acrylamide

With the ex-potentially increase pollutants of dyes, the purification of cationic dye waste water has been an urgent environmental problem. As a new kind of porous adsorbent, hydrogel modified activated carbon frameworks still face challenges in agglomeration, regeneration, reuse ability, and synthesis environmentally un-friendly. In this work, activated carbon was grown in situ on the surface of sodium alginate (AAc-AM) beads to fabricate (AAc-co-AM)/AC. This study works to examine the elimination of Brilliant Blue (BB), a harmful and persistent dye that could cause extensive ecological damage, from an aqueous solution via adjusting the amount of acrylamide (AM) and the degree of co-polymer cross-linking. The co-polymer of hydrogels efficiently removes BB in a brief time frame. The synthesized hydrogel was characterized via FESEM and TEM. The best adsorption efficiency of the nanocomposite was 114.4 mg.g-1. Reactivation appears to indicate that the material could be utilized repeatedly and has a better ability to resist interference. In addition, the percentage removal of BB dye by hydrogel from aqueous solution were above 91.40%. Therefore, the hydrogel appears great potential for the wastewater.

This investigation studies the antibacterial action of a novel palm resin – poly(acrylamide) based hydrogel silver nanocomposite. Palm resin-based semi-interpenetrating hydrogel networks (SIH) were synthesized through an improved free radical polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of palm resin using N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as the cross-linker, ammonium persulphate (APS) as the initiator and N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TEMED) and heat as the activators for APS. In this one-pot preparation, SIH was formed in a short reaction time of 10 minutes. The formed SIH was converted into Hydrogel Silver Nanocomposite (HSN) by loading silver ions into the SIH matrix and reducing the silver ions to nanosilver with neem plant extract (Azadirachta Indica) as a green reducing agent. The formed HSN was probed with UV-Visible Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) study, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of time, silver nitrate concentration, and pH on the swelling behavior of HSN and its antibacterial activity were investigated. The antibacterial studies revealed that the prepared HSN significantly decreases bacterial growth. The strong hindrance of Ago-loaded hydrogel against bacterial growth and the ideal release of nanosilver into the bacterial culture makes the HSN appropriate for biomedical applications.

A new method for the synthesis of double network hydrogel of polyacrylamide (PAM)-alginate (alg) with novel properties is described. A cooking oil, as an organic phase, and a solution consisting of sodium-alginate (Na-alg), acrylamide (AM), crosslinker, and initiator in water, as water phase, are used to produce Water in Oil (W/O) emulsion, stabilized by polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 80) at room temperature. CaCl2 nanoparticles are synthesized and dispersed in an oil medium and finally added to the emulsion. To obtain double network hydrogel, crosslinking agent N, Nʼ-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and Ca2+ cations are used for crosslinking of acrylamide and alginate polymers, respectively. Ca2+ nanoparticles in the oil phase move towards the aqueous droplets interface where dissolve into them and cause the formation of alginate networks. Furthermore, aqueous droplets, which contained a solution of AM, MBA, and ammonium persulfate (APS, as an initiator), act in the role of a reaction loci, and polymerization of AM are carried in these loci at 60 °C. These two polymer networks, synthesized in aqueous droplets, are interpenetrated to each other, and depending on the size of droplets, submicron double network hydrogel particles are formed. Prepared particles were employed for entrapping and releasing the model anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The obtained double network hydrogels were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). In addition, swelling properties in water, adsorption, and release of model drugs were also studied.

Despite the huge work concerning the applicability of polymeric hydrogels in the field of drug release, it is still a promising and interesting area for more improvements and trials for preparing newly designed drug delivery systems. In this study, acrylamide and hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) copolymer hydrogels were prepared with the aid of gamma radiation, and the P(AAM/HEMA) nanocomposite hydrogels were obtained by in situ absorption and reduction method of iron salts and silver nitrates (AgNO3) to form P(AAM/HEMA)-Fe3O4 and P(AAM/HEMA)-Ag nanocomposites. The prepared hydrogels and the formed nanoparticles were studied by various techniques; FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and the gel content and swelling behavior were evaluated. FT-IR confirmed the high interaction, which resulted in the successful formation of the AAm/HEMA copolymer hydrogel. TEM provides a good evaluation of the size of the formed Fe3O4 and Ag NPs  to be 12 and 8.5 nm respectively. The prepared hydrogels and nanocomposite hydrogels were examined as drug delivery systems for Ciprofloxacin HCl as a model drug. The results showed that PAM/HEMA-Fe3O4 nanocomposite gave the suitable load and release behavior towards Ciprofloxacin HCl.

