فرصت ها
در نشریات گروه زیست شناسی-
در دهه های آینده، تغذیه جمعیت در حال گسترش جهان به صورت مغذی و پایدار نیازمند بهبودهای اساسی در سیستم جهانی غذا در سراسر جهان است. در این پژوهش به عنوان سیستم کشاورزی و غذایی پایدار به مبحث ارزش افزوده ی کشاورزی و صادرات و واردات پایدار کشاورزی اشاره شده و این شاخص ها، تابعی از دما، بارش، تورم و نرخ ارز دانسته شده است. از مدل میداس برای برازش استفاده شده و نتیجه گیری شد که متغیرهای نرخ ارز و تورم در تمام معادله ها دارای تاثیر معنی دار می باشد و دما بر ارزش افزوده و صادرات اثر معنی دار دارد و میزان بارش در هیچ کدام از معادلات مورد بررسی اثر معنی دار ندارد. دلیل عدم معنی دار بودن میزان بارش به اندک بودن میزان بارش در کشور ایران در مجموع بر می گردد تنها استان های شمالی و بخش اندکی از استان های غربی کشور می توانند تحت تاثیر میزان بارش به تولید دیم بپردازند و در بقیه مناطق کشور، بدون توجه به میزان بارش در سال های مورد بررسی کشت محصولات کشاورزی با آبیاری-های متوالی صورت می گیرد.
کلید واژگان: فرصتها، تهدیدها، سیستم کشاورزی- غذایی پایدار. امنیت غذاییIn the coming decades, feeding the world's expanding population nutritiously and sustainably will require major improvements in the global food system worldwide. In this research, as a sustainable agricultural and food system, the topic of agricultural added value and sustainable agricultural export and import is mentioned, and these indicators are considered to be a function of temperature, precipitation, inflation and exchange rate. The Midas model was used for fitting and it was concluded that the variables of exchange rate and inflation have a significant effect in all equations and temperature has a significant effect on added value and exports and the amount of precipitation in none of The investigated equations have no significant effect. The reason for the non-significance of the amount of precipitation is due to the small amount of precipitation in Iran as a whole, only the northern provinces and a small part of the western provinces of the country can produce rain due to the influence of the amount of precipitation and in the rest In the regions of the country, regardless of the amount of rainfall in the studied years, agricultural crops are cultivated with successive irrigations. In the field of global food security, the main challenge will be how to produce more food with the same or less resources and waste less. Food security has four dimensions: food availability, food access, food utilization and quality, and food stability. Among several other food sources, the potato crop can meet all these constraints due to its highly diverse distribution pattern, cultivation and current demand, especially in developing countries with high levels of poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Help around the world. The increase in land population and the increase in demand for food puts an unprecedented pressure on agriculture and natural resources. Today's food systems do not provide enough nutritious food to the world's population in an environmentally sustainable way. About 822 million people are undernourished, while 1.2 billion are overweight or obese. At the same time, food production, processing and waste puts unsustainable pressure on environmental resources. By 2050, the global population of 9.7 billion people will demand 70% more food than what is consumed today. According to the report of the International Institute for Food Policy Research on the Global Hunger Index, significant progress has been made in reducing hunger for developing countries. While the score of the World Hunger Index in 2000 was 29.9 for developing countries, the score of the World Hunger Index in 2019 is 20%, which shows a decrease of 31%. As shown in the GHI reports, hunger and inequality are inextricably linked. Perhaps most closely linked to hunger is poverty, the most obvious manifestation of social inequality. Both are rooted in unequal power relations that are often perpetuated and exacerbated by laws, policies, attitudes and practices. Nevertheless, the intersection of poverty with gender, age, and ethnic background among the most salient social determinants can create critical gaps of food insecurity and extreme poverty even among relatively disadvantaged populations. According to FAO (2002), "food security exists when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and dietary preferences for an active and healthy life." " Food security has four key dimensions: (1) “food availability,” which refers to supply; (2) “access to food,” which refers to the ability to produce one's own food or purchase it; (3) "food quality and utilization", referring to the level of nutrition achieved and (4) "food stability", which includes the idea of availability at all times. Therefore, increasing food security requires policies that improve households' ability to obtain food through better production and income. Since potato is one of the global crops with the most diverse distribution pattern and is cultivated in areas with high levels of poverty, inequality, hunger and malnutrition, it can be an effective product for empowering smallholder families. achieve food security and get out of poverty. Hence, innovations based on potato science can be a significant means of targeting the poor and hungry as part of a broader set of research and development activities. In the field of global food security, the main challenge will be how to produce more food with the same or less resources and waste less. Food security has four dimensions: food availability, food access, food utilization and quality, and food stability. Among several other food sources, the potato crop can meet all these constraints due to its highly diverse distribution pattern, cultivation and current demand, especially in developing countries with high levels of poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Help around the world. The increase in land population and the increase in demand for food