ardebil city

the city of Ardabil with its unique characteristics is an important example of the historical cities of Iran, whose physical analysis requires a more comprehensive research approach. This city was the cultural origin of the Safavids during the Safavid period and inspired the developments of other Iranian cities during this period. Developments that were rooted in a special culture that arose in Ardabil. The historical core of this city, like other Iranian cities, has been affected by the hasty actions resulting from industrial development and modernism, and it has suffered many problems. In addition, the worn-out tissues of this city have many complexities and physical-spatial problems in terms of morphology, which has caused the quality of life in this city to decrease. Therefore, the spatial and physical organization of this city requires a systemic and comprehensive approach and macro planning. Therefore, in the present research, the morphology and formation of problematic tissues in Ardabil city has been investigated and analyzed over time. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer the question, what are the changes in the morphology of Ardabil city during the periods (1373-1355) and (1373-present)?.

The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. In order to analyze the morphology of the city of Ardabil, the analysis of space arrangement (co-linking) has been used. In this study, using the map analysis method, to investigate the morphology of Ardabil city and its changes and developments during the periods (1373-1355) and (1373-until now) in Ardabil city level using the parameter (interconnection as the main feature of the layout Space) has been done with the help of Autocad Civil 3D 2017 and Arc Gis software. In order to carry out the research process, it was first prepared using documents and manual maps related to the initial periods of growth and development in the municipality, and other maps were prepared with the help of the Tafadili plan map of Ardabil city with the application of physical changes related to each period, as maps The basis for drawing the axial line was done by considering the principles governing how to draw the lines in the studied courses with the help of AutoCAD software. Then, urban blocks were removed and the remaining linear layers were saved. In order to continue the work, each of the maps were reread using the Syntax Space plugin in the Arc Gis environment, which is one of the spatial arrangement analysis tools, and the spatial analysis parameter was performed by detecting the degree of connectivity, and the map and descriptive table were obtained from the results. The output was taken. In the continuation of the work process, in order to better understand the spatial analysis, by executing the commands related to the classification of the values along with the graphic display, the data output was saved in the form of tables, graphs and graphic maps, and these data were the criteria for descriptive analysis in different periods. it placed. The analysis was based on the evaluation and analysis of the correlation average and the correlation difference (difference between the highest and the lowest degree of correlation).

The morphological changes of Iranian cities are affected by historical events during a period of 43 years from the beginning of the contemporary century. The spatial structure of Ardabil city, like other cities in the country, has been affected by various factors, and with the passage of time and in the course of various developments that have occurred, it has gradually taken on the texture of the city as it is today. The old context of Ardabil city consists of six main neighborhoods of the city including: Gazran, Sarcheshmeh, Pir Abdul Malik Towi, Ali Qapo and Ochdekan, the first characteristic of these neighborhoods is their growth in relation to the market (city) which has expanded radially. But at the same time with the construction measures, the shape and growth and expansion of the city changed in such a way that with the entry of Bazar Street and the neighborhoods, they were split and the center of the neighborhoods is located at the edge of the streets. In addition, point elements such as banks, urban meeting places, cinemas and public libraries have caused the mixing and connection of similar uses with trans-neighborhood functions in some neighborhoods. This structure has formed the main body of the city fabric and has played an important role in the development process of the city until today. Due to having such a role, changes in the values of the spatial structure have been one of the influential factors in the changes in the morphology of Ardabil city.Period (1373-1355): The third period (50s) can be considered the period of physical growth and development without a pattern to the expansion of the checkered pattern function and the centralizing structure. In this period, along with the increase in thecity's population, the city's inner limits did not have the capacity for the additional population. Therefore, with the destruction of the fence, development and expansion continues towards the south and north. In this period after the Islamic Revolution (1960s), the conditions of the revolution and political developments such as the imposed war in most sectors, especially in the urban construction sector, became disorderly, and subsequently, the urbanization and urban development of Niaz also became irregular. The rapid growth of urbanization and the physical expansion of the city in this period continued strongly in the official form and within the framework of comprehensive, special and informal plans in the form of car settlements and peripheral structures. Among the most important features of this accelerated growth, we can mention the horizontal expansion of the city, the transformation of the physical structure, the excessive acceleration, the increase of the urban limits in unbalanced and balanced forms, and the ignoring of the city's internal capabilities and opportunities.Period (1373-present): The analysis maps of space layout parameters for the city of Ardabil in this period show that the east-west axis of Imam Khomeini Street of the city has the highest value of connection and connects the important points of the city to each other. After that, the north-south axis of Kashani street has the highest value of connection. In general, the main thoroughfares of the city are shown in the red color spectrum. Therefore, based on the theories of space arrangement, the probability of movement and activity in these axes is high. According to the Niaz connection map, the most accessible urban roads in terms of communication are the north-south axis of Kashani Street and the east-west axis of Imam Khomeini Street. In other words, these axes are the main axes in the spatial structure of Ardabil city and play the most role in shaping the spatial structure of Ardabil city. As expected, the heart of the city has the highest degree of inclusive connectivity. In general, based on the results of this study, it can be said that one of the most important factors influencing the changes in the fabric of Ardabil city over time is the changes in the degree of connectivity caused by the changes. It has been physical-spatial.In this regard, the most important suggestions are:The weak and strong points of the main morphology of each city should be redefined in the construction and urban development plans and identified with the help of the space layout method; The spatial structure of less developed neighborhoods should be investigated and analyzed before any intervention (renovation, reconstruction or improvement) by means of methods such as space layout; context-oriented urban planning and design should be taken into consideration and the spatial and non-spatial values of the area should be considered in urban plans; The role and impact of the main elements of the historical area of the city in the entire structure of the city should be considered and the inner structure of the neighborhoods and how it relates to the surrounding context should be understood and deduced to improve its structural problems; Equal distribution of uses and suitable neighborhoods to realize dynamism, activity and vitality in all the historical context of the city should be considered and investigated; In examining and analyzing the spatial structure of cities and problematic contexts, researches should be analyzed based on specific features in the spatial structure and organization related to the area.

