opportunities

Background and Theoretical Foundations:  

Efforts in economic development, financing of projects, and promotion of new technologies can be considered some of the most important achievements of the entry of foreign investors, especially multinational companies. Therefore, in the current world, studying the role of direct or indirect foreign investment in multinational companies is of strategic importance for the development of the world economy and business. In the past few decades, multinational companies have played a significant role in the economic and commercial development of the world, especially the growth of developing countries such as Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, China, Singapore, and India.

In this research, using the analytical descriptive method, the opportunities and challenges of multinational companies' investment in Iran were investigated by reviewing the investment capacities in the marine sector.

The findings of this research indicate that if the investment conditions in developing countries and transition economies are guaranteed, international investors will be more willing to participate in such markets, especially in sea ice, considering the capacities They will have the potential of Iran on Makran coasts and islands and Persian Gulf coasts.

According to the words of the president, Iran needs 200 billion dollars of foreign investment for 8% growth. Therefore, multinational companies have significant power and influence, especially in the development of marine industries, due to their economic facilities and advanced technology. In the marine industry sector, developing countries have less exploitation capacity than developed countries due to the harsh working environment. The role of these companies has been proven as part of the current economic reality of the contemporary world. Therefore, investing countries can control the activities and performance of transnational companies through the adoption of policies and by creating political, social, and economic stability and formulating rules and regulations in the fields of currency, wages and salaries, and natural resources and the amount of development of ports, roads and communication networks should use the resources of these companies for all-round development. In recent years, the world has witnessed a new and growing type of foreign direct investment caused by transnational companies. The relations of developing countries With advanced countries and the impact of their interaction with transnational companies, it has provided the basis for the development process in such countries. In terms of challenges, the most important challenges and investments of multinational companies in Iran are the government's interference in the economy, strict laws and regulations that limit the activities of international companies, such as Article 81 of the Constitution, and international sanctions based on America. Therefore, if the investment conditions in developing countries and transition economies like Iran are guaranteed, international investors will have more desire to participate in such markets. This allows the host countries to take advantage of comparative advantages, economic growth, job creation, and access to modern knowledge and technology to produce competitive goods in the international arena. Therefore, accelerating the flow of foreign investment provides mutual benefits for host countries such as Iran, considering the country's need for 200 billion dollars of foreign capital. Therefore, to get the most benefit from foreign investment, it is necessary to ensure political stability and economic security, improve infrastructure, and establish and implement appropriate laws and regulations. In the meantime, the need to pay special attention to free zones and sea-oriented development and investment in this sector as controlled geographical areas and the most susceptible spaces for attracting foreign investment seems necessary. The maritime sector has a very high potential due to the approval of sea-oriented development policies, and the flow of domestic and foreign capital in this sector can institutionalize the comprehensive development of the country due to the huge capacity of this sector. Finally, economic sanctions are the most important political factors hindering foreign investment attraction. This is while changing internal laws and regulations, including banking and financial laws, adopting the same behavior and the same approach with domestic and foreign investors, establishing investment guarantees, making the risks related to investment predictable, facilitating the business environment, and Abolishing economic sanctions and establishing constructive communication and resolving disputes with the countries of the region, developed countries, especially the European :union:, and resolving disputes with the United States, ultimately making the business and investment environment competitive in the country for the presence of different blocs can be conditions provided that the maximum investment in different parts of the country.

