sustainable development

Undoubtedly, the issue of food and food security is one of the most fundamental and important challenges of today and the future of the world. The water crisis in the country increases the importance of paying attention to the issue of sustainability and evaluation of water resources, which determines the necessity of developing an accurate index to evaluate the water situation in the agricultural sector. Considering the consequences and harmful effects of drought and the conditions and potential of the country, especially in the south of Kerman province, it is necessary to devise mechanisms and planned works to deal with and control the drought crisis. In this regard, it seems that the first step to deal with drought and adjust its chaotic effects is to recognize and understand this fact and examine the role of precision agriculture education, and the next step is to identify the components and dimensions of precision agriculture education, strategies and It is the selection of solutions based on which one can take steps towards the sustainable development of water resources. In this regard, the south of Kerman is one of the areas that are always in the crosshairs of huge losses caused by drought and drought, and the studies carried out show that the life of this region depends on the life of the agricultural economy. With a short period of drought and drought due to the low average annual rainfall, the general economy of this region has undergone severe fluctuations and in recent years with the continuous occurrence of more than ten years of drought (in addition to the increase in temperature due to the phenomenon of global warming and the occurrence of unexpected events) The economic sector of this region has been severely damaged, and if fundamental measures are not taken to deal with or co-exist with this phenomenon, in a short time, the economic life of this country will be seriously shaken at the macro-regional level. Therefore, it is hoped that with the use of promotion strategies and accurate agricultural education in relation to the sustainability of water resources, steps will be taken in the direction of agricultural water management in order to preserve and sustain production and the dynamics of economic life at the regional and extra-regional levels.

The research method of this research is descriptive and since it deals with the collection of information related to demographic characteristics and the description of the existing situation, it is a survey type, and on the other hand, considering the objectives of the research, which deals with measuring the relationship between the variables of It is a type of correlation. In the classification of research according to the purpose of this research, it is placed in the category of applied research. This research is a cross-sectional study and was conducted in 2017-2018. This research was carried out in the southern area of Kerman (Jiroft, Kahnuj, Anbarabad, Manojan, Rudbar, Faryab and Qala-Ganj). This research in the field of agricultural extension research and education investigated the role of training in the application of precision agriculture and its components on the sustainable development of agriculture with emphasis on the sustainability of water resources in the south of Kerman. The statistical population of the present study was formed by farmers in the south of Kerman. In this research, according to the type of community under investigation and in order to ensure that all members have an equal chance of being selected, a simple random sampling method is used and information is collected through a questionnaire. In the definition of random sampling, we can say: random sampling is a probability sample in the sense that each member of the population has a probability higher than zero for selection. In simple random sampling, this probability is the same for all members of the population (statistical population). The sample size is determined by using the sample size formula presented by Karjesi and Morgan (1970) and considering the confidence level of 0.95 and the permissible error of 0.05. In this research, due to the unlimitedness of the statistical population, the table of Karjesi and Morgan (1970) was used to determine the sample size. Therefore, the sample size was 384 people. Two questionnaires were used to collect information: 1- Questionnaire on the application of precision agricultural education, taken from the study of Arash and Sabouri (2014), which includes 61 items and in the form of 5-choice Likert scale answers (in the range of very low to too much) is formed. The dimensions of the questionnaire are educational-promotional (1-9), managerial (10-26), economic (27-34), skillful (35-44), policy-making (45-52), social (53-57), cultural (58-61). To determine the form and content validity of the research tool, the questionnaire was given to a group of academic staff members of the agricultural extension and education department of Jiroft University, and the necessary modifications were made according to their suggestions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87 was obtained in the research of Arash and Sabouri (2014), which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. 2- Questionnaire developed by a researcher for sustainable development of agriculture with an emphasis on the sustainability of water resources, this questionnaire consists of 40 items that are designed as a 5-option Likert scale (completely agree to completely disagree). To determine the form and content validity of the research tool, this questionnaire was given to a group of academic staff members of the Agricultural Extension and Education Department of Jiroft University, and the necessary modifications were made according to their suggestions. In this research, by distributing 340 questionnaires and collecting 300 questionnaires, using the SPSS software, the reliability of the entire questionnaire was obtained at 0.870, which is very appropriate and an acceptable figure considering that it is more than 0.7.

Today, the approach of sustainable development has been proposed as the dominant paradigm in development discussions at the global level and has been welcomed by international forums as the main model since the 1970s. The sustainable development of agriculture with an emphasis on the sustainability of water resources is also in line with the ideas of sustainable development due to the inseparableness of these areas from the national body of countries and the importance of these areas both in terms of national development and because of population, production, employment, and close relationship. It was brought up with the environment and… Paying attention to the ever-increasing population growth, food security is one of the most important issues in Iran, which has shown more attention to the agricultural sector. On the other hand, in terms of limited water resources, it justifies the necessity of optimal use and increasing the efficiency of water consumption. With the current trend of water consumption in various sectors of agriculture, industry, drinking and environment, the physical shortage of water will become more evident in the coming years. In the meantime, various approaches and strategies have been proposed to realize the goals of this global model, one of which is teaching the application of precision agriculture. Precision agriculture is a technology that, within the framework of the principles of sustainable development, by collecting and storing spatial features and data processing, leads to the optimal use of production factors and inputs in order to increase productivity. The purpose of this research was to investigate the training of precision agriculture application on the sustainable development of agriculture with an emphasis on the sustainability of water resources in the south of Kerman. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of precision agriculture training (economic, managerial, skill, cultural, social, educational-promotional, policy-making). The results of the regression analysis showed that the variable of precision agriculture training predicts about 97% of the changes in the sustainable development of agriculture with an emphasis on the sustainability of water resources in southern Kerman. And the results of the regression analysis based on the variable dimensions of precision agriculture application education indicated that the dimensions of precision agriculture application education predict about 98% of the changes in sustainable agricultural development with emphasis on the sustainability of water resources in the south of Kerman. do Also, according to the value of beta, the management component of precision agriculture training with a beta of 0.512 has the largest contribution in predicting the sustainable development of agriculture with emphasis on the sustainability of water resources in southern Kerman. The results of this research, with the research findings of Falaki et al. (2008), Arfai and Sheikhi (2008), Alavi (2009), Bardbar et al. Hulter (2009), Batte & Diekmann (2010), Omidi Najafabadi et al (2011), Pandit & Student (2012) are consistent. Raising the level of researchers' knowledge through educational programs and activities in the field of precision agriculture can provide guidance for the feasibility of using this new science in the south of Kerman province.

