حداقل مربعات جزئی (pls)

Todays, tourism is one of the significant components of economic and social development in many regions in the world. Despite of high diversity of natural and cultural resources, Iran doesn’t find its real rule in indoor and inbound tourism. Sepidan County in Fars province is not excluded from this fact. Therefore, the present study conducted to investigate the human factors affecting tourism in this city.

In this research, affective human internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) on tourism in this region were provided on the basis of framework of SWOT method. These affective factors were questioned from experts in Likert scale. These answers were analyzed by structural equation modeling- partial least square (SEM- PLS) to survey rule of opportunities and threats on strengths and weaknesses of tourism.

In according to results, 50 percent of changes in strengths were determined by other factors and 30 percent of tourism weaknesses by opportunities and threats. In the model, rule of external opportunities factor on internal strength factor was positive and significance (p < 0.01), also the effect of external threats factor on internal weaknesses factor was positive and significance (p < 0.05) and there weren’t significant path between other factors in this model.

Tourism in studied area according to the significant effects of external factors on internal factors is in aggressive and defensive positions. Using the new statistical methods like Partial least squares (PLS)‎ helps to determine strategies for the future and guide direction of management actions with more evidence.

Today, with the entry of Persian squirrel species by humans into the foothills of Alborz mountain range, especially Qazvin and Alborz provinces, it has caused damage to the environment and local communities. The aim of this study was to provide a structural model of attitudes of gardeners damaged by the infestation of Persian Squirrels in Qazvin and Alborz provinces for efficient management and control of squirrel invasion in the region.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, it is of survey type. In this study, a questionnaire was used in Alborz and Qazvin provinces. Validity of the questionnaire from three methods; Convergent validity, Factor Analysis and Divergent validity was used; And for the reliability of the questionnaire in two methods; Cronbach's alpha and sequential theta were used and the questionnaire was reviewed and validated; The statistical population of gardeners is damaged; Its size was estimated based on the Cochran's formula of 392 people. Then the structural equation model with partial least squares method was used to estimate the Unknown parameters of the model used.

Research findings showed, the degree of agreement with control strategies, Knowledge about squirrels and ethical considerations are the most important determinants of a reliable level 99% P≤0.01 Respectively with effect coefficients 0.330, 0.256, -0.258 has a Meaningful effect on attitudes damaged gardeners. our other findings showed that the damage factor as an independent external factor added to the model had the most significant effect on the 99% confidence level of P P≤0.01 on the attitude of ethical considerations, beliefs, squirrel control feasibility and agreement with control strategies; There is with effect coefficients -0.236, -0.172, -0.175, 0.244.

The results of the study indicate that increasing knowledge and awareness about the effects and harms of squirrel invasion in the region is the main factor in increasing public support for control management or eradication of invasive squirrels.