Some new 1,4-thiazepine derivatives (J16-J30) have been successfully synthesized through the reaction between each of diphenyl acryl amides (J1-J10) and diphenyl dienones (J11-J15) with ortho-mercapto aniline. The reaction was performed in an alkaline medium using ethanol as a solvent. The diphenyl acryl amides were prepared from the condensation reaction of para-substituted acetanilides with different para benzaldehydes, while para-substituted benzaldehydes were reacted with acetone to produce the diphenyl dienones. All the prepared compounds have been identified, using visible and ultraviolet radiation spectrum, and infrared spectrum. Some of the new synthesized compounds have been diagnosed and confirmed their structures by proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, respectively). The purity of prepared compounds was confirmed by relying on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) results. The biological effect of these derivatives was assessed against certain types of gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus Pneumonia and Staphylococcus Aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and Proteus Moralities). The results showed a high antibacterial effect towards both types of the used bacteria at high concentrations, while the prepared compounds behaved differently at low concentrations. The results indicated that most of new thiazepines revealed a high antibacterial effect towards both types of the tested bacteria at high concentrations (100 mg/mL), while behaved oppositely at low concentrations (10 and 50 mg/mL). This is related to high concentration effect resulting in an increase for inhibition zone diameter. The highest antibacterial effect was observed for compounds (J17, J19, J21, J24, J25, J26, J28, and J30) at 100 mg/mL. One of the reasons could be the presence of halogenes and nitro groups compared to the other compounds as a result of electron withdrawal groups role.

In recent years, numerous researchers have concentrated on the process of turning wa s te into usable materials. Poly s tyrene and its modifications have received great attention over the pa s t few decades due to their out s tanding ion exchange behavior toward various toxic heavy metals in aqueous solutions. Therefore, this s tudy is concerned with the preparation of three different cationic polymeric resins for the removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Fe3+ heavy metal ions from their contaminated water samples based on the sulfonated singleused poly s tyrene teacup wa s te (SPS), which was used to prepare sulfonated poly s tyrene-g-acrylamide monomer (SPS-g-Acryl) and sulfonated poly s tyrene-g-chitosan (SPS-g-Chit) using commercial chitosan (DD=85%) originally extracted from shrimp cortex. The concentrations of the selected heavy metal ions were measured before and after each experiment with a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (F-AAS). The analytical s tudies s tarted by exploring the influence of pH (2, 4, 6, and 8) on removing the heavy metal ions Pb2+, Cd2+, and Fe3+ from their aqueous solutions. The obtained results revealed that as the pH of the analyzed ion solution is increased, the removal efficiency for ions increases. All three resins (SPS, SPSg- Acryl, and SPS-g-Chit) had different removal efficiencies for the inve s tigated ions, with SPS-g-Chit resin being the be s t in both batching and column loading methods, and they could be compared in the following order: SPS-g-Chit > SPS-g-Acryl > SPS, and it could be reused after regeneration.

In this work, we have synthesized new copolymers by modification ofcarboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with acrylamide and / or 4-vinylpyridine. These copolymers have been characterized by different methods namely, Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (ATG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). They were used as flocculants for the treatment of water suspensions containing bentonite and kaolin particles. Moreover, the effects of several factors, such as the pH, floculants concentration, suspensions concentration, and settling time, were investigated. The obtained results showed that the presence of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) in the copolymer has a positive effect on the efficiency of turbidity elimination. It is worth indicating that for a settling time of 10 min, and for the CMC-AM-4VP copolymer, this efficiency reached the value of 89% and 75% for bentonite and Kaolin suspensions respectively.

Acrylamide is one of the potential environmental public health problems, resulting from its increased accumulation in the process of cooking foods containing high levels of carbohydrates that are fried or cooked at high temperatures. So, developing a precise and sensitive analytical method for detecting and determining acrylamide in foods is absolutely necessary and inevitable. Gas Chromatography (GC) and Liquid Chromatography (LC) are two main laboratory techniques for acrylamide determination. In this study, we tried to use a cheaper, faster, accurate method for measuring acrylamide in real food samples. P540 and P503 were used as fluorescent reagents to detect the concentration of acrylamide in potato chips samples from 4 companies. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used in this work. The results obtained for the detection of acrylamide in comparison with the HPLC-MS method showed that there is an acceptable overlap between the fluorescence spectroscopy and HPLC method. The amount of acrylamide in four potato chips samples, obtained from the market in Tehran city, was determined using the proposed method. The optimum values of different parameters were determined. Comparisons between two methods, HPLC-MS and fluorescence spectroscopy were also described. The figures of merit for the proposed method were in the ideal range. The developed methods showed a high correlation coefficient (R2= 0.991). According to the results of the fluorescence emission spectroscopy and its comparison with HPLC-MS, the performance and reliability of the proposed method as a simple, efficient, and rapid method with reduction of cost and time for determining acrylamide in potato chip samples were demonstrated.

A new electrochemical detection system was developed based on combination of a biosensor and Fast Fourier transform Admittance Voltammetry (FFTAV), which used for the sensitive detection of acrylamide. By effective self-assembling process, the biosensor was prepared of thiol functionalized single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on gold nanoparticles, which deposited on a gold electrode decorated with polyaniline. The acrylamide has the ability to form a single complex with ssDNAs, which was linked on the biosensor surface, and changed the admittance of the electrode. Therefore, the concentration of acrylamide was detected directly by the change of admittance of the electrode. The biosensor was characterized by Scanning electron microscope-based (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy copy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the linear dynamic range of the acrylamide was 5.0×10-10 M to 2.0×10-7 M (r2 = 0.988) limits of detection of 5.0×10-11 M. The data showed that the electrochemical biosensor could detect acrylamide rapidly and accurately. Moreover, the proposed method demonstrated acceptable sensitivity and long-term stability.