Background and Theoretical Foundations: 

Blue economy, which has been become a principal part of political, economic and scientific diplomacy of various countries, focuses on economic growth based on sustainable exploitation and protection of marine resources. Marine aquatics production (capture fisheries and aquaculture) is one of the main sections of development of blue economy.  Iran (Islamic Republic of), with 1800 km borderline with the Persian Gulf, is the largest fisheries state in the region and has a high capacity in terms of blue economy.

A qualitative study was used to gather data through a literature review on blue economy. Forty-three scientific papers were analyzed and their primary concepts were illustrated by a word cloud graph.  

Analyses of the contents indicated that blue justice is a top ten concept to blue growth. As a consequence of overfishing and climate change, fish stocks of Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf have mostly been depleted in the past few years. It has led to increasing the vulnerability of small-scale fishing (SSF) communities than before. Therefore, it should be paid a specific attention to these communities in processes of policy making to development of blue economy.

Showing the limitations of blue justice implementation in the region, the present paper demonstrated that blue economy will not developed without considering justice and its implementation is a task for government.

With the emergence of neighborhoods as spots of urban life, the realization of sustainable development was pursued only in the form of neighborhood development and on a local scale, and in continuation of the global thinking, think locally and act locally. The ultimate goal of sustainable neighborhood development is the connection between social and physical capital. This means that social processes are used for the purpose of identity and physical structure and creating capacity for future development. In other words, planning with the people and not for them is the key element of neighborhood development.The purpose of this study is to investigate Spatial analysis of the effects of land use distribution in sustainable development of the city of Tabriz. The purpose of this study is applied research and in terms of method is descriptive - analytical and to collect data, documentary and field studies (observation, interviews and questionnaires) have been used. The population consisted of urban households in urban areas of Tabriz, which according to the census of 1395 had 1558693 households and 497898 households, and a population of 396 households was selected as research sample using the Cochran formula. The reliability of the research tool was calculated by cronbach’s alpha coefficient which showed good reliability. To analyze the data, the mean, structural equation and saw decision making technique were used. The results showed that, in terms of sustainable development, region 8 with 0.115 grade, region 2 with grade 0.110 and region 1 with 0.108 scores were ranked first to third.Examining the condition of the neighborhoods in the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis showed that the neighborhoods in District 8, District 2, and District 1 have good sustainable neighborhood development compared to other urban areas and access to all types of urban uses (educational, health and medical) , sports, recreation, commercial-commercial, suitable housing, infrastructure and basic services, etc.) are easily possible and these components have a positive effect on the economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions and ultimately the stability of the neighborhood. has had in these areas. In addition to these, in these areas, the social identity of the citizens, social participation, connection and belonging, the existence of personal and social security at the local level, the level of employment and productive income, quick access to urban public transportation, the presence of green and open spaces, the amount Low pollution caused by industries and urban transportation, the existence of a suitable landscape, access to educational services, recreation and leisure, health services, access to suitable housing, and the existence of infrastructure facilities and services have a favorable status compared to other urban areas. And the research respondents in these areas were fully satisfied with the existence of different urban land uses and citizens' access to itIn terms of the impact of land use in the development of neighborhood sustainability, indexes of entertainment and leisure with 3.91 test value have the highest impact on the fulfillment of sustainable development of urban neighborhoods in the study area, and generally in sustainable development of urban localities in Tabriz metropolis, physical indices and infrastructure are more intelligible.Also, the spatial analysis of the effects of urban land use distribution at the level of urban areas and its impact on the sustainable development of neighborhoods in the studied area from the point of view of the citizens showed that, in this area of citizenship identity indicators with a T value of 2.56, the existence of citizens' social participation With a T value of 2.42, the existence of green and open spaces in the city neighborhoods with a T value of 2.78, the presence of recreational and leisure places with a T value of 3.91, access to health and treatment with a T value of 3.33. , infrastructural facilities and services with T value of 3.03 and... have had the greatest impact on realizing the sustainability of the development of urban neighborhoods in the ten regions of Tabriz metropolis. However, among these indicators, "the presence of places of recreation and leisure time and access to health and treatment" has received more attention from the citizens due to the spread of the Covid-19 disease (Corona) in the last one year in the whole world. So that the spread of corona virus has created an unprecedented stress among the citizens, and the citizens and the communities in general are aware of the importance of the existence of health and treatment facilities and places of recreation and leisure in different parts of the cities. have taken and even believe that with this structural change that happened with the spread of this infectious disease in the world and especially in big cities, access to health and treatment facilities (such as: hospitals, clinics, doctors' offices, laboratories, etc.) is very important for the stability of urban areas Also, with the spread of the corona virus and the increase in the number of people infected with this virus in the city of Tabriz, many small-scale businesses were closed, and people who, without employment insurance, do not have access to medical services and care systems, people who work in informal sectors, or work as workers in private, semi-private companies, etc., have faced the risk of poverty and deprivation more And for this reason, in order to prevent these disasters, the existence of health and treatment uses in order to deal with this disaster is one of the necessities of neighborhood development. Also, the results showed that the structural model developed in this research to investigate the impact of land use distribution on the sustainability of urban areas has a desirable and acceptable quality.According to the results of the research, suggestions are presented as follows to be considered by planners in the direction of neighborhood sustainability; 1) Development of health and treatment uses in order to prevent all kinds of infectious diseases and reduce the stress of citizens, 2) Increasing the use of sports, leisure, parks, etc. for the use of citizens and reducing the effects of staying at home during During the period of Covid-19 disease and 3) increasing the participation of citizens in development programs and accompanying them in various stages of formulation, implementation and monitoring of urban development programs, etc.