puts an unprecedented pressure on agriculture and natural resources. Today's food systems do not provide enough nutritious food to the world's population in an environmentally sustainable way. About 822 million people are undernourished, while 1.2 billion are overweight or obese. At the same time, food production, processing and waste puts unsustainable pressure on environmental resources. By 2050, the global population of 9.7 billion people will demand 70% more food than what is consumed today. According to the report of the International Institute for Food Policy Research on the Global Hunger Index, significant progress has been made in reducing hunger for developing countries. While the score of the World Hunger Index in 2000 was 29.9 for developing countries, the score of the World Hunger Index in 2019 is 20%, which shows a decrease of 31%. As shown in the GHI reports, hunger and inequality are inextricably linked. Perhaps most closely linked to hunger is poverty, the most obvious manifestation of social inequality. Both are rooted in unequal power relations that are often perpetuated and exacerbated by laws, policies, attitudes and practices. Nevertheless, the intersection of poverty with gender, age, and ethnic background among the most salient social determinants can create critical gaps of food insecurity and extreme poverty even among relatively disadvantaged populations. According to FAO (2002), "food security exists when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and dietary preferences for an active and healthy life." " Food security has four key dimensions: (1) “food availability,” which refers to supply; (2) “access to food,” which refers to the ability to produce one's own food or purchase it; (3) "food quality and utilization", referring to the level of nutrition achieved and (4) "food stability", which includes the idea of availability at all times. Therefore, increasing food security requires policies that improve households' ability to obtain food through better production and income. Since potato is one of the global crops with the most diverse distribution pattern and is cultivated in areas with high levels of poverty, inequality, hunger and malnutrition, it can be an effective product for empowering smallholder families. achieve food security and get out of poverty. Hence, innovations based on potato science can be a significant means of targeting the poor and hungry as part of a broader set of research and development activities.
Keywords: Opportunities, Threats, sustainable agricultural-food system, Food Security -
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی فرصت ها و بهره گیری از آنها در جهت توسعه ی ورزش های آبی و ساحلی شهرستان بابلسر بوده است.روش تحقیق آمیخته در دو مرحله کیفی و کمی انجام شد،در مرحله کیفی از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته فرصت ها شناسایی شدسپس پرسشنامه ای تدوین و بین نمونه 25 نفری توزیع گردید.در مرحله کمی با استفاده از روش دلفی در سه دوره به طوریکه در دور اول و دوم پاسخ به سوالات به صورت بلی و خیر بوده و در دور سوم پرسشنامه ای با مقیاس5 ارزشی لیکرت در5 بعد بین نمونه ها توزیع گردید.جامعه آماری شامل، متخصصان و اساتید تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، اساتید گردشگری ،اساتید اقتصاد،کارکنان اداره ورزش و جوانان،مربیان و قهرمانان ملی رشته های آبی وساحلی بوده است. برای تجزیه تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار spss و برای رتبه بندی ابعاد و فرصت های هر بعد از آزمون فریدمن استفاده گردید. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که بعد جغرافیایی-گردشگری و زیر ساختی به عنوان پر اهمیت ترین بعد و وجود رودخانه و وجود دریا و ساحل به عنوان مهم ترین فرصت ها دراین بعد شناسایی شد.سایر ابعاد به ترتیب اهمیت به صورت، بعد اقتصادی، نیروی انسانی، مدیریتی - ارتباطی و فرهنگی - اجتماعی رتبه بندی شد.به مدیران ورزشی کشور و استان مازندران پیشنهاد می گردد باتوجه به فرصت های شناسایی شده و اولویت بندی ابعاد براساس رتبه ها دراین تحقیق و تحقیقات مشابه اقدام به بهره گیری ازآنها در جهت توسعه ورزش های آبی و ساحلی شهرستان بابلسر نمایند.کلید واژگان: فرصت ها، ورزش های ساحلی، ورزش های آبی، دریا، شهرستان بابلسرThe goal of this study is identifying opportunities and utilizing them due to developing Babolsar township marine and beach sports.Mixed research method has been done in two levels qualitatively and quantitatively.In qualitative level the opportunities have been determined in qualification level by semi-structured interview and then a questionnaire has been codified and it distributed among 25 human samples.In quantitative level in three rounds by Delfi method, as in first and second round the answer of questions was in type of yes or no questions and in third round, the questionnaire has been distributed in 5dimensions among samples with the 5-point Likert value.Statistical society includes professional of physical education and science sport,masters of tourism,masters of economic,province and township youth and sport department, coaches and national heroes of marine and beach courses.Friedman Test has been used In order to analyze data from SPSS software and rank the dimensions and variables. The findings shows that the geographical-tourism and infrastructure dimension is the most important dimension in this study which the existence of river and sea and beach has been determined as the most important opportunities in this dimension.The other dimensions have been determined in order of importance in geographical-tourism and infrastructure dimension, economical, human resources, management-communicative and cultural-social. It has been suggested to sport managers of the country and Mazandaran province due to determined opportunities reference of dimensions according to the ranks in this study and similar studies proceed to utilize them in order to develop marine and beach sports of Babolsar Township.Keywords: opportunities, Beach sports, Marine sports, Sea, Babolsar Township
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