fecundity

Chondrostoma regium and Chondrostoma cyri belong to the genus Chondrostoma, which are distributed in the Tigris, Isfahan, Kor and Caspian Sea basin and have ecological and sport fishing importance. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the fecundity with length, weight and age of the fish species in Gamasiab from Tigris and Aras River and fish sampling was performed in December and March 2008 using cast-net and electro-shocker. The result of the study on 46 female fish in maturity stages 4 and 5 (the previous stages to prepare for spawning) in C. regium showed that the absolute fecundity of 1694 to 10843 (5252.7±2377.1) eggs and the relative fecundity of 58 to 154.2 with an average of 98.9 eggs per grams of female weight. Also, the results of 31 fish samples showed C. cyri absolute fecundity of 5526 to 18145 (11135±3284.6) eggs and the relative fecundity of 84.8 to 162.0 with an average of 113.8 eggs per grams of female weight. Also, the correlation (r2) between absolute fecundity and weight, total length and age was .27, .37 and .17, respectively for C. regium and 0.714, 0.702 and 0.712 were determined for C. cyri. The egg diameter of this species was 0.80- 1.96 with an average of (1.22±.29), Also, for C. cyri, the range was 0.78 to 2.25 with an average of 1.44±0.29 mm.

Palaemon elegans shrimp is native to the Black Sea, which was introduced to the Caspian Sea during the years 1309 to 1313. In order to practice proper management, knowledge of biological characteristics and having sufficient and appropriate information about aquatic is very important. In the present study to identify the biological characteristics of P. elegans shrimp, 100 pieces of shrimp were captured by Landing net of 500 μ mesh size from coastal areas of the Caspian Sea. Some biometric parameters (total length, carapace length, live weight shrimp, diameter of eggs), absolute and relative fecundity, number of larvae, hatching percentage and their embryonic stages were examined and evaluated. The results showed that the mean total length, carapace length, live weight of shrimp (before and after removing eggs), live weight of eggs were 40/78 ± 6/12 and 10/41 ± 1/27 mm, 1/644 ± 0/41, 1/325 ± 0/36 and 0/129 ± 0/19 g, respectively. The average small and large diameter of eggs in the last embryonic stage was 0/447 ± 0/013 and 0/622 ± 0/079 mm, respectively. The mean absolute and relative fecundity were 931 and 566.30 ± 88/10, respectively, as well as the number of larvae 621± 79 and the hatching rate was 67/70 percent. The embryonic stages of this shrimp include six stages: fertilized egg, cell cleavage, eyed eggs, , nauplius with unequal eye, nauplius with equal eye (advanced nauplius in egg membrane) and finally the stage of zoea and the average duration of the embryonic stage was 11 days

*, This study carried out to determining the normative of artificial and semi-artificial reproduction of wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio. L. 1758) in 2019. In this study, 70 samples were caught from Gomishan region. Mean weight and length of 29 wild males were 1146±151.62 g and 44.79±2cm, and for 41 wild females were 1152.25±235.14 g and 44.87±2.4cm, respectively. Mean age of males were 7.16±0.75 and females were 9.5±0.67 years old, respectively. Artificial and semi-artificial propagation methods were performed. Artificial propagation was done by Ovulin injection in two steps for females at 1 ml / kg fish weight and half the dose was injected at the same time in the second stage of female infusion after 12 hours for males.14 males and 13 females broodstocks for artificial, and 7 and 10 for semi-artificial propagation were selected. The number of eggs per gram was 783±53. The fertilization rate was 91±4 and hatch rate was 58±7.23.Maximum and minimum relative fecundity were 209707 and 61200 per kilogram of body weight and Maximum and minimum working fecundity were 325728 and 53244 respectively. Mean relative and working fecundity was 104795.6±49663.32 and 128981.5±84102. Hatch rate was 58±7.23. A total of 729800 larvae were transferred to the Sijaval Center pond . 200000 juveniles with 0.8g weight and 36500 juveniles with 2.6g weight producing of semi artificial propagation rearing in Gharasu River in order to restocking. For reproduction of wild common carp, choosing the broodstocks in right time (in winter), region of catching, transfer it from the sea to breeding centers are the most important effective point. Therefore, the manipulation, relocation and transfer of these newly catch wildlife from the shores of the sea or river requires equipment, handy net, disinfect materials, anesthesia, Oxygen tank and time table.

