eye phantom

The proton induced prompt gamma spectrum is applied for elemental analysis of irradiation tissues. The main purpose of the analysis in proton therapy is to track oxygen concentration in abnormal tissues. Online monitoring of oxygen concentration over a full course of treatment could provide a direct method for evaluating the response of these tissues to proton therapy and this information on the response of the tumor and healthy tissues to irradiation could then be used by the oncologist to adjust the patient’s treatment plan to ensure proper dose delivery to the tumor. In this study, the prompt gamma spectrum of a human eye phantom is simulated in an HPGe detector using the Geant4 toolkit, and the elemental analysis is accomplished using an artificial neural network (ANN). In the analysis, 33 eye phantoms are considered with different tumors, including different densities and elemental compositions. 21 samples were used as train data in ANN and 6 samples for testing and 6 samples for validation. The results show that there is a good correlation between outputs and targets. They show that the error percent of oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen in test samples are less than 5.8, 12.7, and 25%, respectively. Finally, the potential of quantitative elemental analysis of inhomogeneous targets is confirmed for providing a method to track change in the oxygen level of tumors.

In this research, in order to improve our calculations in treatment planning for proton radiotherapy of ocular melanoma, we improved our human eye phantom planning system in GEANT4 toolkit. Different analytical models have investigated the creating of Spread Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) in the tumor area. Bortfeld’s model is one of the most important analytical methods. Using convolution method, a new analytical model for the creating of SOBP in the eye tumors was introduced. Also, the GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit was implemented for the Bragg peak production in the water and realistic eye phantom. Two different phantoms are proposed to study the effect of defining realistic materials on the proton dose distribution. Moreover, for the clinical investigation, the SOBP curves are figured in the water and eye phantom, using CATANA beam line. For proton pencil beams, the SOBP width for the water and eye phantoms was 0.901 and 0.877 cm, respectively. Bragg peak and SOBP calculations show a good agreement between the results of GEANT4, proposed and Bortfeld models. Using the CATANA beam line, the SOBP width difference between the two water and eye phantoms is 0.11 cm.