جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قزوین » در نشریات گروه « عمران »

Geospatial Information Systems has developed their applications in varioua area of science. The reason for this development is that Geospatial Information Systems are based on spatial data while nowadays spatila data is a major porion of information. One of the areas of wide use of Geospatila Information Systenms is Transportation and Traffic. It is obvious that Transportation and Traffic is dependent on Geospatial Information. In this paper the public multi-modal transportation in the city is studied. In cities, people may use private vehicles (such as automobile or motorbike) or public vehicles (such as bus, subway, etc). The city managers always aim to engage people to use public transportation system because extensive use of private vehicles can lead to various problems such as air pollution, noise, increasing fule consumption etc. Public transport only runs on a certain route and so many travels within the city needs use of more than one public vehicle. Thus, a traveler in a city may be obliged to use several and probably dissimailar public vehicles. He/she may also traverse a short path on his/her feet. In this situation we are facing a multi-modal transportation problem on a spation framework which can be solve by multiple methods considering various criteria. Such a problem has a good research background. However, in Iran, especially in Qavin city (the case of this study) such a system does not exist.

In this study the agen-based modeling is applied to simulate the travels of people in the city by public transportation system. The environment is the map of street network of Qazvin city which the routes of public transportation system have layed on it. The public transportation system in Qazvin city includes taxies and buses plus telephon taxi agencies. In this mode, the agents play the role of the travellers who travel from a specific point to another specific point in the city and have various options of using transportation system. The agent is able to use all of the options of travel and calculate the duration and the cost of each one to determine the mos desirable option.

The results revealed that public transportation system of Qazvin city have various desirability in its various routes. Thus, it is etter to estimate the desirailty of each route separately. However, generally speaking, we can argue that in the short travels, taxi is a good option, in mean travels the bus is affordable and for long travels using telephone taxies may be convinving. Nowadays, internet taxies are widely used. Internet taxies may be considered similar to telephone taxies. The difference between internet taxies and telephone taxis is that internet taxies are usually more abundant and also chepaer than telephone taxies.

Deployment of agent-based model as a simulator model creates a lot of power to analyze the problems of transportation system and traffic. This study proved this claim. The results of this study provide a general view of the cost and speed of public transportation system of Qazvin city while any traveller may have his/her specific idea. For instance, some people may choose the bus for their travel because of their own economical or security reasons. Nevertheless, the model developed in this study is able to evaluate the desirability of each travel based on not only cost and time but based on the other citeria if the data is available. Therefore, the power of the model is revealed when it is implemented on a public online or mobile application.

The occurrence of crime in society causes insecurity and chaos in people's lives, imposes extensive material and spiritual costs on society, and diverts a lot of time, money, and energy from the country's security agents. Spatial investigation of a crime in the past and predicting the likelihood of its occurrence in the future, or in other words, determining the spatial centers of crime, can help manage crime prevention better or deal with it effectively. Unfortunately, measuring a crisis center is a complex issue. In this regard, many statistical methods can be used to identify crisis hotspots, including cluster analysis. In the present study, for the proper efficiency of such analyzes, with a combined approach of spatial information systems and K-means clustering, the spatial distribution of crime in Qazvin (as a case study) is investigated. Assist in locating crime centers more accurately. The results showed that this combined approach could model the local centers of crime in Qazvin.

Today, with the increasing urban development, construction waste is a major problem for urban life. The city of Qazvin is no exception to this, and researching an optimum landfill site is an important necessity. The purpose of this research is to optimum site selection areas for landfill of Construction wastes using the geographic information system (GIS) in a boundary area of Qazvin county which taking into account the terms and conditions of organizations such as the Municipality, Waste Management and Environmental Protection Organization. In this study, 16 layers of information including geology, soil type and permeability, Landuse, climate, river distance, distance from protected areas, aspect, etc. in the boundary of Qazvin county were used. After producing the preliminary maps, the sub-criteria of each information layer are classified and evaluated and the values are converted to fuzzy values between zero and one. Then, Fuzzy Hierarchical Process (FAHP) method have been used to determine the absolute weight of each information layer and by integrating and overlapping weighted layers, to the landfill suitability map of construction landfill for Qazvin city is produced. According to the suitability map, sites for landfill were identified in five distinct zones and high-lying areas of the fifth zone (with value 9) were suggested as the best landfill site for a 40-year period. The results showed that northwest of Qazvin due to good soil type, suitable land use, distance from rivers, faults and access to communication road and dry climate could be the most suitable site for landfill.