The development of sustainable rural tourism is known as a desirable goal in the development of sustainable tourism due to the addition of the concept of sustainability to rural tourism. But this sustainable development can have negative effects on the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to look at this category with a comprehensive and inclusive perspective. The development of rural tourism is very important for rural areas, because it can help solve economic and social problems, which in turn helps to maintain the local population in permanent places of residence and, as a result, improve. For a long time, rural tourism has been considered to have unique advantages in helping rural areas to get rid of poverty, attracting surplus rural labor, inheriting the culture of rural characteristics, optimizing the rural industrial structure and improving facilities, etc. This category is because rural tourism and related concepts have a wide perspective and scope. In recent years, the rapid development of rural tourism has caused researchers to pay more attention to it and conduct a large number of scientific studies and researches in this field. The increase in tourism activities in rural areas causes the weather, the land to be increasingly at risk of pollution due to the creation of tourism infrastructure and facilities, as well as the damage caused by tourism business activities that meet the needs of tourists. The development of rural tourism inevitably has negative effects on the destination's environment and resources, such as overcrowding, water pollution, waste production, and vegetation destruction. The question of how to reduce the conflict between environmental sustainability and local economic interests has become an important issue in the development of rural tourism. However, the environment and natural resources are essential for the development of rural tourism. In fact, both ignorance and obvious disregard for environmental protection seriously weaken the attractiveness of destinations. Improving and preserving the natural environment and ecosystem is useful for maintaining the competitiveness of rural tourism destinations and achieving sustainable development of rural tourism. It must rely on the joint efforts of residents and tourists. Many studies have investigated how to encourage residents to show environmentally responsible behaviors and green consumption of tourists. In rural tourism, local residents play an essential role in preserving the environment because their behavior and daily activities directly affect the ecological integrity of the destination. The main goal of this research is to investigate the factors influencing the development of sustainable and environmentally preserver rural tourism.

In terms of the basical purpose and the research method used in this research, the qualitative method is the foundational data theory. This type of research is in search of discovering facts and realities and knowledge of phenomena and objects, which expand the boundaries of general human knowledge and discover scientific laws and explain the characteristics and attributes of a reality. In the system of elements of sustainable development of rural tourism, the factors are interdependent, mutual and corresponding. Thematic research of sustainable development not only requires the good performance of one factor, but also the compatibility between factors. In addition, disruption in any factor may lead to weakening or even failure of the entire rural tourism system. Only by explaining the logical relationship and hierarchical context between the factors can one understand the working mechanism of the rural tourism system and have a deeper understanding of the various problems facing sustainable development. As a result, the coordination and corresponding relationship between the factors can be adjusted to achieve the goal of sustainable rural tourism development. Therefore, it is necessary to use qualitative methods such as foundational data theory to examine the conceptual link of these elements. In this research, using purposive sampling, experts in the field of rural management and planning, tourism, environmental management have been used as participants in semi-structured interviews.

According to the findings of the research, the codings were done using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 122 preliminary propositions were extracted. Following an inductive approach (moving from part to whole), the statements extracted were categorized into 83 open codes, 49 axial codes, and 20 selective codes. From the results of the present research, it can be pointed out the effective role of each of the influential factors in the development of sustainable rural tourism and environmental protection, which are presented in the form of the concept of green rural tourism. In fact, green rural tourism can protect the environment while developing sustainable rural tourism, and it is expected that the components of this type of tourism can include sustainable and responsible tourism approaches and create an effective discourse strategy.According to the findings of the research, the codings were done using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 122 preliminary propositions were extracted. Following an inductive approach (moving from part to whole), the statements extracted were categorized into 83 open codes, 49 axial codes, and 20 selective codes. From the results of the present research, it can be pointed out the effective role of each of the influential factors in the development of sustainable rural tourism and environmental protection, which are presented in the form of the concept of green rural tourism. In fact, green rural tourism can protect the environment while developing sustainable rural tourism, and it is expected that the components of this type of tourism can include sustainable and responsible tourism approaches and create an effective discourse strategy.According to the findings of the research, the codings were done using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 122 preliminary propositions were extracted. Following an inductive approach (moving from part to whole), the statements extracted were categorized into 83 open codes, 49 axial codes, and 20 selective codes. From the results of the present research, it can be pointed out the effective role of each of the influential factors in the development of sustainable rural tourism and environmental protection, which are presented in the form of the concept of green rural tourism. In fact, green rural tourism can protect the environment while developing sustainable rural tourism, and it is expected that the components of this type of tourism can include sustainable and responsible tourism approaches and create an effective discourse strategy.

Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.Mining and extraction of mineral resources, in addition to being a global industry, it also plays an important role in the economy and destiny of any country. Due to the fact that mining operations are carried out in remote and environmentally sensitive or less developed areas, we cannot ignore the important point that it causes many problems such as surface water and ground water pollution and aquatic mortality. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, in addition to creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In the case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. If mining is managed in a sustainable manner, so creating jobs, innovation and encouraging investment, it will strengthen the critical infrastructure of any country. In case of poor management, mining leads to environmental destruction, population displacement, inequality and increased conflict and other challenges. Green mining is a modern type of mining model whose main goal is to extract resources optimally and in sufficient quantity, reduce environmental impacts, create balance and optimize the benefits of investment and society based on sustainable development indicators introduced by the United Nations (SDG). Mining is one of the oldest human activities that has been responsible for the economic, cultural and technical development of societies and countries throughout history. The goal of the indicators introduced by the United Nations is to achieve sustainable development in mining and to take into account all aspects that are effective in the lives of the residents around the mines, including economic, social and environmental aspects. In this descriptive-library research, the compatibility between mining activity and SDGs and the relationship between mining and the surrounding environment are investigated and discussed. First, the dimensions of development are defined and finally, sustainable development indicators are examined.

Good agricultural practice (GAP) is a certification system for agriculture, specifying procedures (and attendant documentation) that must be implemented to create food for consumers or further processing that is safe and wholesome, using sustainable methods. While there are numerous competing definitions of what methods constitute good agricultural practice, there are several broadly accepted schemes that producers can adhere too. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) uses good agricultural practice as a collection of principles applying to on-farm production and post-production processes, resulting in safe and healthy food and non-food agricultural products, while taking into account economical, social and environmental sustainability. Introduction of GAP is particularly desirable when there is chronic overuse and misuse of agricultural pesticides. Governments seek to reduce the use of pesticides by promoting alternative methods of pest management, while at the same time ensuring a steady production of safe and wholesome food.

This research was carried out with the general aim of developing Good agricultural practice strategies in Lorestan province. In this research, using analytical studies and literature, the four points of SWOT i.e. strength, weakness, opportunity and threat were identified and prioritized using AHP technique. The statistical population of the research included experts and specialists knowledgeable about the subject in relevant organizations, including agricultural jihad, agricultural research center, environment, university and subject experts in Lorestan province. The sampling method of the study was in accordance with the principles of strategic research through targeted sampling, and finally 26 people were selected for the study. Data analysis was done in the form of SWOT-AHP technique using Expert Choice software.

The findings of the research showed that in the evaluation of the criteria, the points of threat, weakness, strength and opportunity were assigned the first to fourth priorities, and the weights obtained from the results of these points indicate the dominance of the risky environment over the useful. In addition, in the prioritization of strategic areas, the results showed that WT strategy means defensive strategy (minimum-minimum), ST strategy means contingent strategy (maximum-minimum), WO means adaptive strategy (minimum-maximum strategy) and finally The last strategy based on the SO axis is the aggressive strategy (maximum - maximum).

In general, the results of this research can provide new insights for policy makers in the field of agriculture and environment because a strategic plan has been developed in the field of developing appropriate agricultural operations.

Today, the tourism industry, as one of the most important and profitable industries in the world, accounts for a huge part of the foreign exchange earnings of the countries, and in addition to creating jobs, it earns foreign currency, provides peace, fair distribution of wealth, and exchange of cultures. But despite the many benefits that can be attributed to tourism, if proper planning is not done in this field, the development of tourism will cause negative environmental, cultural, social and economic effects. For example, the negative effects in the economic sphere are the increase in property taxes, the cost of goods and services, and the price of land. The negative social effects are increased traffic congestion, crime and other social problems. Negative cultural effects are destructive effects on traditional cultures, and finally, negative environmental effects are increased air pollution, reduced natural resources, and pressure on wildlife. These negative effects and problems usually arise when development (tourism) is carried out in a hurry and the life cycle of the product or the environment is not considered. Due to the emergence of such issues in the environment sector, governments have given increasing importance to environmental issues and have become stricter in environmental regulations, which has caused more and more companies to include environmental protection as part of their corporate social responsibility, which directly causes the formation of a new concept. It is called "Green Corporate Social Responsibility".Based on this and since there was no research on the effect of the green corporate social responsibility on the sustainable development of tourism, it is expected that the results of the present research will increase theat tention of tourism companies to the concept of green social responsibility and lead to the sustainable development of tourism. along with maintaining the health of the environment and local culture of tourist destinations.Based on this, the main question of the current research is whether the green corporate social responsibility has a significant effect on the sustainable development of tourism?

