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According to the latest UN report, the global population in 2018 was 6.6 billion and the urban population 4.2 billion. By 2050, the global population will reach 7.9 billion and 68 percent of the population will live in urban areas (2020, Liquan et al). The rapid increase in urbanization is leading to the growth of informal settlements in high-risk areas such as landslides, increasing the risk among low-income populations. Although technical and social methods of earthquake risk management are known, in underdeveloped countries these measures are often difficult for complex social, economic, political, and institutional reasons (Smith et al. 2020). The growing trend of urbanization in underdeveloped countries and the housing crisis causes an increase in Halabiabad and the construction of housing without the necessary urban development standards (Valizadeh Kamran et al., 2013). Since informal settlement arises from a context larger than its location and also affects a larger environment, the solution to this problem requires policy and action not only at the small level, but also at the large level (Hakimi and Et al., 1397). Because informal settlements are of relatively poor quality and do not use earthquake-resistant designs, they are expected to be highly vulnerable to earthquakes. In addition, these settlements often occupy areas with a high seismic risk, which may cause landslides and fluids. Hence, hazard and vulnerability pose a significant seismic hazard (2008, et al Castillo).

This study is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and its purpose is applied. To collect data in this study, written documents, statistical data, visual documents and field studies have been used. Also, topographic maps were 1.25000, geological maps were 1.100000, urban maps were 1.000, digital elevation model (DEM) ten meters, main and secondary fault maps and land use maps were used in the research. In the present study, in order to explain the vulnerability situation caused by earthquake risk in informal settlements of Tabriz, a list of criteria was extracted based on the research background and according to the available data, 13 criteria were selected. In order to weight the indicators, the fuzzy model has been used and to rank the indicators and variables, the ELECTRE FUZZY model has been used. Finally, weighted parameters were put into a function to determine the vulnerability of informal settlements in Tabriz using GIS software. • Introduction of variables and indicators.In this study, in order to investigate the risk and risk of earthquake on the context of informal settlements in Tabriz, thirteen indicators have been used, which shows the flowchart Figure 2 of the indicators and research stages.

Data fuzzy:

Fuzzyization is done directly or using algorithms and logical expressions. In the present study, two methods, direct calculation and expert calculation, have been used to fuzzy numbers. In expert calculation, first the range of changes of each parameter is determined, then, according to previous researches, and finally, they are weighted manually, based on reality and according to experts. In order to create fuzzy sets, mathematical functions such as sigmoidal linear threshold, S-shaped, hyperolithic, etc. can be used. • ELECTRE FUZZY method.

The ELECTRE method is one of the most widely used decision-making methods. The ELECTRE FUZZY method is used to consider its uncertainty and to complete the decision performance array. ELECTRE technique means the method of cleaning and selection in accordance with reality. One of the most important compensatory techniques, based on the concept of non-ranking, the answer of this method is based on a set of rankings. This method does not lead to non-ranking relationships, ie it does not necessarily lead to the classification of options but may eliminate options. In this model, all options are evaluated by non-rank comparisons and pairwise comparisons are based on the degree of agreement of the weights and the degree of difference ofthe weighted values.The calculation steps of the mentioned method are as follows:Formation of fuzzy decision matrix- Normalization of the decision matrix- Formation of a normal weighted matrix- Calculate the distance between both options- Build an agreement set and create an agreement matrix- Formation of Boolean matrix agrees- Build the opposite set and create the opposite matrix- Formation of opposite boolean matrix- Formation of the final matrix- Final ranking of options.

