اکولوژی

By reviewing human activities during last decades, it seems that inappropriate human activities and changes in the environment caused immense ecological problems and sometimes it is irreparable. Ecosystems in the nature are so various and destruction of one gradually destroys the entire ecosystem and thus will disturb the ecology of the area. The result of this article is: Understanding Mechanisms and Construction Method in Mountainous Regions and Ecosystems, The training of environmental and animal sensitivities, attractiveness and attraction (rivers, lands, soils, etc.) and the energy available in the region to people, gardeners, agricultural technicians, etc., using new and appropriate methods instead of past Old and obsolete methods & The need to remind and show the damage that has been inflicted by people outside the area to the targeted area. Since there have been a few numbers of ecological studies in Qazvin, and even in Iran, and because of diverse animal and plant species and natural, lack of biological resources and abundant internal energy region of Alamout, recognition the species and finally to educate the results of the investigation to people are required.

Our research method is survey and the analysis of research hypotheses test is done by using the deductive method and SPSS software.

Due to these requirements, the study is based on interviews with experts from the Department of Environment, Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center of Qazvin _ and several professors of Imam Khomeini International University and a group of experts and CEOs of cooperatives and even people in order to analyze the importance of Ecological education.

In the following sections, with review these statistics and the results achievement Descriptive and analytical analysis (Independent T-test and Levin, Cronbach's alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Friedman test), in SPSS software it can be concluded that education is one of the key factors in the promotion of ecological knowledge In the rural community.

The city is identified as altered natural environment by excessive changes in nature and increasing presence of manmade structures. Urban green spaces are remnants of nature in this environment and play an important role in ascending the level of life quality in the city. In this study the effects of urban sprawl on quantity of urban green spaces in region 2 of Tehran municipality were studied comparatively in 1989 and 2002 using aerial photos interpretations and geographical information systems (GIS). The studies indicate a considerable decrease in urban green spaces with a more intensity in the northern parts of the region. The sub-region 8th had the greatest amount of decrease among 9 sub-regions and 6th sub-region had the minimum rate of decrease. Two general strategies are concluded from the results of this study: 1) the priority of conservation and support of the existing green and open spaces 2) establishing new green spaces in some parts of the region which benefit less environmental quality.

Sustainable development is a strategy by which communities seek economic development that relates to a strong economy, a clean environment, social equity and engagement of the community in the development processes. This approach enables the creation of healthy communities that can sustain not only current generations but also generations to come. Within the context of the theme of a clean environment, urban parks are an important element of a sustainable city. They provide opportunities for ecology, environmental improvement, active and passive recreation, aesthetic appreciation and a community focus. The city of Tehran, one of the largest cities in the world, with a huge concentration of people and resources, has suffered from many social and environmental problems. The biggest environmental problem currently faces is air pollution: Tehran’s air is among the most polluted in the world. The municipality of Tehran has initiated a number of efforts, such as the establishment of additional public urban green spaces in order to alleviate the increasing environmental problems. However as yet, there is no actual strategy for the development of urban green spaces in Tehran. Data were drawn from in-park survey and out-park survey and personal interviews conducted with users aged 12 and over in four of Tehran’s parks and facilities such as schools, universities, shopping centres, cinemas, mosques and sport centres. The study involved all type of urban parks. This paper explores the most important role of urban public parks in Tehran and the contribution they can make towards a sustainable environment in the city as a metropolis.