Building density, as a ratio of the building area (across all floors) to the area of the residential plot, is an important issue in urban planning and land management. Today, due to the scarcity of resources and to reduce urban development costs and provide more desirable and yet economical services, attention has been drawn to population densification and consequently, increased building density. What criteria are effective in determining density and how effective they are, is an important issue that should be considered in determining density. Since several quantitative and qualitative criteria influence density determination, it is necessary to use decision support systems to integrate and combine criteria. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting building density and finally, determine the suitable area for increasing density in Qazvin. In this paper, the AHP, TOPSIS, and VIKOR methods are used for criteria weighting and area prioritization to increase the reliability coefficients. Priority areas with all three methods are Mahdieh, Imamzadeh Hossein, Minoodar, Azadegan, Babaei and Imamzadeh Ali, respectively.

One of the major problems in the Iranian cities is distressed urban areas, which has been caused by population growth and the rapid development of urbanization in recent years; this has led cities to displacement of citizens and consequently displacement of important urban utilities from primary residential areas to new ones. Gradually, the initial housing cores have been in major problems and changes in terms of performance and fabrics which leads to distress and decline in life quality of the citizens. Distressed urban textures is one of the most important issues of urban spaces, which is cause Disorganization, imbalance, lack of proportion and disproportion witch is classified into two categories, relative distressed (fabric or performance) and complete distressed (fabric and performance). The subject of restructuring urban decay is one of important subjects in developing urban frameworks. According to studies, 20 percent of urban areas located in urban decays, and 30 percent of the urban population are living in urban decay Therefore, renovation, rehabilitation and repair of these textures along with new ones is one of the important concerns of urban managers. This research tries to improve gentrification in Iran by providing a spatial model, Therefore the Qazvin city has been studied as one of the most important and historic cities in Iran. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and all of the functional and physical standards affecting urban distressing are identified and defined based on library studies, documentation and field observation. Then, by considering the ANP and Topsis models and validating them, the most appropriate method for determining the significance of the criteria is introduced as well as the combination of multi-criteria decision making models with Geographic Information System (GIS) and fuzzy logic has been used to identify and grade distressed neighborhoods in Qazvin.
The results of the research indicate that the social and economic factors (functional) of residents in urban neighborhoods have a significant impact on the structure and erosion of the neighborhoods, so that the final distressed texture map of the model`s output shows us that In contrast to the distressed texture map in 1387 and 1389, by using three indicators of Microhardness, impenetrability and instability, about only 14 percent of Qazvin city is estimated distressed (504 hectares), by considering 22 functional and physical indicators In this study, the identified area of distressed texture was 1564 hectares in the form of 27 neighborhoods, in the other words 42.8 percent of ​​ Qazvin`s area (3647 hectares) which all these studies indicates low quality of life in about half of the city of Qazvin.

Developing the scenarios for planning urban expansion is vitally important for urban planners especially because of its effects on land-use and improvement of land-use politics. However, urban expansion as a continuous and contiguous phenomenon is itself under the effect of human decisions and so uncertainty. Thus, in this research by using fuzzy logic, we tried to model the vagueness of urban expansion. Moreover, to determine the weights of fuzzy rules independent from the idea of experts, genetic algorithms was used to find the best values.
In this research by taking three criteria, namely land-value, accessibility and attractiveness, which are three pillars of sustainable development, a fuzzy-cellular automata model was developed to simulate the physical urban development in Qazvin area, Iran. After that, by setting the model parameters between years 2005 and 2010, the best results for 2010 were achieved. This model attained to the accuracy of 94.31% based on Cappa Index and 55.28% based on Figure of merit which is certainly better than previous researches on this area of study. Therefor using the calibrated model, urban development of year 2015 was simulated. For that year Cappa Index calculated as 88.73% and Figure of merit calculated equal to 39.05%. These results show the high performance of this model in the area of urban land use development. Thus combining cellular automata, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm seems to be successful in simulating geographic phenomena.

In this paper by using the aggregate socioeconomic features of each zone and considering the land use prosperities, the aggregate zonal tours were modeled. For that, classic 4-step modeling database was utilized in which less data collection cost needs. Due heteroscedasticity , appling weighted least square (WLS) method led to multiple weighted regressions by two exogenous independent variables; population and number of employers in zone. Heteroscedasticity affect the efficiency of regression. In comparing of two model, the F test of WLS method growth 27 percent and the amount t students for population reduced from 2.79 to 2.27 that in negligible. On the other hand, the amount of t students for number of employers increases from 2.62 to 3.40 (30 percent). Constant coefficient is negative but in comparison with the maximum number of observed tours (7202 tours) is 0.069 percent and the average number of observed tours (1386 tours) is 0.36 percent that is negligible and the R2 goodness of fit index is 0.927 and acceptable.