mapping

Today, climate adaptation strategies are at the forefront in wildlife management and protection studies. This study aimed to model and map the effects of global climate change on the Andean bear, which is in the vulnerable category and distributed in South America. For this purpose, 20 environmental variables and 19 high-resolution Chelsa climate maps that could be effective on Andean bear modeling were created. Moreover, the Maximum Entropy method, which is frequently preferred in species distribution modeling, was preferred. The current habitat suitability model of the Andean bear was in the “very good” model category with the training data set ROC value of 0.973 and the test data set ROC value of 0.972. The variables contributing to the current model are roughness index (41.1%), isothermality (38%), elevation (14%), and annual mean temperature (6.9%), respectively. Variables contributing to the current Andean bear model have been simulated in different scenarios (SSP126/SSP370/SSP585) for the year 2100. However, it has been determined that Andean bear habitats will shrink according to the SSP126 Chelsa climate scenario of the year 2100, these habitats will fragment according to the SSP370 scenario, and brown bear habitats will disappear in some regions in the SSP585 scenario. In conclusion, this study raises alarms that the possible decrease in Andean bear habitats will be approximately 67.3% by the year 2100 due to global climate change.

Forest wildfires cover vast territories of mountainous Siberia. As a result, the appearance of the landscape changes completely, as well as the properties of its components. The paper considers the impact of wildfires on the components of the mountain-taiga geosystems of the Primorskii Range, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Baikal. This is the driest area in the Baikal region, with Goletz and mountain-taiga landscapes, coupled with steppe areas. Wildfires regularly occur during hot and dry periods in all zones of the range, especially since 2015. We made landscape descriptions of the territory of the key site and compiled a map of the landscape structure with conflagration fires overlapped with partially and, optionally, completely burnt-out areas. The vegetation cover has suffered the most, and the characteristics of the hydrological regime and the properties of soils have changed. The vegetation is at the initial stage of recovery, and only a few species can be found in the herbaceous-subshrub cover. The characteristics of the water regime, primarily the temperature on the pyrogenically disturbed catchments, undergo significant changes. The mode of mineralization of streams is unstable, and the amplitudes of water level fluctuations are higher due to the destruction of the natural underlying surface of the catchment. The chemical composition of water in streams after wildfires is generally preserved. Although, an increase in the concentration of nitrates and hydrocarbons is possibly due to fires. Pyrogenic destruction of forest ecosystems inevitably leads to the degradation of mountain soils, which are restored over many decades. After fires in soils, acidity and, consequently, the content of organic matter decreases due to their mineralization.