oil

The main purpose of this paper is a dynamic analysis of oil and gas exports and sales income in 2050. A dynamic system is needed to forecast the export and sales of oil in the future, which requires considering the cause-and-effect relationships between the variables affecting the main research problem.

This paper is applied in terms of purpose, which uses dynamic system modeling to create the model.

Two positive causal loops of oil and gas sales growth and oil and gas field capacity utilization growth, and three negative causal loops of capacity limitations in oil and gas fields, limitations in oil and gas field capacity utilization, and the third was created with the limitation of access to oil resources. Also, three optimistic, moderate, and pessimistic scenarios were simulated in the dynamic system model. In the first scenario, the simulation was performed based on the changes in the oil price parameter in the future. In this scenario, oil and gas exports grew by 38%. In the second scenario, the income from exports showed an eight-fold growth optimistically. Finally, in the pessimistic scenario, the graphs showed that the values of the state variables remained constant. Finally, the validation was done using the analysis of different scenarios for the dynamic system model.

Originality/Value:

 In this paper, in addition to the dynamic analysis of the factors influencing oil and gas industry variables, the time effects of these changes have also been considered. Previous studies have only used economic development variables to predict the future of the oil and gas industry. In this paper, the values of other variables, such as production capacity, existing reservoirs, and market risk, are considered as the main variables in the dynamic model for scenarios in the time horizon of 2050.

The economy consists of several sections, and the performance of each sector plays a private part in the progress of the economy. The oil and gas sector, as one of the economic sectors in Iran, plays an important and undeniable role due to the main source of government revenue. Therefore, checking the performance of this sector can be important for the economic development of the country. The study of total factor productivity is one of the ways to examine the performance of sectors, which indicates the optimal growth of the economy of that sector. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of Technology Spillover and Research and Development (R&D) on growth of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of the oil and gas sector in Iran for the period (1394-1394). Important factors of Technology Spillover include Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and imports of capital goods and intermediates. Accumulation internal Research and Development (R&D) and human capital also are considered as internal impact factors. The results proved that foreign direct investment, and the imports of capital goods, and intermediates as important channels of technology spillover have a positive influence on growth of total factor productivity (TFP) of the oil and gas sector in Iran. The results also highlight a positive impact of human capital. By contrast, results of our estimation show a negative impact of R&D on growth of total factor productivity (TFP) of the oil and gas sector in Iran.