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, is the major oilseed rape pest throughout the world. In this research, the life table parameters and development time of the cabbage aphid on five oilseed rape genotypes including Okapi, Licord, Hyola401, Hyola308 and Zarfam were investigated (at 25±1ºC, 60±5% RH, 16L: 8D). The test was carried out by using petri dishes containing leaf discs on 7% water-agar. The data were analyzed using a two-sex fertility life table and TWOSEX-MSChart software. The results showed that the Hyola308 and Zarfam genotypes decreased the rm, R0, GRR and λ values of the aphid, B. brassicae. The values of rm, R0, GRR and λ for the aphid on the Hyola308 were obtained 0.22±0.01 female/female/day, 10.56±2.07 female/female/generation, 26.24±2.86 female/female and 1.24±0.02 day-1, respectively and on the Zarfam genotype were gained 0.17±0.02 female/female/day, 6.51±1.43 female/female/ generation, 16.49±1.64 female/female and 1.19±0.02 day-1, respectively. The type of genotype oilseed rape had no significant effect on the mean generation time (T) of the cabbage aphid. The lowest mean fecundity of the aphid was observed for the Zarfam genotype with the value of 12.18±0.98 females. The longevity of the adults on the Okapi (14.43±0.87 days) and Licord (14.43±0.86 days) genotypes were significantly longer than the Hyola308 (10.60±0.70 days) and Zarfam (10.71±0.64 days) genotypes. Totally, the results showed the presence of the resistance of the Hyola308, especially Zarfam genotype to B. brassicae that can promote the integrated programs against the cabbage aphid.

Reproductive biology of Siah mahi, Capoeta capoeta intermedia was studied by examining 330 individuals collected between November 2012 to October 2013, by regular monthly collections in the Shapour River, Iran. Overall female-male (F-M) sex ratio was 1:1.66 and their total length (TL) was 15 to 29 cm (19.83 ± 2.3) and 15.5 to 26 (19.85 ± 2) cm for females and males, respectively. The minimum and maximum weight of female and male calculated 36 to 250 g (93.4 ± 38) and 36 to 183.27 gr (87.24 ± 25.9), respectively. Reproductive period for this species is from February to June when GSI is considerably higher than the rest months. The absolute fecundity (AF) of siah mahi ranged from 105 to 8134 eggs per fish, with mean AF value of 2252.6±310 eggs per fish, varying considerably at given length and weight and there was a positive linear correlation between AF with total weight (p

In regarding to study the effect of biological parameters of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) brood stocks on girt, 30 specimen of rainbow trout brood stocks were selected from 3 different age class (3, 4, 5 years). The results showed, maximum of girt 36.35± 0.35cm , ovary weight 600±11.25 gr, hatching 90±4 % and larvae weight after hatching 0.15±0.01 were in 5 and 3 years old brood stocks, respectively. The results  showed significant  differences between 3,4 and 5 years old  brood stocks for this instances (P</em><0.05). Maximum of number of eggs in each gram 15±0. 26 Registered in 3 and 5 years old brood stocks, respectively. Maximum absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, and working fecundity were recorded in 4 and 3 years old brood stocks, respectively. The study pointed significant difference between investigated brood stocks (p<0.05). Maximum of larvae survival percentage were observed in 4 and 3 years old brood stocks, respectively. The results showed no significant difference between 5 and 3 years old brood stocks, but for 4 and 5 years old brood stocks was saw significant difference (P</em><0.05). Maximum of gonadosomatic index were observed in 5 and 3 years old brood stocks, respectively. Although gonadosomatic index between 4 and 5 years old fish showed no significant difference, but the study showed significant difference for 3 years old brood stocks (P</em><0.05).

This study aimed to determine sex ratio, age, growth and reproduction of the populations of R.amarusin Sefidroodriver. In total 189 fish were caught monthly from February to June 2013. Overal sex ratio was 1:1/39. Total weight (W) and total length (TL) was 17/2-71/2mm and 0/06-5/81g, respectively. The condition coefficient of males was higher than females. Growth models in all population were positive allometric for males and females. Fishes in Sefidrood river population had 1 till 9 age group.The average number of eggs was 78.778±33.11. Fecundity (F) with fish total length (TL) and weight (W) had significant correlation. The results of this study would help to increase the information of these species.

