جهانی شدن

Economic growth and financial development have brought unfortunate consequences, especially in the field of environment and natural resources, because most of the economic activities are closely related to the environment, and in fact, it can be said that the fate of the environment and the economic growth of societies are dependent on each other. In this study, the effects of globalization, economic growth, and financial development on the ecological footprint in Iran have been investigated.
Material and Quantile regression model was used for this research and for the time period of 1360-1400. This method has gradually become a comprehensive method for statistical analysis of linear and non-linear models of response variables in different fields.
Based on the results; in the first and second (lower) quadrants; Economic globalization, economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, and population density have a positive effect on Iran's ecological footprint, and from the third and fourth quarters onwards, the intensity of its influence on Iran's ecological footprint increases. In other words, the indicators of globalization, economic growth and financial development in the first quarter (Q25) and second quarter (Q50) have a positive temporal correlation with Iran's ecological footprint. Then, as the lag components move away and move towards the third (Q75) and fourth (Q95) quartiles, the correlation between the study indicators and Iran's ecological footprint increases.
Discussion and In Iran, due to the abundance of energy and natural resources, the price of energy is low, which has caused excessive and incorrect use of energy. Granting banking facilities with easy conditions, tax exemptions and such for producers of gas and electric appliances with high energy efficiency and imposing heavy taxes on the other hand, lack of financial support and lack of licensing for producers of energy-intensive appliances with low energy labels, granting customs discounts for Importing gas appliances with high efficiency and not allowing entry or high customs duties for importing gas appliances with low efficiency can be useful in reducing energy consumption and ecological footprint.

Economic development and international trade have led to the formation of a global interdependent economic system, which is becoming a unique international system due to the development of human societies and basic needs in the present era, and in this regard, the international institutions have played a major role. If the business rules are clearer and more predictable, they can, at the same time, meet mutual interests of both energy exporting   In fact, globalization of energy trading has increased the importance of its role in economic relations between countries through the international investment,deregulation ofdomestic markets of countries,and a new connection between the area of energy in different countries and the political economy in the word.The present studydescriptive way,explored internat ional  energy rules as well as energy trade multilateral system and tried to determine whether energy products are different from other products and require certain trade rules.It also examines the obstacles to make regulations in the area of trade energy in wto regarding characteristics of different kinds of energy.

High globalization is one of the environmental argument indices. Environment and its stableness or inconstancy will be effective on country development process and in a bigger scale, on people of the world. In this context and during human history, some theories have been done by philosophers and scholars. Therefore, the study has been done in order to survey of ecological theories and globalization policy approach. The research method is descriptiveanalytic and the sources and articles carried out by Library Studies and tools of note taking. In the present study we investigated the cause of environmental protection. The historical development of theories and theorists in the field of ecological, environmental, policy and globalization were discussed and interpreted.

Since the sixth decade, international affairs has gone through deep changes and evolutions, and in this relation Africa has shown the spirit of independency as a prominent dimension, an issue called the African Renaissance by the African scholars. Also after a decade, a magnificent revolution took place in all the international systems, in which the military mechanisms as a functional device gradually changed their role into economical and strategic mercantilist functions. Therefore the division of the East and West blocks gave their place to the North-South poles in the international systems. As a consequence of the modern economical functions which played their role by the organs and the international financial institutes instead of military and militaristic devices in the international scene, the phenomenon known as globalization emerged from the depth of the capitalistic system based on liberalistic economy. The emergence of this phenomenon in the present era caused a variety of different reactions in the international level by different states. Africa was among such states as it had experienced the bitterness of colonialism and exploitation. Actually Africa showed prompt reaction to the phenomenon of globalization, among which the establishment of different unions can be mentioned. In this research, the author suggests the regionalism approach for protection of the African countries in the field of globalization, which is a suitable path for the southern and the third world countries for the purpose of political, economical, commercial and cultural developments. This approach improves and creates appropriate opportunities for both sides at a similar level, while it also paves the way for regional and ultra-regional integration. Through such integration, the southern countries can change their position from absolute attachment and dependency towards the northern countries in the form of reciprocal dependency and attachment.