Introduction, context and expression of the problem:

The city has always faced numerous issues since its inception, including acute and fundamental issues that have been regarded as the major challenge of the Third Millennium, the issue of unstable development and out of urban rule as settlements. It is informal. Such areas with a reflection of urban poverty and the lack of equipment for residents in the area, both in developed and retarded countries, especially in developing and retarded countries, which are somehow facing severe spatial inequality. They do. Unofficial settlements are the result of rapid urbanization and economic problems of developing countries and developing countries. This unreadable urban phenomenon has caused many problems for cities, which is one of the biggest urban problems. However, there have been various methods and perspectives to solve the problems and problems caused by these settlements. These methods can be separated in two groups of physical engineering and social engineering. Of course, the second methods, especially the empowerment strategy, are today in the world of marginalization and informal accommodation literature. Therefore, in this study, while introducing the strategies and perspectives of the problem of informal settlements, the feasibility of applying the empowerment strategy, which is a social method, has been investigated to solve the problems of informal settlements in Ardabil.

The type of applied -development research and the method of studying it has been a descriptive -analytical, as well as the fruit of information and data, libraries and fields. The narrative test used in this study is formal and content narrative. The questionnaires were given to the masters of urban geography to test formal and content testing. Also, the opinions and suggestions of students and researchers in various disciplines related to official and urban planning have been used. Since the study is one of the sample of inferential descriptive studies, it is necessary to consider the reliability of the questionnaire to choose the ability to be used in the environment and other space. Cronbach's alpha method was used to achieve this result. The questionnaire used at 77% alpha shows an acceptable amount compared to the minimum reliability of 67%.The statistical population in this study includes residents of informal settlements in Ardebil (84732). In this study, the Cochran method was used to obtain the sample size and eventually 349 people were selected as the sample size. Statistical methods were used to analyze the collected information. In this study, because of qualitative traits and data used, inferential statistics were obtained by the use of the CHI-Square test with a meaningful level of 0.05. SPSS and Excel software has been used to analyze the data collected. The numerical average analysis has also been used to rank each of the indicators in the empowerment process.

According to field studies, the descriptive results of the study show that out of 349 family supervisors who were questioned, 312 were 89.4 percent of men and 37 were 10.6 percent female. In the case of a household dimension of 349 respondents in the study range 8 households equivalent to 2.3 % with 1 person, 65 households equivalent to 12.62 % with 2 people, 71 households equivalent to 34.34 % with 3 people, 95 households equivalent to 22// 27 % have 4 people and finally 110 households equivalent to 31.52 % have 5 and more. Studies on household origin show that the results show that out of 349 family supervisors who answered the author's questions 223 people equivalent to 63.9 % of Ardabil villages, 67 people equivalent to 2. /19 % of the villages of Moshginshahr, 55 people equivalent to 15.8 % of Moghan and 4 households have cited their demands from other areas of the province, equivalent to 1.1. The percentage is that 113 household supervisors equivalent to 32.4 % of their migration reasons to find work, 32 people were 9.2 % lack of welfare facilities, 78 people equivalent to 22.3 % of kinship and 7 equivalent The percentage of natural disasters and 92 household supervisors, equivalent to 26.4 percent of the land, and finally 27 %, equivalent to 7.7 %, cited the other reason for their migration. Therefore, it can be said that finding the right work and then the cheapness of land has been the most important reasons for migrating to the area. Also, the job status of household supervisors within the study scope indicates that workers and freelance jobs have a significant share. Also, the inferential results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between all independent variables on the research and the dependent variable empowering informal settlements. The numerical mean analysis was used to rank each of the indicators in the empowerment process. As shown in Table 4-4, according to Friedman's test, there is a significant difference between the mean empowerment indices at the alpha level of 0.01. In the meantime, the highest average of 4.59 physical indexes), economic indexes (4.56) and the lowest to macro indexes (3.58) and environmental and environmental health indicators ( 65/3) dedicated. Investigating the average data from the quantitative analysis of existing capacity existing capacity indicators of informal accommodation

