale was used and the answers were ranked 1 to 5. In this way 1 refers to the lowest participation and 5 is the highest amount. In this way, the number 3 is considered as the theoretical median of the answers and the average obtained from the participation rate is compared with the number 3. Based on the results of the statistical calculations, the average of the total citizen participation criteria is 2.81 and is lower than the average. Among these, the lowest average is related to educational activities (2.59) and the highest average is related to social cohesion (3.50). Therefore, it can be concluded that despite the high potential of Ardabil city in the field of various risks and despite the repetition of many disasters; unfortunately, the city officials have not been able to realize the main deficiency of the urban crisis management system that is the weakness or lack of public participation.The weakness of people's participation, which is one of the important principles of sustainable management, has caused that despite spending a lot of money in the disaster management system of Ardabil city, the urban system is still disturbed and confused by the occurrence of natural hazards. In addition, in the present research attempts to prioritize the areas of the 5 regions of Ardabil city in terms of the level of citizens' participation in disaster management by using the MABAC method. For this purpose, the citizens' responses were first collected and the average responses were entered in the Excel software as the primary matrix, and then the MABAC method was used to rank the areas. The results show that district 1 of the region 1 with a Q value of 0.546, is at the first rank, district 1 of the region 3, ranked second with a Q value of 0.351; district 2 of the region1, ranked third with a value of 0.315. Also, district 3 of region 4 ranks last with a Q value of -0.432.In order to improve the participation of the citizens of Ardabil in urban disaster management, for each of the criteria considered for the current research the following suggestions and solutions were presented: implementing educational programs and also distributing features such as motivation, worrying about the future, helping and related knowledge and skills in schools, universities and visual, written and listening media seem necessary. Considering that one of the influential factors in citizens' participation is their satisfaction with city facilities and services, therefore, the city officials should distribute city services fairly at the city, ensure public welfare and comfort of the people, and create a safe and healthy urban space in order to Provide the basis for the participation of citizens as much as possible. By holding meetings at the neighborhood level and creating a local council, the city officials can take advantage of citizens' opinions, suggestions and criticisms, and by establishing a disaster management information and communication network which is a communication bridge between city officials and citizens, increase social trust and as a result, provide a greater desire for collaborative affairs among citizens. According to the results of the present research, the average indicators related to the sense of place in the areas that have better environmental conditions and physical quality (district 1 of region 3, district 2 of region 1, district 1 of region 1) compared to other districts is higher. Therefore, it seems that physical improvement - even if it is insignificant - and revitalization of community places in urban areas; It can facilitate the participation of citizens in the disaster management of Ardabil city.

Introduction, context and expression of the problem:

The city has always faced numerous issues since its inception, including acute and fundamental issues that have been regarded as the major challenge of the Third Millennium, the issue of unstable development and out of urban rule as settlements. It is informal. Such areas with a reflection of urban poverty and the lack of equipment for residents in the area, both in developed and retarded countries, especially in developing and retarded countries, which are somehow facing severe spatial inequality. They do. Unofficial settlements are the result of rapid urbanization and economic problems of developing countries and developing countries. This unreadable urban phenomenon has caused many problems for cities, which is one of the biggest urban problems. However, there have been various methods and perspectives to solve the problems and problems caused by these settlements. These methods can be separated in two groups of physical engineering and social engineering. Of course, the second methods, especially the empowerment strategy, are today in the world of marginalization and informal accommodation literature. Therefore, in this study, while introducing the strategies and perspectives of the problem of informal settlements, the feasibility of applying the empowerment strategy, which is a social method, has been investigated to solve the problems of informal settlements in Ardabil.

The type of applied -development research and the method of studying it has been a descriptive -analytical, as well as the fruit of information and data, libraries and fields. The narrative test used in this study is formal and content narrative. The questionnaires were given to the masters of urban geography to test formal and content testing. Also, the opinions and suggestions of students and researchers in various disciplines related to official and urban planning have been used. Since the study is one of the sample of inferential descriptive studies, it is necessary to consider the reliability of the questionnaire to choose the ability to be used in the environment and other space. Cronbach's alpha method was used to achieve this result. The questionnaire used at 77% alpha shows an acceptable amount compared to the minimum reliability of 67%.The statistical population in this study includes residents of informal settlements in Ardebil (84732). In this study, the Cochran method was used to obtain the sample size and eventually 349 people were selected as the sample size. Statistical methods were used to analyze the collected information. In this study, because of qualitative traits and data used, inferential statistics were obtained by the use of the CHI-Square test with a meaningful level of 0.05. SPSS and Excel software has been used to analyze the data collected. The numerical average analysis has also been used to rank each of the indicators in the empowerment process.