Inroduction &

Japanese Threadfin Bream,Nemipterus japonicus, is one of the most important commercial fishes and constitutes an important part of the trawl catch in Persian Gulf. The purpose of this study was Fecundity of Japanese Threadfin Bream, Nemipterus japonicus, in Persian Gulf (the Coastal Waters of Bushehr Province).

In this present a total of 595 specimens collected for absolute and relative fecundity researches. The specimens were caught monthly by bottom trawler in the northern part of Persian Gulf (Bushehr Province).

The fecundity of 41mature were studied, that ranged from 114 to 210 mm in fork length. The mean fork length and gonad weight were calculated 189mm (SD = 27.8) and 3.84g (SD = 2.29), respectively. The maximum and minimum absolute fecundity were calculated 1240910 and 84031related to 210 and 114mm FL, respectively. The mean absolute and relative fecundities were 47238842633 and 3817293 (XSE), respectively. The maximum, minimum and mean of oocyte diameter were 0.448, 0.022 0.221mm (SE = 0.071), respectively.

The freshwater angelfishes (Pteophyllum) that have become very popular among aquarists, yet scarce information on their culture and aquarium husbandry exist. In this paper we studied the effects of different feeding regimes on growth and reproduction of Pterophyllum scalar during 40 days culture period.. three diets were used: 1) commercial dry fish food, 2) Artemia nauplii and 3) ground cow heart (during 10 days) were used for 9 pairs angel fish broodstocks Three replications were used in each treatment. With diet 2, females reached a maximum fecundity (first spawning, 461eggs) and percent of fertilization (first spawning, 55.53%). Significant differences were observed between diet 2 and diet 1 and diet 3 (P<0.05), but no significantly differences were observed between 1 and 3(P>0.05). Also the results showed that larvae of treatment 1 had the highest weight and length during three stages of biometry. Biometry was conducted on 30 larvae in each treatment. Weight of larvae had significantly different in days of 13, 22 and 35 with treatment 1and treatment 3(P<0.05).

In regarding to study the fecundity and spawning season of Nemipterus japonicus in Khuozestan coastal، 482 specimens of this species were collected monthly by trawl net from Jun 2005 to May 2006 in Khuozestan coastal. Biometric characteristic such as measurement of fork length، weight and body depth was done، in order to specify spawning time، determining the sex maturity stage، ova diameter and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Ovaries were preserved and transferred to the lab taking the available standard methods into account before estimating the fecundity. The maximum and minimum estimated fecundity were 131321 and 10321 in samples with fork length 219 and 178 mm respectively. Maximum relative fecundity was 713. 54 and the minimum was 55. 81 in fishes with 191 and 178 mm of fork length respectively. Considering the ova diameter in different stage maturity and variation of GSI in different months، indicates that Nemipterus japonicus starts spawning between middle and end of spring. Results indicated that absolute fecundity had the highest correlation related to gonad weight (r= 9/95) and relative fecundity had the highest correlation related to gonadosomatic index (r= 9/94).

Schizocypris bruceibelongs to the family Cyprinidae is economic and native in the region of Sistan. In the reproductive season (April 2009), 36 number anjak fish in Hamoun Wetlands and Zabul were analyzed. After catching with fixed net the fish and transferred to the laboratory after biometric, morphometric - meristic characters, Fecundity and diet were determined. According to the results, average standard length was 15/4± 1/70 cm (12/9-19/5cm) Average lateral line scales of 92/1 ± 8/95 (76-113), body weight of 55/5± 14/45 g (38/4-87/4 g), average total length of 18/5± 1/99 cm (15/4-23/5 cm), ovarian weight 2/43± 2/18 (0/51-6/91 g), the absolute fecundity 4332/26± 3316/67 (1966/96-14077/4 number of eggs), egg diameter, 0/83± 0/21 mm (0/6-1.25 mm), average relative fecundity 69/83±43/37 (45/67-190/38), index average length of intestine in body length 7/00±1/39 (4/76-9/24), index the average growth rate 876/5±115/87 (647/5-1101/7) and index colon weight to total weight of fish, 0/06± 0/028(0/03-0/135). Also pull out the digestive tract of fish, food eaten were identified. According to the results obtained in all cases, spiral intestine of food remnants being degraded and was undetectable and the combined sludge and residue formed. Thus, according to a survey conducted diet of fish was vegetarian. Overall, little difference between the minimum and maximum total length represent the total weight of fish in this lifetime is very low and the low reproductive age shows.