The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of green corporate social responsibility on the sustainable development of tourism in Ardabil province. Ardabil province with the capital of Ardabil city is one of the northwestern provinces of Iran. This province is bordered by Republic of Azerbaijan from the north, East Azerbaijan province from the west, Gilan province from the east, and Zanjan province from the south. One of the characteristics of this province is the pleasant and cool weather of this region in spring and summer. Other cities of this province include Ardabil, Beilehsavar, Parsabad, Sareyn, Nir, Khalkhal, Meshgin shahr and Namin. The type of research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of the nature of method. The statistical population of the study was the employees of service organizations related to tourism in Ardabil province. Simple random sampling method was used for sampling and Krejcie & Morgan table was used to select the sample size. Considering the existence of about 315 hotels, guesthouses and apartment hotels in the province, which have a total of about 3500 employees, the sample size was 346 people. Collection of required data using two standard questionnaires, effective factors in the development of tourism in the region and corporate environmental responsibility questionnaire was performed and all questions are graded on a five-point Likert scale (from 1 = completely disagree to 5 = completely agree). Validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling approach using SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 3 software.

The research results indicate that the green corporate social responsibility variable explains the tourism variance. Since the path coefficient of the effect of the green corporate social responsibility variable on tourism has been calculated equal to 0.181 and considering that the t-value is equal to 3.012 and it is significant at the 0.05 level, with 95% confidence It can be said that the green corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the sustainable development of tourism, and if the green social responsibility is strengthened in companies and organizations related to tourism, tourism will also develop. Therefore, considering that t-value is greater than 1.96 at the 95% confidence level, the green corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the sustainable development of tourism.

According to the presented results, it can be said that the green corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the sustainable development of tourism. Therefore, if companies, organizations and businesses related to tourism, such as hotels, travel agencies and tourism transport companies, etc., fulfill their green social responsibility, in such a way that they use sustainable and renewable energy sources in their activities, materials use recyclables in their products and packaging and be committed to protecting the environment, while they can help improve their company's image and attract more customers (tourists) to them (especially customers who are in favor of protecting the environment), finally, in this way, they can contribute to the sustainable development of tourism in a region and prevent the negative effects of tourism, such as air and environmental pollution, destructive effects on local culture, etc. Based on this, practical suggestions are presented as follows:- In the first place, the culture of implementing green social responsibility should be institutionalized in companies and organizations related to tourism.
- Tourist transportation companies should modernize their vehicles or use clean fuels in their vehicles.
- Travel agencies and tours use renewable and recyclable materials in their products and packaging.
- Increase the use of clean energy such as solar and wind energy in the tourism industry (however, this requires huge government investment).
Finally, it should be mentioned that one of the limitations of this research was the lack of a similar research on the impact of the green corporate social responsibility on the sustainable development of tourism, as a result of which it was not possible to compare the results of the current research with previous researches.

‌‌Today, livability has been proposed as one of the appropriate solutions to achieve urban development and ultimately a basis for achieving sustainability. One of the topics that urban livability can affect is urban tourism. Ardabil, as a study sample of this research, is one of the cities with high tourism potential. For this reason, the main goal of this research is to measure the livability and sustainable tourism of Ardabil city and the relationship between them. In this regard, this research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. The required data was collected by means of a researcher's questionnaire tool and through 385 citizens and 100 tourists. For data analysis, one-sample T, independent T, and Pearson correlation tests were used in SPSS software. The findings of the research have shown that the livability of Ardabil city and its tourism are average. In terms of dimensions, the economic dimension is in a worse condition than the social, physical and environmental dimensions, and that there is a meaningful, consistent and strong relationship between livability and sustainable tourism, that is, with the development and improvement of the condition of the component. With sustainable tourism, the city of Ardabil will become more sustainable and vice versa.

Environmental education plays a crucial role in preserving, honoring and improving the environment as well as reducing ecological problems, through the formal education system as the most important culturalization body, by improving the level of knowledge, culture and insight of the society. The current research aims to investigate effective educational methods in environmental education in schools.In a descriptive-survey applied research in 2022-2023 academic year, data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The research tool was based on the Likert spectrum, the validity of which was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.89. The teachers and curriculum planners of the elementary and middle school courses of Ilam city formed the statistical population of the research; where the sample size of 300 and 22 based on the Morgan table and stratified sampling method with random assignment were obtained, for the teachers of the two courses and curriculum planners, respectively. Data analysis was done by t-test  in SPSS software. From the teachers and planners’ point of view on different educational courses, the optimal methods of teaching environmental concepts were effective in each of the elementary and middle schools. The psychological characteristics of students in each educational levels can explain such attitude difference. Improving the quantity and improving the quality of educational programs depends on the way of teaching/learning as well as the application of proper educational methods that are suitable for the audience or student.

The valuable place of the environment in human societies has always been considered around the world because human survival is measured by its protection. Thus, we need a solution to deal with the negative consequences in order to protect the marine environment of the Persian Gulf and to implement the goals of sustainable development in this region, which is one of the most polluted and vulnerable marine areas. Because the increasing dominance of these factors has created irreparable environmental catastrophes in the Persian Gulf ecosystem that all coastal countries are responsible for preventing them. Accordingly, the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals have set out a codified set of tasks for countries, to be fulfilled by 2030. Moreover, taking into account the Millennium Development Goals, it offers solutions to solve the earth’s environmental problems in the field of poverty, clean water, clean energy and state-of-the-art technologies. Certainly, achieving the goals of sustainable development and increasing the quality of life of human beings in accordance with current and future needs is possible by achieving the tools of economic growth along with social quality and transforming to sustainable production methods and consumption patterns by establishing environmental balance.

This article studied analytically and through library research while examining the negative consequences and obstacles to progress, also refers to the approach of positive consequences and offers solutions to overcome obstacles.