According to field studies, the descriptive results of the study show that out of 349 family supervisors who were questioned, 312 were 89.4 percent of men and 37 were 10.6 percent female. In the case of a household dimension of 349 respondents in the study range 8 households equivalent to 2.3 % with 1 person, 65 households equivalent to 12.62 % with 2 people, 71 households equivalent to 34.34 % with 3 people, 95 households equivalent to 22// 27 % have 4 people and finally 110 households equivalent to 31.52 % have 5 and more. Studies on household origin show that the results show that out of 349 family supervisors who answered the author's questions 223 people equivalent to 63.9 % of Ardabil villages, 67 people equivalent to 2. /19 % of the villages of Moshginshahr, 55 people equivalent to 15.8 % of Moghan and 4 households have cited their demands from other areas of the province, equivalent to 1.1. The percentage is that 113 household supervisors equivalent to 32.4 % of their migration reasons to find work, 32 people were 9.2 % lack of welfare facilities, 78 people equivalent to 22.3 % of kinship and 7 equivalent The percentage of natural disasters and 92 household supervisors, equivalent to 26.4 percent of the land, and finally 27 %, equivalent to 7.7 %, cited the other reason for their migration. Therefore, it can be said that finding the right work and then the cheapness of land has been the most important reasons for migrating to the area. Also, the job status of household supervisors within the study scope indicates that workers and freelance jobs have a significant share. Also, the inferential results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between all independent variables on the research and the dependent variable empowering informal settlements. The numerical mean analysis was used to rank each of the indicators in the empowerment process. As shown in Table 4-4, according to Friedman's test, there is a significant difference between the mean empowerment indices at the alpha level of 0.01. In the meantime, the highest average of 4.59 physical indexes), economic indexes (4.56) and the lowest to macro indexes (3.58) and environmental and environmental health indicators ( 65/3) dedicated. Investigating the average data from the quantitative analysis of existing capacity existing capacity indicators of informal accommodation

One of the issues that neglect or lack of attention in the long run can have many negative consequences for people and city managers is informal accommodation. Using the wrong methods of dealing with this phenomenon is not less than neglect and neglect. In Third World countries, including Iran, the method of dealing with this phenomenon, namely, has been the use of physical methods, while today the negative consequences of using this method have become clear to all urban managers and planners. The use of community -based methods is quite clear and tangible. Accordingly, it is necessary to arrange the appropriate programs to empower these places in order to enable social empowerment. So far, many methods have been used to eliminate the problem of informal accommodation, but in practice they have not had the necessary and acceptable acceptance, and these methods have faced many problems. The reasons for this dilemma (lack of responsibility, spatial lack, social cohesion, lack of social participation, lack of awareness, etc.) may be that factors such as citizens' lack of awareness of their citizenship rights, lack of confidence in government agencies because Failure to fulfill demands, lack of citizens' belonging to their place of residence, existence of government -run standards, bureaucratic dealing with urban problems, lack of transparency of urban management activities and city councils for citizens, government -governing councils And the sovereignty of the central culture of the central culture should be returned to the local level rather than the central demand for the people and the government and the lack of attention to the real needs of citizens. Investigating the average data from the quantitative analysis of existing capacity existing capacities of informal accommodation indicators of Ardebil city indicates high level of high level, which brings more attention to relevant authorities and institutions in the field of urban management to the range. The purpose of the study requires.

Urban elements (memorials) play an important role in the process of forming, changing and reproducing urban identity. In today's conditions, where the identity of cities is undergoing changes with great speed, the position of urban elements as elements of the city's identity doubles. In the past, the Iranian city had a special personality and identity, while in the current situation, it is moving towards the diminution of its identity. Inadequate attention of the creators of urban spaces and elements to the concept of beauty, along with the prevalence of mercantile spirit in many urban activities, including constructions, causes this problem to emerge and intensify. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of public art in enhancing the identity of urban spaces from the perspective of women in Ardabil city. This research is applied in terms of nature and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The data needed in this study were collected through field and library methods. The statistical population of the research is women (experts and non-experts in art, architecture) in Ardabil city. which is done by simple random sampling method. Spss software and statistical test (one-sample t) were used for data analysis. The research results show. Among the average questions, the questions related to famous statues have the highest score with (4.16) percent and cultural-local statues with an average of (3.96), as well as the variables (promoting creativity and helping to strengthen the local economy). with an average of 4.27, they have the highest frequency. From the point of view of women, the creation of public arts in Ardabil city will give identity and increase the creativity of citizens and the prosperity of the local economy by attracting tourism to the city. Therefore, urban managers can increase the quality of urban spaces and the quality and vitality of citizens, especially the women of the city, who are half of the society, by planning and designing urban elements based on history and culture, as well as based on visual beauty in the city.

The increase in the urban population, the expansion of industries, and as a result, the diversity of activities and population, and as a result of the rapid physical transformations of the city, have changed the previous equations governing the spatial organization of cities, and the city is faced with new and frequent issues and problems in the environmental, social, economic and physical fields. unknown has been encountered. Issues that lead to the uncontrollable development of urban areas, the creation of new settlements, the reduction of the level of human welfare, unplanned constructions, reaching the suburbs and the occurrence of many urban problems. It is in different dimensions. In this regard, the logical and practical tools and solutions of many countries to overcome the problems and problems of cities and urban areas and improve their biological and physical conditions; Conducting urban studies and preparing and implementing urban development plans.Thinking about urban planning (in its current form) started with mere theorizing and idealism from the beginning of the 19th century. With the beginning of the 20th century, planning was inclined to concrete and detailed issues, and attention to general and everyday issues such as health, transportation, urban form, etc., took the place of general ideas. With the outbreak of the Second World War and the comprehensive destruction of cities, urban development changes from a one-dimensional to a multi-dimensional perspective, and the issue of urban development is addressed more comprehensively. In Iran, the process of preparing urban development plans (the dominant pattern of comprehensive and detailed plans) has started since the 1340s. After about six decades of the preparation of these plans, with the aim of preventing the uneven and abnormal development of cities and providing a strategy to regulate urban development, the aforementioned plans could not fully achieve their goals. Also, the evaluation process as a management tool in order to achieve the goals and success of urban development plans has not found the proper and necessary place in the planning system. In this regard, the city of Ardabil is not an exception to the rule, and it seems that the plans and goals of the comprehensive plan of the city of Ardabil have not been realized. in the master plan of Ardabil city; The goals, strategies and policies suitable for the macro development vision of Ardabil city "Progressive City, Green City" have been explained and proposed. In this research, the environmental goals and the degree of realization of these aspects are specifically discussed.