The study of this fish is important due to its biological value in malaria disease control and its negative impacts on other species. This study aimed to determine sex ratio, age, growth and reproduction of the populations of G. holbrooki in Fasa city in spring and summer 2007, 458 mosquito fish were caught in the Baba Sheikh Khalil subterranean and Ghomp-Atashkedeh spring. In both populations, the ratio of females were higher than the males (P<0.05) and fish included two age groups of 0+ and 1+. Total weight (W) and total length (TL) in the subterranean population was 0.14-2.89 g and 21.8-54.9 mm, in the spring population was 0.12-2.13 g and 20.98-49 mm, respectively. The condition coefficient of males was higher than that of females, of 0+ age group was higher than that of 1+ age group and of spring season was higher than that of summer season in the both population. The slope (b) of the total length-weight regression indicated negative allometric growth in males and positive allometric in females in the both population (p>0.05). The average number of eggs was 24.48±17.4 (range: 2-81) in the subterranean, and 19.08±12.26 (range: 1-86) in the spring. Fecundity (F) with fish total length (TL) and weight (W) had significant correlation (p<0.05). Biological data obtained from this study will help in further planning and modifications of the efforts in mosquito control.

In this trial، 90 Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was sampled from a bay during April - Jun 2008، and some reproductive characters were studied. The correlation between gonadic characteristics (absolute and relative fecundity، gonad weight، Gonadosomatic index، diameter of egg and number of egg per gram) with fish size (Length and weight) and hepatic index were determined with Pearson and fecundity was calculated by gravimetry method. Also، the broodstocked were divided into 6 groups on their total length، and compared with Duncan test (α=%5). In broodstocks with length of 29. 5 cm and 44. 5 cm hepatic index were 0. 43± 0. 2 and 0. 32±0/11 and gonadosomatic index were 12. 12±1. 98 and 9. 89±1. 18 respectively. The correlation between treatment were not significant (P>0. 05). According to the results، maximum and minimum absolute fecundity were 156238. 8±64003. 47 and 52429. 5±7630. 39 respectively and relative fecundity were 94335. 5±12698. 06 and 130581. 5±12508. 19 per kilogram body weight. The results show that increasing fish size، the absolute fecundity was increased significantly (P<0. 05)، but the relative fecundity not influenced by fish size. The highest correlation coefficient was observed in absolute fecundity with gonadal weight (GW) and relative fecundity with gonadosomatic index (GSI). With increasing fish size، the number of egg per gram were decreased but the correlation between them were not significant (P<0. 05). There are significant relationship between total weight and total length to egg diameter (P<0. 01). The index of total length of fish can be applied as the more subtle factor to select of the broods of cyprinus carpio.

Temperature and photoperiod are important parameters in zooplankton culture, particularly in cladoceran culture due to their significant effect on growth and reproduction. Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the growth and fecundity of a cladoceran, Moina macrocopa was examined by culturing and feeding it with green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda in 500 ml conical flasks. Treatments used for temperature (0C) and photoperiod were 25, 30, 35 (0C) and 12:12, 24:0 and 0:24(light:dark hours), respectively. The maximum population density (310.5 individuals/flask), maximum specific growth rate (SGR) (0.387 individuals /day), shortest population doubling time (Dt) (1.79days) and highest fecundity (8.5 offsprings/ female) obtained at 30(0C). Correspondingly, the maximum population density (320.7 ind/flask), maximum SGR (0.538 ind/day), shortest Dt (1.28 days) and highest fecundity (7.54 offsprings/ female) determined at 24:0 light:dark photoperiod. Overall, this research showed that growth and reproduction of M. macrocopa at 30 (0C) and 24:0 light:dark photoperiod gave significant performance (P<0.05) compared to other examined treatments. Mass culture of this species under the mentioned conditions of temperature and photoperiod could provide suitable live food for use in fish larvaiculture.