The results of this article show that necessary and unavoidable to study the consequences and to establish a procedure to achieve the proposed indigenous indicators and adapt of sustainable development goals in the Persian Gulf regions level;  because achieving positive results in this matter is achievable through providing balance between economy, society and marine environment.

According to the analysis performed, considered as a fundamental solution for future research to eliminate marine environmental pollution, the protection of the marine environment of the Persian Gulf has been made possible by supporting and conducting the goals of sustainable development of the 2030 instrument and implementing it in the region so as to pave the way for attainment of sustainable development in marine regions by eliminating the barriers and negative consequences that impede sustainable development. Eventually, for the implementation of the 2030 instrument in the regions and countries of the Persian Gulf, governments are obliged to adopt the goals of sustainable development with regard to the appropriate environmental conditions. Hence, one of the basic objectives of the present paper is to explain and design indigenous indicators proposed for sustainable development across the regional areas of the Persian Gulf.

Abstract Today, proper planning and comprehensive use of the environment is based on recognizing the potential of the land. The selection of recreational places such as tourism development should be based on ecological, social and economic components, no development will lead to sustainable development without proper studies and planning for development. Given the population growth and human need for recreational spaces, sometimes studies for tourism development seem necessary. Due to the importance of parks and green space in human life, in this study, appropriate locations for the development of natural tourism and optimal location for tourism development were measured and selected. For this purpose, from the method of global networks and criteria for selecting the location of the forest park, water resources, road access, landscape, climate, forest percentage, and topography were examined according to the conditions of the region. The sum of the scores per square showed that the score obtained by the squares is between 25 and 50 points. The result indicates the ability of the measured units to evaluate from inability to weak to develop recreation.

Studies for land use planning and allocation at all national, regional, regional and local levels is one of the levers of sustainable development. The environment is the most important component of human life. In a way, one of the most important challenges for governments in this century is environmental crises. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the right methods of ecological resource management with a sustainable development attitude. (Nakhaei et al. 2010). Urban green space provides a pleasant environment for urban dwellers with longevity, stress reduction, relaxation and sports opportunities, and allows them to connect with nature and engage in outdoor activities. In fact, green space and its use is of particular importance to planners. (Lee and Ghosh 2018, Chen 2017, Roland and Debrah 2014). A quiet environment, such as parks, waterfront areas and more Recreational spaces are an integral part of a city and are beneficial to the physical and mental health of individuals (Gupta et al. 2012). Studies on vegetation indicate the sign and its effects (Akpinar et al. 2016 and Yang 2009). Psychological studies have also shown this (Cutter et al. 2018).

Topographic map of Ardabil city, section 1, scale 1: 50,000 of the country's surveying organization and other required maps were prepared and based on the network method, the map was divided into square pieces. Based on the UTM lines on the topographic map, the square was selected and the length of each side of the square (dimensions of each side of the grid 12 cm on the map) was considered. (Barzeh Kar, AH, 1384). Finally, 20 evaluation units were obtained. Then, the effective factors in this method, which include (height difference to the region itself), the percentage of forest relative to the area, water resources, landscape and road, were identified and extracted from the topographic map. Analysis and identification of ecological resources was done in the units and scoring and scoring was done according to the criteria of forest park selection and the relevant ecological model using the network method. Also, using satellite images of Google Earth software and frequent field visits, the characteristics of the areas were reviewed and identified, and finally scoring was done and compared with the relevant model, and then recreable and non-recreable areas were separated. From the topographic map of scale 50000/1 of the country's surveying organization to prepare maps of height from the surface, extract information map of water resources and access routes and roads and to estimate the percentage of forest and canopy density from vegetation map information of scale 1.25000 The General Department of Natural Resources of Ardabil Province was used. Landscape information was also obtained through field visits and navigation and Google Eearth software. Recreational power assessment was performed based on the network ecotourism model in three steps. In the first room, physical resources such as (altitude, water resources, length of road per unit and access, topography) and biological data (vegetation) in the area were identified. And landscape information was reviewed by Google Earth field surveys and satellite imagery. Then, climate data were prepared and analyzed and summarized. In the final stage, in order to evaluate the ecological potential of the area to select the location for the forest park and recreation, the characteristics of the units were compared with the ecotourism model of the networks for the forest park location. And suitable units were determined for the development of recreation. In the first step, the structure of the network was described with the aim of evaluating the recreational potential of the region to select the location of the forest park. There is water, perspective and access. In the next level and the final stage, the total score of each unit measured in 5 classes is between 100-50 and quality classification in 5 classes. Table 1) and in the fourth level, suitable places for recreation and suitable areas for recreation development, after comparison with the following classes, were placed in several classes of powerlessness, weak power and medium power. Classes 3, 4, 5 indicate suitable places for tourism development.