The research method used in this research is mixed or combined (quantitative and qualitative). In this study, both quantitative and qualitative methods with sequential exploratory model were used. First, qualitative data was collected and analyzed, then quantitative data (as a supplementary plan) was collected and analyzed in the second stage. Finally, both qualitative and quantitative analysis have been interpreted at the same time. The statistical population of this research is managers, officials and experts in the field of urban planning and management, as well as academic elites. It should be noted that the field investigation and observation of the results of the comprehensive plan of Ardabil city, interviews with officials and managers of the area of Ardabil urban development plans, questioning of urban experts and academic elites; The data collection methods of the present research are analyzed using the one-sample T-test in the form of SPSS software.

Evaluation plays a key role in the success of urban development projects. It is very important to evaluate the feasibility of plans in the field of planning. Despite the fact that there is no standard approach and method for developing a suitable evaluation framework; But in the field of evaluating the feasibility of plans, there is a comprehensive agreement between planners and academics that the mentioned matter is the key solution to determine the success and responsiveness of the plans. Because the lack of success in the realization of plans has long been considered as an important and significant obstacle in achieving an effective planning.Considering the importance of evaluating urban development plans, the aim of this research is to evaluate the degree of realization of the environmental proposals of the comprehensive urban plan of Ardabil. The results obtained from document reviews, field observations, interviews and experts' questionnaires show that the comprehensive urban plan of Ardabil has not been successful.Considering the environmental proposals of the master plan and their progress up to the horizon of the plan (1400), it can be concluded that the degree of realization of the environmental proposals of the master plan of Ardabil city was average. Despite the fact that 15 years have passed since the preparation and approval of the comprehensive plan of Ardabil city, and in fact the horizon of the plan has ended, but still the environmental proposals have not been realized. Even the short-term proposals that were defined for one or two years have not been realized after 15 years.Also, the proposals presented for a congregation were less than 550 thousand people (including the area of influence, 600 thousand people), while the current population of Ardabil city in the horizon of 1400 is more than 660 thousand people (that is, 20% of the population forecast difference). It means that the set of proposals presented for a population smaller than the predicted population has not been realized. And that in the comprehensive plan of Ardabil city, the macro perspective of the development of Ardabil city was proposed and predicted under the title of "green city", while in the horizon of the relevant plan, Ardabil faces a series of environmental issues such as air pollution, reduction of space per capita green, traffic, frequent flooding and complicated roads, change of land use, increase of urban waste and lack of proper and timely collection, reduction of quality of life and livability of Ardabil city, dominance of horse over pedestrian (vehicle driven), reduction of quantity and The quality of drinking water has been affected by the increase in the use of non-renewable energies, which indicates the instability of Ardabil city in the environmental field.Therefore, in order to realize the goals of the development projects, it is suggested that, along with predicting a sufficient budget and identifying the person responsible for the realization of each proposal, the necessary executive guarantees should also be considered. Because the problem of providing financial resources, fragmentation in the implementation of the comprehensive urban plan (lack of integrated urban management) and lack of strong laws and regulations in the field of program implementation is one of the most important issues surrounding the realization of the proposals of urban development plans.

Today, the resilience approach is used to manage crises caused by risks and achieve sustainable development. This approach has four dimensions, one of the most important of which is the institutional-organizational dimension. This dimension of resilience emphasizes the role of authorities in preventing disaster. The aim of the present study is to assess the institutional-organizational resilience of Ardabil city against environmental hazards from the citizens' point of view. The present research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose. In order to collect data, the field sampling method (completing a questionnaire) has been used and in this regard, a number of thousands of questionnaires, proportional to the size and population of neighborhoods and have been completed in a randomly classified method. In the present research process, in order to determine the weight of the 6 main research indicators, the entropy method was used from the opinions of 10 experts (by snowball method) and in order to overlap the layers, the functions in Arc GIS software in the form of Vicor model were used. The study area of this research is the city of Ardabil and its neighborhoods. The results of the research have shown that among the 6 general indicators of the research, the risk reduction index is more important than other indicators. Also, the spatial results regarding the institutional resilience of Ardabil city against environmental hazards indicate that the areas located in the northwest and northeast of Ardabil city (with marginal texture and villages integrated into the city) are in a state of damage. The central area of the city (with organic texture) and the southern part of the city (with planned texture) are in a state of resilience. In general, the high vulnerability of the lower neighborhoods (in terms of texture type) is due to the weakness of institutional dimensions.

The current research is an effort towards the optimal location of electric vehicle charging stations in Ardabil city. The current research is practical in nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, which has attempted to locate electric vehicle charging stations using ARCGIS software and using the WLC model in the form of 5 criteria and 27 sub-criteria. According to the results obtained in the present research, the suitable places suitable for the existing barren land in the city and the land with a suitable location for the electric vehicle charging station, such as the area inside the Shahada highway, especially next to Imam Khomeini street (between the intersection of Bahonar and Jihad square), which He pointed out the reason for the density of uses and infrastructures and especially the location of the central core of the city as an almost mononuclear city. It is also possible to build a station on the routes around the city center (the western and northwestern areas of the city and the inner and outer parts of Basij highway on the side of Shahryar (Arazali) and Aras neighborhoods and the town of experts) in order to decentralize the main core of the city. Also, considering that the city of Ardabil has a touristic nature, and on the other hand, the city of Ardabil is located in the direction of moving from the northwest of the country to the north of the country; It is possible to benefit from installing electric car charging stations at the important entrance and exit gates of the city by using waste lands and if it is possible to adapt and combine them with refueling uses (gasoline pumps).