Investigating the situation of informal settlements in Tabriz in relation to the occurrence of a possible crisis will play a vital role in efficient management in the event of a crisis. Due to the large fault zone in the city of Tabriz, the informal settlements of this city are often at risk of earthquakes. In the study area, due to high population density, the use of low quality buildings, small parts, etc. during an earthquake, the effects of the disaster will be irreparable. Therefore, determining the vulnerability of informal settlements in Tabriz to earthquakes is of great importance. Which will play a vital role both in planning for resilience and in managing crisis and emergency housing. According to the findings of the present study, the fuzzy electrode method and its integration with GIS has the ability to integrate information with different structures. Therefore, in the present study, data analysis was performed using fuzzy electr model and GIS. The results of the fuzzy electrode method calculations indicate that the informal settlements located in region 3 will experience the lowest vulnerability with a rank of 1, while the informal settlements located in regions 1 and 10 with a rank of 5 will have the highest vulnerability. They will experience vulnerability to earthquake risk. Also, more than 34% of the area of informal settlements in Tabriz is exposed to very high vulnerability and more than 27% are exposed to high vulnerability and more than 25% are exposed to moderate vulnerability and only 12.69% of the texture of settlements Unofficially, the city of Tabriz is exposed to low vulnerability to earthquake risk. In terms of vulnerability spectrum, informal settlements in zones 1 and 10 are in the very high range, informal settlements in zones 7 in the wide range, settlements in zones 4 and 5 in the high to medium range, and informal settlements. Located in Zone 3, they are in the medium to low vulnerability range. Informal settlements located in areas 10 and 1, which are in a very high range of vulnerabilities, include neighborhoods (Yousefabad, Silab, Mola Zeinal, small spring, large spring, Loti Ibrahim, Ahmadabad, Beheshti, 40 meters, Ismail Baqal, Ghorbani, Idelu, Khalilabad). These neighborhoods have the highest population density and fine-grained texture, most of them do not have strong buildings and are built without proper planning, and in terms of the passage parameter, they have narrow and narrow passages. And have mostly spread in the area of North Tabriz fault. Therefore, increasing the values of parameters such as population density, building quality, distance from the fault, building density, etc. have caused informal settlements located in these neighborhoods to be in a very high range of vulnerabilities. In general, it can be concluded that if the construction is properly managed and the rules of 2800 earthquake regulations are strictly observed in the informal settlements of Tabriz, we will see a decrease in earthquake hazards.

The role of the environment in human health has always been considered. The public places are part of the environment around the human being, which are important because of the role they have in the health of the individual and society. Hairdresser shops are among the public places where their sanitation and hygiene is important. Neglect to hygienic standards and the use of contaminated tools and equipment such as towels, brushes, razors, etc. can cause the transmission and spread of many diseases. In the last twenty years, hairdressing has undergone fundamental changes due to changes in the materials and techniques used and improved vocational training. The transmission of dangerous diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis was identified and considered. Hairdressers can spread diseases such as fungal infections (direct contact), head lice, staphylococcal, scabies (contaminated with towels, combs and aprons), hepatitis B and C, tetanus and AIDS (razor blade). In hairdressers, contact with skin irritants, frequent exposure to water, shampoos, conditioners, and some cleansers may also occur. In hairdressing salons, some chemicals are known to be allergenic and potentially carcinogenic. Sometimes in hairdressing salons, in addition to the usual activities, tasks such as mole removal and tattooing are performed, which can cause diseases such as warts and alopecia. Hairdressers are also one of the largest groups affected by occupational dermatitis. In general, blood-borne infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B and AIDS, are more important. A key factor in the transmission of hepatitis B, C, and even AIDS is razor-sharpening by hairdressers. Various factors are involved in the transmission of diseases through hairdressers, the most important of which are the lack of awareness of hairdressers about the principles and essentials of hygiene, lack of facilities and the provision of personal hairdressing equipment, Improper space and unsanitary beauty salons, lack of sensitivity in the operators and clients regarding the observance of hygienic principles of hairdressing, and failure to perform disinfection or incomplete disinfection. Sanitation and hygiene of hairdressers are very important to prevent the transmission of many diseases. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the health performance of women’s and men’s hairdressers in Baft city according to health indicators and infection transmission in 2019.