In this study, in order to determine the potential of the land for the development of ecotourism activities, the networking method was used. And the results showed Table (2) - Most units do not have the capacity according to the network model to develop recreation. It should be borne in mind that any model for use in different areas may have advantages and limitations. In other words, the specific model of each region is a function of the specific conditions of that region. Therefore, with heavy field operations and complete and accurate knowledge of the characteristics of the area, the model should be determined so that the best and most accurate result in the evaluation can be achieved. This study showed that according to the results of this method, the degree of land quality for the development of recreation in the units is significantly different, so the place of recreation development should be determined along with studies. Given that people are the main beneficiaries of recreation areas, the manner and function of their choice of recreation space can be of great help to researchers in planning recreational projects. Recognizing the places where the density and pressure of the population is higher and the reason for this density makes it possible to properly evaluate and design the distribution of facilities and to transfer the pressure of recreational use to less visited places that Is one of the main objectives of this study and moderated the environmental damage caused by tourist density. One of the basic steps to promote the development of any country is the optimal use of all its resources with scientific management. Due to the increase in population and the need for recreational areas, it is sometimes necessary to identify areas prone to ecotourism use through ecological potential assessment studies. For this purpose, it is suggested to use newer evaluation methods. And the results of these researches should be compared with the previous methods and results, so that better results of land capability for the desired land use are of great importance. The need to protect and support areas with special habitats is more important than the development of tourism.

Food security means ensuring that the public has access to adequate, healthy and nutritious food. Increasing population and subsequent increase in demand requires increasing production per unit area. On the other hand, the area of arable land has decreased due to various factors such as drought, increasing soil salinity and urban development. For example, upsetting the balance of nutrients, reducing the quantity and quality of the product, the accumulation of heavy metals such as boron, cadmium, lead, etc. in the plant can be mentioned. other problems can include reduced absorption of elements and micronutrients by the roots, destruction of soil structure, pollution of surface and groundwater, reduced population of soil organisms and so on. While organic farming is one of the sustainable agricultural strategies that is based on natural methods of pest and disease control and the use of pesticides and artificial herbicides, chemical fertilizers, hormones and antibiotics to It is forbidden as much as possible. Therefore, in recent decades, many efforts have been made at the international level to move towards sustainable development.

The increase in population and the expansion of urbanization, followed by the growth of industrial units, has led to the production of waste and pollutants, and the amount of effluents and wastes that humans enter the environment has increased. So that it is one of the most fundamental dangers of human society. Today, traditional waste collection and disposal systems are not accountable and can not prevent environmental pollution caused by various types of chemical, microbial, radioactive waste. Therefore, the scope of management of this category is very wide and variable, for such an issue there is no other way but management and strategic program. Waste pollution is not only a factor in increasing economic costs, but also a threat to human health both mentally and physically. Various wastes are the inevitable result of the widespread use of chemicals and industrial and agricultural products in everyday life. Global experience has shown that if waste is not properly managed and these materials are not converted into less hazardous materials by scientific and technical methods or are not disposed of properly and properly, they will be the source of many hazards and threats. Waste is an unavoidable product of any society, the management of which is one of the basic needs of society. Therefore, having a waste management system is essential. Waste management is as one of the most important concerns of human societies. Increasing volume of waste on the side and their diversity furthermore adds to the complexity of the conditions and how to collect and dispose of them. Waste management has always been one of the most important issues that governments consider in macro and regulatory laws and regulations. The urban waste management system in its modern sense emerged in the 1930s in industrialized countries. This becomes important for governments when the environmental and health risks of waste increase and find the dimensions of human rights and citizenship. In this regard, the purpose of this writing is to investigate the approach of the country's development programs in connection with waste management. Because of the importance of these programs in the development of the country, their study on the one hand provides the possibility of recognizing the shortcomings of the national development process and on the other hand corrects the trends. Also, since program laws are considered the most important development document in the country; Therefore, paying attention to waste management in the country's program laws can be an effective step in solving these cases.

Whereas the country's development plans are the most important policy documents in which development goals and strategies are formulated according to the ideals, capabilities, facilities and environmental conditions of the country; Paying attention to waste management in these programs can play an effective role. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method, first, considering the ambiguity of the concept of waste management to define and express this concept, then we have reviewed and analyzed the laws of the development program of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to waste management. In such a way that Articles related to the discussion of waste management are extracted and then these Articles, according to the different expressed subjects in them, categorized in six titles Municipal wastewater and sewage, pollution fines, hazardous waste management, new methods of waste disposal and recycling, financial issues of waste management.

By studying the provisions of the program laws, it became clear that the situation of waste management in Iran in recent years has been considered. Waste management is one of the most important pillars in sustainable development that the Law on Waste Management as a turning point in the attention of the Iranian legal system to the issue of "waste" as a comprehensive law in the field of dealing with the dangerous effects of pollution and problems caused by waste for their optimal management was approved by the legislature. Waste management is seriously considered in the Fourth Development Program Act. Also, one of the policies of the Sixth Development Program is to establish a comprehensive waste management system and to develop and support the recycling industry. So that the establishment of a comprehensive waste management system with the establishment of the system of evaluation, monitoring and monitoring of recycling activities are among the basic measures envisaged in this area. Pollution crimes in the third and fifth development programs have been considered for the comprehensive management and sustainable development of water resources in the country, according to which units that produce wastewater with more pollution than the national standards, in case of violation Execution of Sewage collection installations, filtration and Sanitary disposal of effluent are subject to fines. The management of some hazardous and new wastes, including nuclear wastes, is one of the challenges considered by legislators in the countries, which is also mentioned in Iranian law in the Fifth Development Program. One of the important issues and problems of countries is the achievement of new methods of waste management, which has been considered in the fourth, fifth and sixth development programs. Finally, it must be acknowledged that communities have faced one of the most important consequences of industrial development over the past few decades, and that improper transportation of waste is a major contributor to environmental pollution; Waste is one of the most fundamental hazards of human society that is considered an integral part of human life today, Therefore, having a waste management system is essential. Program rules can play a role in waste management and promote pollution control as industries develop. But to achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable development with an emphasis on environmental protection, we need a plan with a comprehensive view of all the factors affecting waste management, which can be taken in this direction by careful and principled planning, so that with proper management, these rules can be used in appropriate directions. Therefore, in the next step, we can think about filling the gaps and weaknesses and its pathology, and prepare and provide the necessary decision and action to improve its implementation status.