Noise pollution can be found today in most urban and industrial areas of cities, which has many effects on hearing, emotions, psyche and human body, and its high level can cause serious damage to the health of the individual and society. The city of Ardabil is not free from this problem and noise pollution can be seen in the crowded and busy squares and intersections of the city. These squares and intersections have not been studied as they should be and perhaps from the angle of noise pollution in order to pay attention to specific reactions in proportion to the load of noise pollution and the reflection of its effects. Therefore, in the present study, the situation of noise pollution in crowded and busy intersections and intersections of Ardabil city in the distance between Tazeh Maidan and Sarein station has been investigated. According to the issues raised, the present study seeks to answer the question of what is the situation of noise pollution in squares and busy intersections of Ardabil city (fresh distance from the square to Sarein station)?

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The required information has been collected in the form of field studies and the use of questionnaires, interviews, observations and library-documentary studies according to the nature of the problem and the purpose of the research. The statistical population of the study consists of the citizens of Ardabil, which has 525,702 people, of which 382 people were selected as a sample based on the Cochran's formula. In order to increase the accuracy of the work, a total of 420 questionnaires were distributed and completed by stratified random sampling method (70 questionnaires for each of the selected fields). The results of calculating the Cronbach's alpha test for the questionnaire were 0.823, which indicates the high reliability of the research tool.All steps of data processing were performed with Excel and SPSS software and finally to prioritize the studied fields in terms of noise pollution from The COPRAS multi-criteria decision model is used.COPRAS model:Multi-criteria decision models (MCDMs), sometimes called multi-objective decision models and multi-criteria analysis models, are actually a set of methods that allow decision makers to consider A set of criteria (often contradictory) to select, rank, sort, or describe a set of options in the decision-making process .Many models have been proposed for multi-criteria decisions, each of which has advantages and limitations (Poor Taheri, 1392: 37). The most important features of Coopras multi-criteria decision model compared to other multi-criteria decision models can be mentioned as follows:1- It is clear that this model is simpler than other models such as AHP and TOPSIS and requires less time for calculations compared to these methods.2. Coopers can provide a complete ranking of options.3- This model is able to use both quantitative and qualitative criteria to calculate the criteria.4. Coopers has the ability to calculate positive (maximum) and negative (minimum) criteria separately in the evaluation process.5. Another important feature that makes the Coopras decision model superior to other decision models is that it can estimate the degree of importance of each option and show it by percentage to what extent a better option or It is worse and in this respect to make a complete comparison between the options.The following is a calculation of the Coopras model.Step 1: Form the initial matrixAfter determining the weight of the criteria, the decision matrix is formed as the first step of the Coopers model. The decision matrix means that the options are on one side of the matrix and the criteria are on the other.Step 2: Form a collective decision matrix In this step, the respondents' opinions are aggregated using the arithmetic mean.Step 3: Formation of normalized (weighted) matrix To weight the decision matrix, using Equation (1), the values of each option are multiplied by their weight and divided by the sum of the values. Relationship (1): dij = In this formula, qi is the weight of the i index and xij is the value of each option per criterion: Step 4: Calculate the value of positive and negative criteria (Sj- & Sj-) In this step, we calculate the positive sj + criteria using Equation (2) and the negative sj- criteria using Equation (3). A positive or consistent criterion is a criterion that, as its value increases, its desirability increases, but for negative criteria, the desirability decreases as the value increases. After determining the positive and negative criteria, the final value of the positive and negative criteria should be calculated using equations (2) and (3).Relationship (2): Sj+ Relationship (3): Sj- Step 5: Calculate the final value of the options (Q value) In this step, the final value of each option (Q) is calculated. In this section, first 1 is divided by Sj and then according to Equation (4), the value of Q is calculated for each option, in which the value of Q indicates the value and importance of each option in terms of criteria. Step 6: Determine the desirability of the options Finally, using Equation (5), the option with a degree of desirability close to one is the best option. That is, it is enough to divide the number Q among the numbers obtained in the previous step by the maximum Q. The total value of each criterion varies from 0 to 100% and the best and worst option is determined among this range.

In this study, in order to evaluate the situation of noise pollution in busy squares and intersections of Ardabil city, a 5-point Likert scale was used and ranks 1 to 5 were assigned to the answers, score 1 indicates the lowest quality and score 5 indicates The highest quality is the relevant criterion. Thus, the number 3 is considered as the theoretical median of the answers and the average obtained from the noise pollution situation is compared with the number 3. Based on the results of statistical calculations, the highest amount of noise pollution is related to the market with an average (4.476) and the lowest amount of noise pollution is related to Sarein station with an average (3.573). The average of total noise pollution is also higher than the average (3). In the Coopers model, the option that has the best status in terms of criteria is identified with the highest degree of Nj importance, which is equal to 100%; As can be seen in Table 2, Sarein station with Nj 100 has the lowest amount of noise pollution and in the best condition and market intersection with Nj 386/80 has the most noise pollution and in the most unfavorable condition compared to other squares and intersections has been studied. Among the studied variables, the variable related to the amount of noise caused by the activities of businesses and street vendors in the market area has had the greatest impact on increasing the amount of noise pollution at this intersection.