In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, the study population included all men's and women's hairdressers in Baft (38 women's hairdressers and 11 men's hairdressers) which were evaluated by census. The tools used in this study were the standard checklist extracted from the form of hairdressing regulations, which was completed in three sections: personal hygiene, building health and improvement, and hygiene of tools and equipment, and a total of 28 questions. Data were collected in collaboration with environmental health experts through direct observation and interviews with administrators. The questions had three options: "Compliance with regulations", "Non-compliance with regulations" and "Not applicable", each of which was assigned scores of 1, 1- and 0, respectively. Then, based on the total scores obtained in each section, the classification was done in three levels: favorable (score above 60%), average (score 30% to 60%) and unfavorable (score less than 30%). Statistical analysis of data was performed by Excel and SPSS software version 19 with a significance level of 0.05 (analytical statistics: Fisher's exact test, descriptive statistics: number and percentage of frequency). In order to observe ethics in the present study, the names of the centers under study were avoided; In addition, the inspections were carried out with the prior consent of the relevant authorities and centers and with the code of ethics IR.SIRUMS.REC.1399.032 from the Deputy of research and technology, Sirjan University of Medical Sciences. Personal hygiene status was undesirable in 36.8% and 36.4% of men's and women's hairdressers, respectively. In 40.82% of hairdressers, the use of public equipment was not prohibited. The hygiene status of tools and equipment was unsatisfactory in 42.1% and 45.5% of men's and women's hairdressers. Building hygiene was poor in 36.8% of women's and 27.3% of men's hairdressers. 20.41% of hairdressers were poorly ventilated. According to Fisher's exact test, no significant difference was observed between the health performance of male and female hairdresser’s shops in all three indicators including personal hygiene, building health and improvement, and hygiene of tools and equipment (P-value ˃ 0.05). It was indicated that both groups generally had relatively similar health functions. It can be due to the lack of quality of health education courses for operators and staff and subsequently the need for continuous monitoring of hairdressers and improving the quality of these train courses.

Achieving optimal health conditions is of particular importance due to its direct relationship with human health. Failure to follow the principles and disregard for hygienic standards in hairdressers can lead to problems and transmission of various infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and AIDS. The present study showed that there are shortcomings in the observance of health performance indicators in the studied hairdressers. Personal health status was reported to be unsatisfactory in 36.8% and 36.4% of men's and women's hairdressers, respectively. In 40.82% of hairdressers, the ban on the use of common equipment was not observed, and the health status of tools and equipment was unsatisfactory in 42.1% and 45.5% of men's and women's hairdressers. Building hygiene was unsatisfactory in 36.8% of women's hairdressers, 27.3% of men's hairdressers, and 20.41% of hairdressers lacked proper ventilation. The results of statistical analysis and Fisher's exact test showed that in all three areas of personal hygiene, tool and equipment hygiene, and building improvement and building hygiene, there is no significant relationship between men's and women's hairdressers (P˃0.05). The shortcomings in three indicators of environmental health status, showed the need for continuous monitoring of hairdressers and improving the quality of health education courses for operators. Prohibition of the use of common devices is recommended due to the possibility of disease transmission. To prevent respiratory problems caused by the use of chemicals and dyes, proper ventilation also seemed necessary.

This research is based on the floristic study of Raskuh area of Baft Township in Kerman province that the wild vascular plants were collected and identified. This area with about 5500 hectares is located in 20 km of northeast of Baft town and 170 km southwest of the center of the Kerman province. Its minimum altitude is 2400 m and maximum 2700 m above the sea level. The annual average rainfall is 280 mm and the vacillation average of temperature is between -5 and 38 oC. This area is mountainous and a part of the Irano-Turanian region. The physiognomy of vegetation is chiefly as steppe (Astragalus spp. and Artemisia sieberi) but some parts are scrublands or woodlands (Acer monspessulanum, Amygdalus spp., Pistacia atlantica, …). Based on our study, 247 plant species of 51 families and 176 genera were identified which of them one family of Gymnospermes with one species, 43 families with 147 genera and 211 species of dicots Angiospermes, 7 families with 28 genera and 35 species of monocots Angiospermes were recognized. The family Asteraceae with 36 species and the genus Astragalus with 16 species as largest family and genus were identified in the region. Most of the species had Irano-Turanian nature from viewpoint of the phytogeographical aspects. Life forms were including 38.9% therophytes, 26.3% hemicryptophytes, 16.6% Chamaephytes, 9.7% geophytes, 7.3% phanerophytes and 1.2% hydrophytes.