multiple protection types

Mangrove forests are considered one of the most productive components of coastal food chains and a source of energy supply. They provide various goods and services with ecological, economic, socio-cultural, and aesthetic benefits to meet society's needs. However, mangrove forests are considered one of the most sensitive and vulnerable habitats in the face of environmental hazards and human pressures. Accordingly, the study investigated the natural features of the Khamir and Qeshm mangrove forests and management boundaries in this area. According to previous studies, it cannot be limited to administrative borders and country divisions to protect and plan this natural habitat according to its conservation history. Instead, it should be protected and managed by considering the biological border and the distribution of mangrove forest cover in this area. Therefore, multifaceted conservation management of the country's unique mangrove habitat requires that its ecosystem services be planned in the framework of a management plan based on habitat zoning. In addition, the development of human activities in this area should be planned within management and protection limits.