Despite there has been lots of efforts in many countries to reduce hazards, damages, costs and negative effects of various disasters are increasing. Therefore, the way to overcome consequence of this disasters is by having correct plans and utilizing new disaster management dimensions and methods. There are two approaches to properly manage different stages of disaster; which are the modern approach and the developmental approach. The developmental or so-called the community-based approach has been considered recently. In this approach the aim is to empower the individuals in community which will increase adaptability against harmful consequences of hazards; and by involving them in actions which will lead to risk reduction, we can prepare them to prevent, maintain and deal with disasters and return them to a stable situation. The modern approach, which it's organizational structure is hierarchical from top to bottom, the participation of stockholders in society are not considerable.Researches show that this approach fails in preparing and preventing from disasters due to the lack of participatory element and giving disproportionate responses to basic needs of society. At the same time, due to the implementation of unnecessary programs and ignorance of individual opinions in the community, it has led to dissatisfaction with the performance of responsible organizations.The present study is formed in framework of structural hazardology perspective and its purpose is to evaluate the qualities of Ardabil city disaster management with emphasize on the structural approach. The special geographical, climatic, demographic and economic situation of Ardabil city has provided the basis for numerous disasters caused by various environmental hazards in this city. Due to features like centrality of province and it's political and economic importance, this city is categorized as a critical city.

The purpose of this study is practical, and descriptive- analytical in terms of method. This study is based on a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). First the qualitative and then the qualitative data was collected and analyzed. Finally, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were interpreted. In this study by reviewing research literature and according to the theories of many scientists, the conceptual dimensions of structural approaches of disaster management were identified and presented. Then in order to prepare questioners and obtain proper tools to collect required data, through discussions with Delphi group, 43 components in 11 factors were identified for this research. In order to measure the effect of structural approach factors on the disaster management system of Ardabil city the factors and components extracted in previous stages were set as questionnaires in the forms of Likert scales. The statistical population of this study are officials working in governmental and non-governmental organizations in the field of disaster management in Ardabil. The sample size in this research are 105 people which were determined using Cohen's formula with 95% confidence level and effect size of 0.1. Questionnaires were distributed among officials using purposeful sampling. Filled questionnaires and data were used in smart pls and spss software to get structure modelling analysis. In this study Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) methods were used to assess the validity. Also the standard average variance extracted (AVE) method has been used to evaluate the convergent validity of the research, the results of which show high reliability and validity of research variables. Then in order to compare the statistics of factors affecting Ardabil disaster management system, Friedman test was carried out to evaluate the average rank of research factors.

To analyze the significance of the relationships between research factors and components of the urban crisis management system, second-order confirmatory factor analysis were used. To calculate the reliability of research components (observed variables), factor load tests have been used. The results show that all variables have a factor load higher than the minimum value of 0.7, which indicates the appropriate reliability of the variables. The results of structural equation modeling show that The factors identified for this research, explains the quality of urban disaster management with 0.613. The highest path coefficient of direct path is for management factors (0.733), living conditions (0.538) knowledge and equipment (0.528); and the lowest amount are related to laws and regulations (0.244) and citizen participation (0.302). Also, to evaluate the significance of the relationships between variables (the significance of the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable), value of t-statistic obtained from the output of the model has been used. In the direct path of the factors of management issues: storage, support system and planning (8.925, 6.625, 6.622, respectively) has the highest t-value, and the factors of citizen participation, laws and regulations (3.233, 3.306, respectively) has the lowest t-value assigned to them. In the indirect path, that is caused by the influence of factors on other factors, for example, the amount of t-value of influence of knowledge and equipment on citizen participation is equal to (23,160). Management issues on the living conditions of society (7.520), and laws and regulations on community member's safety is (2.217) and so on. In general, the results show that all factors have a good ability to measure the main structure of this research, which is the quality of urban disaster management system with emphasis on the structural approach. Because the amount of P-value for all factors is less than 0.05, the amount of T-value for all factors is greater than 1.96 and also the value of Beta (path coefficient) for all factors of research is greater than 0.1. The analyses of measurement models quality test show that the measuring tool has a good quality because the 1- SSE / SSO index for latent variable is positive. To evaluate the quality of the structural model, the GOF index has been used which with 0.408, indicates the desirability of this model. In the continuation of the research, Friedman test was carried out with the aim of ranking the factors affecting the quality of disaster management. Since the significance level of the test is less than 0.05; at the 95% confidence level, it can be said that the average rank of research factors and components are not equal. The results show that all factors identified for research have a positive effect on the disaster management system of Ardabil. Based on the analysis, the results indicate that the study of disaster management without considering concepts such as structure and system, cannot lead planners and managers to a true understanding of it. Therefore, in order to enhance the quality of the disaster management system, appropriate structures should be utilized in communities.

‌‌Today, livability has been proposed as one of the appropriate solutions to achieve urban development and ultimately a basis for achieving sustainability. One of the topics that urban livability can affect is urban tourism. Ardabil, as a study sample of this research, is one of the cities with high tourism potential. For this reason, the main goal of this research is to measure the livability and sustainable tourism of Ardabil city and the relationship between them. In this regard, this research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The required data was collected by means of a researcher's questionnaire tool and through 385 citizens and 100 tourists. For data analysis, one-sample T, independent T, and Pearson correlation tests were used in SPSS software. The findings of the research have shown that the livability of Ardabil city and its tourism are average. In terms of dimensions, the economic dimension is in a worse condition than the social, physical and environmental dimensions, and that there is a meaningful, consistent and strong relationship between livability and sustainable tourism, that is, with the development and improvement of the condition of the component. With sustainable tourism, the city of Ardabil will become more sustainable and vice versa.