One of the issues that neglect or lack of attention in the long run can have many negative consequences for people and city managers is informal accommodation. Using the wrong methods of dealing with this phenomenon is not less than neglect and neglect. In Third World countries, including Iran, the method of dealing with this phenomenon, namely, has been the use of physical methods, while today the negative consequences of using this method have become clear to all urban managers and planners. The use of community -based methods is quite clear and tangible. Accordingly, it is necessary to arrange the appropriate programs to empower these places in order to enable social empowerment. So far, many methods have been used to eliminate the problem of informal accommodation, but in practice they have not had the necessary and acceptable acceptance, and these methods have faced many problems. The reasons for this dilemma (lack of responsibility, spatial lack, social cohesion, lack of social participation, lack of awareness, etc.) may be that factors such as citizens' lack of awareness of their citizenship rights, lack of confidence in government agencies because Failure to fulfill demands, lack of citizens' belonging to their place of residence, existence of government -run standards, bureaucratic dealing with urban problems, lack of transparency of urban management activities and city councils for citizens, government -governing councils And the sovereignty of the central culture of the central culture should be returned to the local level rather than the central demand for the people and the government and the lack of attention to the real needs of citizens. Investigating the average data from the quantitative analysis of existing capacity existing capacities of informal accommodation indicators of Ardebil city indicates high level of high level, which brings more attention to relevant authorities and institutions in the field of urban management to the range. The purpose of the study requires.

The current research is an effort towards the optimal location of electric vehicle charging stations in Ardabil city. The current research is practical in nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, which has attempted to locate electric vehicle charging stations using ARCGIS software and using the WLC model in the form of 5 criteria and 27 sub-criteria. According to the results obtained in the present research, the suitable places suitable for the existing barren land in the city and the land with a suitable location for the electric vehicle charging station, such as the area inside the Shahada highway, especially next to Imam Khomeini street (between the intersection of Bahonar and Jihad square), which He pointed out the reason for the density of uses and infrastructures and especially the location of the central core of the city as an almost mononuclear city. It is also possible to build a station on the routes around the city center (the western and northwestern areas of the city and the inner and outer parts of Basij highway on the side of Shahryar (Arazali) and Aras neighborhoods and the town of experts) in order to decentralize the main core of the city. Also, considering that the city of Ardabil has a touristic nature, and on the other hand, the city of Ardabil is located in the direction of moving from the northwest of the country to the north of the country; It is possible to benefit from installing electric car charging stations at the important entrance and exit gates of the city by using waste lands and if it is possible to adapt and combine them with refueling uses (gasoline pumps).

‌‌Today, livability has been proposed as one of the appropriate solutions to achieve urban development and ultimately a basis for achieving sustainability. One of the topics that urban livability can affect is urban tourism. Ardabil, as a study sample of this research, is one of the cities with high tourism potential. For this reason, the main goal of this research is to measure the livability and sustainable tourism of Ardabil city and the relationship between them. In this regard, this research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The required data was collected by means of a researcher's questionnaire tool and through 385 citizens and 100 tourists. For data analysis, one-sample T, independent T, and Pearson correlation tests were used in SPSS software. The findings of the research have shown that the livability of Ardabil city and its tourism are average. In terms of dimensions, the economic dimension is in a worse condition than the social, physical and environmental dimensions, and that there is a meaningful, consistent and strong relationship between livability and sustainable tourism, that is, with the development and improvement of the condition of the component. With sustainable tourism, the city of Ardabil will become more sustainable and vice versa.

Increasing environmental problems, threats to public health indicators, limited access to recreational facilities, and ultimately to the increasing weakness of access to sustainable development. Meanwhile, due the worrying and increasing threat to health of citizens' lives, urban planners and health planners introduce a relatively new term called health planning, which seeks to link the urban environment with physical and mental health. They are urban dwellers and they strengthen their decisions some basic issues such as urban health, demographic welfare and quality of improving human life. Today, most countries the world, especially developing countries, are facing the phenomenon of widespread urban sprawl. In addition to environmental consequences and social and cultural damage, this trend has affected the health of citizens. With growth and development of urbanization in developing societies, urbanization problems such as environmental degradation, pollution, housing shortages, quality of life have created difficult conditions for urban residents and public health has decreased significantly. About quarter of century ago Increasing issues to growth of cities have led attention to issues such as sustainable development and healthy city. The healthy city approach is considered as dominant approaches in urban and rural studies and even on national scale. Considering the importance the environmental index most important indicators affecting the development of healthy city, this study was conducted with the aim of assessing the environmental situation of Ardabil with healthy city approach.