in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 experts, and in the quantitative part, to measure the model, a researcher-made questionnaire with relative cluster sampling method was used among 285 people. Were distributed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face and content method and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS and AMOS software. The results of the qualitative section indicate that the environmental model of sustainable development has 15 dimensions in terms of causal conditions (1. service mission, 2. safety and health requirements, 3. social responsibility), underlying conditions (4. education and learning, 5 Culture building, 6. Attitudes and knowledge of managers), intervention conditions (7. Contractors, 8. Technical facilities and equipment, 9. Technology and technical operations), strategy (10. Medium and long-term policies of the Ministry of Energy, 11. Supervision and Continuous evaluation of project progress is 12. Customer Consumption Management Programs, 13. Residual Pollution Management Programs) and Outcome (14. Improving the Environmental Performance of the Gas Company and 15. Moving Towards Sustainable Development). The results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions of the research paradigm model were confirmed.

There are many medicinal plants in Iran that are not endangered but their indigenous knowledge is rapidly eroding due to lifestyle changes. In this paper, along with the study of flora, Life forms, and chorotype of medicinal plants of Taft County, tried to collect and record the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants in this county. After determining the different habitat areas of the county, collection of medicinal plants and indigenous knowledge about the medicinal properties of herbs was done. According to the results of this study, 91 species of medicinal plants were identified. The Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Brassicaceae families, have the most species. species belonging to the Iran- Turanian region show most frequency and The most common life form was therophytes. Ethnobotanical knowledge shows these species are mainly used to treat digestive, respiratory and urinary problems. One of the basic prerequisites for achieving sustainable development is the proper management of natural areas, it is important to recognize species in order to prevent them from being destroyed. These researches, In addition to demonstrating the importance of botany in applied research, can leads to the proper environmental planning, and being the basis for sustainable exploitation of natural resources.

The purpose of this study is to adapt the conditions of Chabahar port and prioritize the important factors that have been proposed by the Eco-Port site for European ports in the last 4 years in order to bring the port toward a green port. This research has moved towards the sustainable development of ports as one of the most important polluting areas in the country. In this study, first, the factors were confirmed with the comments of six environmental experts from the Chabahar port by using the Delphi elite technique in the form of phasing and then ranked the factors by explaining the AHP-adjusted questionnaire. Prioritization of identified factors indicates the predominance of prominent environmental problems in the port under investigation. The study was conducted in two phases, during operation and during development, which in addition to highlighting the current environmental problems, has created plans for the emergence of new phases under construction at the port.

The aim of this study is to teach the benefits of using new and renewable energies and familiarize students with how to produce biodiesel through easy and effective experimental design. Biodiesel is one of the types of biofuels, new and clean energy from biomass resources, which can be easily provided in order to compensate for the reduction of fossil energy resources and sustainable development and help the environmental pollution crisis, and can be used without changing diesel engines. This fuel is renewable and biodegradable, with less emissions and greenhouse gases, because of these benefits students should be familiar with this new fuel and how it is made. Considering that the document of fundamental evolution in education has paid special attention to the issue of natural resources and familiarizing students with environmental teaching and environmental education, for this purpose, in this article, while introducing biodiesel, an experiment with simple and available materials to prepare biodiesel design. It is easily implemented by students. The ingredients used are vegetable oil purchased from the store, alcohol and a strong base such as sodium hydroxide. In this experiment, the reaction in different conditions in terms of temperature, process time and the ratio of alcohol to oil was examined in the laboratory to obtain the highest efficiency. In this experiment, biodiesel was obtained in optimal conditions with a yield of 96%.

Urban parks have an important role in human society because of direct communication with people and are one of the indicators of developing new communities. The existence of security and suitability of the facilities required in urban parks will sustain sustainable development and increase the presence of more people. as a result, improved quality of life and societal security increases. The aim of this study was to assess social security in Mellat Park in the city of Zahedan in order to sustainable development as a descriptive analysis with the preparation and distribution of the questionnaire. Data processing was performed using Spearman's statistical test in the SPSS software and with the acquisition of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.761, the validity of the questionnaire. The results show there is a positive and significant correlation coefficient(P<0.05), between societal security and the selected monitoring indicators(0.57), quality(0.77) and activity in Park(0.82) and the average score of societal security2.61 and standard deviation of this variable 0.45 is that social security is evaluated in this medium.

By formulating the UN sustainable development document in 2000, countries committed to do two basic actions related to women. The first, to do the planning and formulation of policies to empower women and realize their greater participation in society fundamental surfaces and second, to create and promote mechanisms for capacity building and increasing the capacity for planning and effective management for environmental affairs. In this article, it is supposed to be examined the relationship between women and their empowerment and its role in environmentally Sustainable development. In other words, this article argues that the existence of forms of discrimination between men and women, especially social and managerial roles levels and depriving them from Different levels of education and employment have a significant role in environmental problems and will provoke them. Finally, this result was achieved that sustainable development in environmental issues and affairs would not be possible; Unless, by increasing women's capacities and awareness about environmental issues, facilitating their participation and collaboration in social roles and increasing their managerial capabilities and capacities at equal levels with men.