Today, due to the expansion of urban life as well as the industrial development of cities, we are witnessing the occurrence of various physical and mental illnesses. Accordingly, the significant importance of tourism, especially in the physical and mental sector at the global level and from various aspects, especially health tourism, has been revealed to everyone. Health tourism is a type of tourism that is done to maintain, improve and regain physical and mental health. Factors such as changes in consumer values, construction changes, aging population and the needs of the health care system can be considered as the main factors in the emergence of health tourism. The combination of these factors has made health tourism one of the most growing types of tourism. In general, health tourism is divided into three categories: health tourism; Medical tourism and medical tourism are divided. In the meantime, medical tourism is a type of health tourism, the patient may need to use medical tourism spaces and services after treatment. Medical tourism is linked through hotels, airlines and transportation, leisure activities, and all infrastructure related to the tourism industry, and is coordinated with other institutions such as hospitals, insurance companies, and travel agencies. Finds. Medical tourism includes not only essential and elective medical treatments (surgical and non-surgical), but also health treatments with services for accommodation, entertainment, hospitality, tours or attractions. According to global statistics, Iran does not have a special place among the top countries attracting medical tourists, but in terms of value in medical tourism is reported as the tenth top country. The city of Ardabil is no exception to this rule. Because this city has a special position in the country and has countless potentials and tourist attractions and has numerous capacities and potentials of national and international tourism. Today, medical tourism in Ardabil has become one of the growing sectors in the tourism industry. This city, due to its limitations in various dimensions, has a very high potential in the development of tourism, especially medical tourism for Azeri citizens. This city is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the field of health tourism in the country and even in the region in terms of geographical and climatic conditions, access to natural resources and attractions, proximity to hot and mineral waters that are known as paradise springs. The river and the market worth 400 billion tomans per year indicate the large presence of tourists in this city. But achieving these benefits will be possible only with proper and focused planning. Therefore, what is needed is to first review and analyze the current situation and, in fact, the analysis of health (medical) tourism spaces, in order to provide a basis for future planning by determining the distribution pattern of tourism spaces. It should be noted that each of these tourism services occupy a specific space of society, especially cities. Urban tourism space is a space in which there are tourism resources and the pattern of behavior of tourists is a function of its tourism resources such as attractions, accommodation, facilities and services. Also, scattering patterns can be classified into four groups: 1- point pattern 2- network or linear pattern 2- surface pattern and 2- regional pattern. In this regard, the present study has been conducted with the aim of answering the question: What model does health tourism (medical) spaces in Ardabil follow?

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of data collection and information has been done in two ways: library / documentary and field (observation). In the field section, spatial data were updated during field visits and observations. In this regard, to analyze the tourism spaces of Ardabil city, the Vicor multivariate decision model in the form of Arc GIS software has been used. It should be noted that in order to weigh the indicators, the opinions of 10 experts were used by the snowball method and the network analysis model (ANP) in the form of Super Decision software.

One of the stages related to the research was the stage of weighting the indicators, in which the network analysis model (ANP) was used in the form of Super Decision software, which is more scientific than other models. In this regard, the opinions of experts were used and the results showed that the distance from clinics, hospitals and clinics, the distance from the water spaces (Lake Shurabil and Balghli Chay river) are the most important and the distance from the amusement park, respectively. They are the least important in terms of weight. The results also showed that the central core of Ardabil and the areas adjacent to the Balgholi River, due to the concentration of recreational and service tourist attractions in these areas, is very desirable. By moving away from the central core of the city and approaching the surrounding areas, the degree of desirability of areas in terms of health tourist attractions decreases. In fact, the central areas of Ardabil, with the focus on the Balghili River, tea and the dispersion of medical and accommodation centers can be named as the health tourism space of Ardabil. A space marked by the extraordinary focus of these attractions. In fact, it can be said that the health tourism environment of Ardabil city and areas with high ability to attract tourists is a function of the central and historical core of Ardabil city and Balghalychai river and then Shurabil lake.

Tourism is one of the industries that can have a special distribution, i.e., some areas and urban areas have a high potential and actual potential for tourism. Like the central part of Ardabil city, where both service and recreational indicators have been established in this part of the city and around the Balighli Chay River to provide the ground for the formation of Ardabil health tourism core as a regional model. In other words, health tourism services are more easily available in the central areas of Ardabil. And the farther we go from this area, the less desirable other urban areas become.