The present study a descriptive-analytical study with applied purpose. this study, the environmental situation of Ardabil city the approach of healthy city of Ardabil the form 16 criteria (environmental health status, use of safe drinking water, waste production, quality of waste collection system management And its burial, access to green space and parks, the amount of dust in the air, the beauty of urban public spaces, noise pollution, visual pollution, optimal distribution of land uses, access to suitable walking space, access to suitable cycling space, Existence of sufficient number of recreational and sports places, ratio of green space to residential, rate of use of renewable energy, quality of environmental education have been studied and the basis for selecting criteria is based on library and documentary studies. The validity of the content of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.817. To obtain the sample size of Ama Ray used Cochran's formula which was estimated to 382 with an error rate of 0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. In order to increase the accuracy of work, 400 questionnaires (80 questionnaires for each region) were randomly distributed in Ardabil city. Shannon entropy method was used to determine the weight of research criteria and Prometheus model was used to analyze the data. The Multi-Criteria Decision Model (MCDM) is powerful tool has widely used to evaluate and rank problems involving multiple and more conflicting criteria. Among the many MCDM methods, Prometheus is remarkably suitable for ranking programs; Because this model brings integration and flexibility to user, and terms of concept and application compared other methods for analysis. In fact, Prometheus is preferred structured ranking method for enriching the evaluation based on comparison each the options with each other according to the deviations that the alternatives show based on each criterion. Due to structure this model, this method allows direct evaluation without the need to normalize the variables that decision matrix. This method was introduced in 1985 by Brans and Wink for ranking. Among the important advantages of Prometheus method are simplicity of clarity and reliability the results and possibility of sensitivity analysis in simple and fast way. Finally, the ranking is done from largest to the smallest number. The following are the steps for implementing the PROMETHEE model:1- Forming a decision matrix and determining the type criteria (in terms of profit and cost): In this step, while forming a decision matrix, we determine the positive and negative indicators. 2. Determining the weight of indicators: In the present study, Shannon entropy method has used to calculate the weight of criteria. (Table 2) 3. The weighted sum the superiority the option: is obtained by following relation. Equation (1):4. Positive and Negative Ranking Flow: If number of options (denoted by n) is more than two, the final ranking is obtained by sum the values of pairwise comparisons. The ranking stream can obtained using Equation (2) and Equation (3):Equation (2): Positive ranking flowThis stream shows how much option a has priority over other options. The largest (a) + Φ means the best option. Equation (3): Negative rating stream This flow shows how much other options take precedence. What is the smallest value of the (a - Φ option the best option? The ranking of options can be ranked with positive or negative current. The two rankings are not usually the same, but the decision maker It always wants complete ranking because it will be easier to decide. Due to fact that in order to calculate the average of the criteria, a 5-point Likert scale is used and the ranks 1 to 5 are assigned to the questions. Therefore, the number 3 is considered the theoretical middle ground of the answers. Figure 3 shows that both positive and negative environmental criteria of healthy city in Ardabil are bad situation. The average of all positive variables is less than the average (3). But in the negative criteria, except for amount of dust in the air (C6), the average the other negative criteria is higher than the average (3). The PROMETHEE model has used to rank the areas of Ardabil city. The final final output obtained from this model is according to Table (3).

Based the results obtained from Table 3, the net superiority value Φ of Region Two with score of )0.01629(, Region One with score of )0.0444(, Region Three with score of )0.01334(, Region Five with score of )0.00502( and Region Four with score of )-0.00703( to They have highest and lowest levels of environmental health the city, respectively. In general, the research findings show. The city of Ardabil is not a good position in terms of the criteria studied. Comparison the most prosperous region (region 2) with the most deprived region (region 4) in terms of environmental criteria of Salem city indicates that existence of Shurabil recreation site in region 2 has the most positive effect the criteria (access to green space and parks) c5 ), The beauty of public spaces (C7), access to suitable space for walking and cycling (C11), (C12), the existence of recreational place (c14). Also, the establishment of women's park this area distinguishes this area from other areas. In contrast, District 4 of the city, because it is one the sub-urban areas, has been evaluated as unfavorable in all the studied criteria and is critical condition.Figure (3) The status of each the environmental criteria of healthy city Separately shows the five urban areas of Ardabil.