In the coming decades, feeding the world's expanding population nutritiously and sustainably will require major improvements in the global food system worldwide. In this research, as a sustainable agricultural and food system, the topic of agricultural added value and sustainable agricultural export and import is mentioned, and these indicators are considered to be a function of temperature, precipitation, inflation and exchange rate. The Midas model was used for fitting and it was concluded that the variables of exchange rate and inflation have a significant effect in all equations and temperature has a significant effect on added value and exports and the amount of precipitation in none of The investigated equations have no significant effect. The reason for the non-significance of the amount of precipitation is due to the small amount of precipitation in Iran as a whole, only the northern provinces and a small part of the western provinces of the country can produce rain due to the influence of the amount of precipitation and in the rest In the regions of the country, regardless of the amount of rainfall in the studied years, agricultural crops are cultivated with successive irrigations. In the field of global food security, the main challenge will be how to produce more food with the same or less resources and waste less. Food security has four dimensions: food availability, food access, food utilization and quality, and food stability. Among several other food sources, the potato crop can meet all these constraints due to its highly diverse distribution pattern, cultivation and current demand, especially in developing countries with high levels of poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Help around the world. The increase in land population and the increase in demand for food puts an unprecedented pressure on agriculture and natural resources. Today's food systems do not provide enough nutritious food to the world's population in an environmentally sustainable way. About 822 million people are undernourished, while 1.2 billion are overweight or obese. At the same time, food production, processing and waste puts unsustainable pressure on environmental resources. By 2050, the global population of 9.7 billion people will demand 70% more food than what is consumed today. According to the report of the International Institute for Food Policy Research on the Global Hunger Index, significant progress has been made in reducing hunger for developing countries. While the score of the World Hunger Index in 2000 was 29.9 for developing countries, the score of the World Hunger Index in 2019 is 20%, which shows a decrease of 31%. As shown in the GHI reports, hunger and inequality are inextricably linked. Perhaps most closely linked to hunger is poverty, the most obvious manifestation of social inequality. Both are rooted in unequal power relations that are often perpetuated and exacerbated by laws, policies, attitudes and practices. Nevertheless, the intersection of poverty with gender, age, and ethnic background among the most salient social determinants can create critical gaps of food insecurity and extreme poverty even among relatively disadvantaged populations. According to FAO (2002), "food security exists when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and dietary preferences for an active and healthy life." " Food security has four key dimensions: (1) “food availability,” which refers to supply; (2) “access to food,” which refers to the ability to produce one's own food or purchase it; (3) "food quality and utilization", referring to the level of nutrition achieved and (4) "food stability", which includes the idea of availability at all times. Therefore, increasing food security requires policies that improve households' ability to obtain food through better production and income. Since potato is one of the global crops with the most diverse distribution pattern and is cultivated in areas with high levels of poverty, inequality, hunger and malnutrition, it can be an effective product for empowering smallholder families. achieve food security and get out of poverty. Hence, innovations based on potato science can be a significant means of targeting the poor and hungry as part of a broader set of research and development activities. In the field of global food security, the main challenge will be how to produce more food with the same or less resources and waste less. Food security has four dimensions: food availability, food access, food utilization and quality, and food stability. Among several other food sources, the potato crop can meet all these constraints due to its highly diverse distribution pattern, cultivation and current demand, especially in developing countries with high levels of poverty, hunger and malnutrition. Help around the world. The increase in land population and the increase in demand for food puts an unprecedented pressure on agriculture and natural resources. Today's food systems do not provide enough nutritious food to the world's population in an environmentally sustainable way. About 822 million people are undernourished, while 1.2 billion are overweight or obese. At the same time, food production, processing and waste puts unsustainable pressure on environmental resources. By 2050, the global population of 9.7 billion people will demand 70% more food than what is consumed today. According to the report of the International Institute for Food Policy Research on the Global Hunger Index, significant progress has been made in reducing hunger for developing countries. While the score of the World Hunger Index in 2000 was 29.9 for developing countries, the score of the World Hunger Index in 2019 is 20%, which shows a decrease of 31%. As shown in the GHI reports, hunger and inequality are inextricably linked. Perhaps most closely linked to hunger is poverty, the most obvious manifestation of social inequality. Both are rooted in unequal power relations that are often perpetuated and exacerbated by laws, policies, attitudes and practices. Nevertheless, the intersection of poverty with gender, age, and ethnic background among the most salient social determinants can create critical gaps of food insecurity and extreme poverty even among relatively disadvantaged populations. According to FAO (2002), "food security exists when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and dietary preferences for an active and healthy life." " Food security has four key dimensions: (1) “food availability,” which refers to supply; (2) “access to food,” which refers to the ability to produce one's own food or purchase it; (3) "food quality and utilization", referring to the level of nutrition achieved and (4) "food stability", which includes the idea of availability at all times. Therefore, increasing food security requires policies that improve households' ability to obtain food through better production and income. Since potato is one of the global crops with the most diverse distribution pattern and is cultivated in areas with high levels of poverty, inequality, hunger and malnutrition, it can be an effective product for empowering smallholder families. achieve food security and get out of poverty. Hence, innovations based on potato science can be a significant means of targeting the poor and hungry as part of a broader set of research and development activities.

The goal of this study is identifying opportunities and utilizing them due to developing Babolsar township marine and beach sports.Mixed research method has been done in two levels qualitatively and quantitatively.In qualitative level the opportunities have been determined in qualification level by semi-structured interview and then a questionnaire has been codified and it distributed among 25 human samples.In quantitative level in three rounds by Delfi method, as in first and second round the answer of questions was in type of yes or no questions and in third round, the questionnaire has been distributed in 5dimensions among samples with the 5-point Likert value.Statistical society includes professional of physical education and science sport,masters of tourism,masters of economic,province and township youth and sport department, coaches and national heroes of marine and beach courses.Friedman Test has been used In order to analyze data from SPSS software and rank the dimensions and variables. The findings shows that the geographical-tourism and infrastructure dimension is the most important dimension in this study which the existence of river and sea and beach has been determined as the most important opportunities in this dimension.The other dimensions have been determined in order of importance in geographical-tourism and infrastructure dimension, economical, human resources, management-communicative and cultural-social. It has been suggested to sport managers of the country and Mazandaran province due to determined opportunities reference of dimensions according to the ranks in this study and similar studies proceed to utilize them in order to develop marine and beach sports of Babolsar Township.