Walking is a human behavior and activity that can be discussed from different aspects. From one perspective, walking is a kind of physical activity and sports. Among the types of physical activity, walking is the most accessible type of activity that almost all age groups can benefit from without paying . On the other hand, walking can be It was considered as a method of transportation instead of motor transportation .In recent decades, with the significant increase in the share of motorized vehicles in urban transportation, walking has lost its position as an active mode of travel, and in recent years, traffic problems such as congestion, pollution and lack of development resources have intensified. Transportation infrastructure, especially in developing countries, on the one hand, and the decline in physical activity indicators, on the other hand, have made walking as a clean transportation method considered by urban decision makers .With all the benefits of walking, in recent years one of the main problems of cities is being car-centered and in contrast to the lack of walking in them, which is not good for the health, family and community of cities. And walking, as one of the options of sustainable transportation, has faced major problems and challenges. In the case of Ardabil, the problem is that despite the increase in the presence of private cars, sidewalks and sidewalks have no place in the field of new spatial planning of this city. In order to prevent the weakening of the role of pedestrians and to encourage citizens to walk, it is necessary to check the quality of sidewalks in order to take steps to improve them. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of sidewalks in the five areas of Ardabil for future planning. Based on this, this research seeks to answer the following questions:- What is the status of sidewalk criteria in the five areas of Ardabil?- According to the studied criteria, what is the priority of quality of sidewalks in the 5 districts of Ardabil?Methodology The present study is a descriptive-analytical study with an applied purpose. In this study, the quality of sidewalks in Ardabil in order to standardize their spatial structure in the form of 4 indicators (physical, accessibility, environmental, safety and security) and 54 sub-criteria have been studied .The selection of criteria is based on library and documentary studies. The statistical population of this study is the five districts of Ardabil and a questionnaire was used to collect statistics and information. The content validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.812. Cochran's formula was used to obtain the statistical sample size, which was estimated to be 382 with an error rate of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. In order to increase the accuracy of work, 400 questionnaires (80 questionnaires for each region) were randomly distributed in Ardabil city. After indexing, first the average of each index was calculated using SPSS software and then after weighting the studied indices using Shannon entropy method, the target areas were ranked in Excel using COPRAS model. . Table 1 shows the criteria and sub-criteria used in the present study.COPRAS model:Multi-criteria decision models (MCDMs), sometimes called multi-objective decision models and multi-criteria analysis models, are actually a set of methods that allow decision makers to consider A set of criteria (often contradictory) to select, rank, sort, or describe a set of options in the decision-making process .Many models have been proposed for multi-criteria decisions, each of which has advantages and limitations (Poor Taheri, 1392: 37). The most important features of Coopras multi-criteria decision model compared to other multi-criteria decision models can be mentioned as follows:1- It is clear that this model is simpler than other models such as AHP and TOPSIS and requires less time for calculations compared to these methods.2. Coopers can provide a complete ranking of options.3- This model is able to use both quantitative and qualitative criteria to calculate the criteria.4. Coopers has the ability to calculate positive (maximum) and negative (minimum) criteria separately in the evaluation process.5. Another important feature that makes the Coopras decision model superior to other decision models is that it can estimate the degree of importance of each option and show it by percentage to what extent a better option or It is worse and in this respect to make a complete comparison between the options.The following is a calculation of the Coopras model.Step 1: Form the initial matrixAfter determining the weight of the criteria, the decision matrix is formed as the first step of the Coopers model. The decision matrix means that the options are on one side of the matrix and the criteria are on the other.Step 2: Form a collective decision matrixIn this step, the respondents' opinions are aggregated using the arithmetic mean.Step 3: Formation of normalized (weighted) matrixTo weight the decision matrix, using Equation (1), the values of each option are multiplied by their weight and divided by the sum of the values.Relationship (1): dij = In this formula, qi is the weight of the i index and xij is the value of each option per criterion:Step 4: Calculate the value of positive and negative criteria (Sj- & Sj-)In this step, we calculate the positive sj + criteria using Equation (2) and the negative sj- criteria using Equation (3). A positive or consistent criterion is a criterion that, as its value increases, its desirability increases, but for negative criteria, the desirability decreases as the value increases. After determining the positive and negative criteria, the final value of the positive and negative criteria should be calculated using equations (2) and (3).Relationship (2): Sj+ Relationship (3): Sj- Step 5: Calculate the final value of the options (Q value)In this step, the final value of each option (Q) is calculated. In this section, first 1 is divided by Sj and then according to Equation (4), the value of Q is calculated for each option, in which the value of Q indicates the value and importance of each option in terms of criteria.Step 6: Determine the desirability of the optionsFinally, using Equation (5), the option with a degree of desirability close to one is the best option. That is, it is enough to divide the number Q among the numbers obtained in the previous step by the maximum Q. The total value of each criterion varies from 0 to 100% and the best and worst option is determined among this range.Conclusion In this study, in order to evaluate the quality of sidewalks in Ardabil, a 5-point Likert scale was used and ranks 1 to 5 were assigned to the answers. A score of 1 indicates the lowest quality and a score of 5 indicates the highest quality of the relevant criteria. Is. Thus, the number 3 is considered as the theoretical median of the answers and the average obtained from the quality of the sidewalks is compared to the number 3. Based on the results of statistical calculations, the average of the total quality of sidewalk quality criteria is equal to 3.14 and is average. Among these, the lowest average is related to environment (2.87) and the highest average is related to safety and security criteria (3.45). Using multi-criteria decision models, it is possible to make a comparison of the available options and find out the favorable and unfavorable status of the available options. Based on this, in the present study, an attempt has made to prioritize the quality of sidewalks in Ardabil using the COPRAS model. In the Coopers model, the option that has the best status in terms of criteria is identified with the highest degree of Nj importance, which is equal to 100%; Accordingly, region two with Nj equal to 100% in terms of the studied criteria has the best situation among the five regions of Ardabil and region four with the lowest percentage is in the most unfavorable situation.

Today, health tourism is one of the leading industries in urban development that has been able to create positive changes in cities. Color tourism or color therapy is one of the new types of health tourism that improves the mental health of citizens and tourists. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to plan the development of health tourism of color therapy in order to develop the city of Germi. The present research is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose and its statistical population consists of experts from Germi city. They were researched, selected and questioned. Strategic management models (SOAR and QFD) have also been used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the Swarm matrix indicate that 7 strengths and 5 opportunities for color tourism or color therapy in the city of Germi have been identified, in which 3 ideals are aligned and 6 results are formulated. In addition, 6 strategies have been developed to achieve these results and ideals. Finally, prioritizing strategies using the quality house model showed that the strategy of "using regional investors to develop color / color therapy tourism" is the most important strategy for developing color / color therapy tourism in the city of Germi. In addition to this strategy, there are strategies of "using public participation in the development of color / color therapy tourism and using the serious determination of regional and national officials to develop color / color therapy tourism." Financial resources, which happened to be all three of the basic needs of this research, are the most important factors in the development of color tourism or color therapy in the city of Germi.

Population growth, the proliferation of motor vehicles, the rise of industry, and the life of human societies in general, along with growing technology, are among the causes of abnormal noise that causes noise pollution. The effects of noise pollution are harmful and threaten the health of living organisms, especially humans. Industrial development improves the quality of human life, which in the absence of proper and accurate control, causes environmental pollution.With the mechanization of life, noise pollution has penetrated the most private parts of citizens' lives. This has been particularly effective for high-risk groups such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, and the mentally ill. Therefore, it is clear that today in urban life, we are witnessing the occurrence of environmental pollutants such as noise pollution, which is currently one of the most important environmental pollution affecting the health of citizens. In recent years, noise pollution has always been one of the main concerns of living in urban environments and has affected the quality of life of people around the world. Noise pollution is known as one of the factors affecting the quality of human life.Environmental pollution has attracted more and more global attention in the last three decades. Meanwhile, the issue of noise pollution in cities in most countries, is a global problem that is considered an important category to determine the quality of life of citizens. With these descriptions, it can be said that this phenomenon is clearly visible a serious risk factor, especially in the crowded and noisy intersections of the city. On the other hand, the situation of noise pollution and its influential components in busy and crowded squares and intersections can be an income for the gradual organization of the relevant problems. However, this problem is a long-standing and obvious problem in cities, especially in busy intersections. These squares and intersections have not been examined as they should be and perhaps in terms of noise pollution status in order to have specific reactions in proportion to the load of noise pollution and the reflection of its effects. And it is not clear which of the city's intersections has more noise pollution than the other to prioritize intervention for planning and management to reduce this phenomenon. Therefore, in "Study", the situation of noise pollution in squares and busy intersections of Ardabil in three specific time intervals during the day has been investigated.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The required information has collected in the form of field studies and the use of questionnaires, interviews, observations and library-documentary studies according to the nature of the problem and the purpose of the research. In order to assess the situation of noise pollution during three different hours in squares and central and busy intersections of Ardabil city, different components were selected. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of Ardabil, which has 525,702 people, of which 382 people were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula. In order to increase the accuracy of the work, a total of 420 questionnaires were distributed and completed by stratified random sampling method (70 questionnaires for each of the selected fields). The results of calculating the Cronbach's alpha test for a questionnaire of 0.823 were obtained, which indicates the high reliability of the research tool.All data processing steps were performed with Excel and SPSS software, and finally measuring and determining the time of noise pollution at different hours in the range The study was conducted using Friedman test, which has a high scientific validity in this field. Since it is appropriate to use Friedman test for intra-group designs (dependent samples), so in the present study, Friedman test has been used. This means that the Friedman test is a generalized Wilcoxon test and is the nonparametric equivalent of the repeated measures test. In this test, we have a group of people or subjects who have been assessed in at least two situations or two different time periods. The goal is to compare changes in scores (median) over several (2 or more) situations or time periods. Researchers generally use this test to rank or prioritize.

Environmental pollution has attracted more and more global attention in the last three decades. Meanwhile, the issue of noise pollution in cities in most countries, is a global problem that is considered as an important category to determine the quality of life of citizens. Since the pollution situation in different squares is not the same, for this purpose, recognizing the severity and weakness of this problem in each of the squares and intersections of the city and the variables affecting it can improve the performance and better decision of city managers in Have the above dilemma. Therefore, in Study 2, the situation of noise pollution in squares and busy intersections of Ardabil in three specific time intervals during the day has been investigated. Based on the status of noise pollution by components affecting it and according to the results of the implementation of Friedman test extracted from the questionnaire, the highest level of pollution in Shariati Square and then the market in the third period and the lowest level of pollution in all 3 time periods. Sarein station is dedicated. In view of the problem in order to reduce and control noise pollution in the studied squares and intersections, the following solutions are proposed:The most important and practical action in this field is voice control. Because the highest amount of noise pollution in these areas is due to the movement of cars and motorcycles; Culture-building to avoid any noise pollution through the media in the field of familiarity with the rights and duties of citizenship; Strengthen the green cover of the range; Designing and proposing the withdrawal of new street constructions and the creation of a green terrace; Encourage people to use public transportation or bicycles and walk, organize the location of stations and vehicle stops and paths leading to intersections; Use of urban furniture resistant to atmospheric factors to eliminate abnormal noises; Use of sound barriers such as vertical walls with wood, plaster, glass, concrete, stone, tall and wide metals suitable for street spaces; Construction of green space; Increasing the level of urban green space, especially trees, to reduce pollution and consequently prevent physical and mental complications in residents.