modeling

Most of the noise pollution in big cities is related to traffic, and the construction of highways and traffic flow with high volume and speed creates problems for the nearby residents. Calculating the amount of noise pollution through modeling makes it possible to reduce the effects of noise pollution in the design of highways and surrounding uses. This research, which was conducted on the Hashemi Rafsanjani highway (Misthaq) in Mashhad, by measuring the volume of sound, traffic information, weather information and surrounding uses, using the American federal highway management model (FHWA) with TNM 2.5 software models the emission of noise pollution and compares the obtained results with the measurements made through statistical analysis. The following steps were implemented for this research: 1- collecting information about the volume and speed of traffic, 2- collecting information and characteristics related to the road such as road width, road type, surrounding land use map, green space around the highway, height and density of buildings around the highway, meteorological information such as temperature and humidity, 4- determining sensitive points around the area in terms of noise pollution, such as residential, medical, educational centers, etc., and measuring sound in sensitive points as sound receptors, 5- modeling by TNM 2.5 software, AutoCAD map or GIS layers for the scope of the project should be prepared and converted to DXF format, 6- statistical analysis and comparison of the results obtained through the model and measurements and comparison with the standards, and 7- testing the hypotheses through SPSS statistical software and analyzing the results in the Excel environment. The estimated results of the FHWA model were very close to the observed values (The highest value is 85 db and the lowest value is 55 db), therefore, according to the results of this model, it is reasonably accurate for predicting noise pollution, and the average difference of the Leq values ​​calculated with the measured values ​​is ±3.5 dB. The regression coefficient between the measured values ​​and the values ​​calculated by the model was reported as 0.685. The amount of difference of the predicted values ​​is relatively high only in three stations 1, 7 and 24 and is equal to 14.8, 10.7 and 10.7 dB respectively. In examining the cause of this issue, it can be stated that two stations 1 and 7 are located in a position where, in addition to the sound they receive from the studied highway, they are affected by the traffic of vehicles on other routes near them and receive sound. In the study area, due to the fact that the majority of uses are residential, which is considered as a sensitive area, all measured values ​​in the stations were higher than the standard of the Environmental Protection Organization (55 db). The lowest recorded sound is related to station number 36 with a level of 55.4 dB. This station is located inside the barren lands and is connected to the agricultural lands located between Amirieh and Esmatiye boulevards. The average amount of noise pollution in all stations is 74. The highest sound value is related to station number 24 and is equal to 85.1 dB, which is located at the beginning of Hashemi Street 45 and the dominant use around it is residential. Due to the large number of vehicles, including cars, heavy vehicles, buses, semi-heavy and motorcycles, all areas show high noise pollution that can endanger the health of citizens. The effect of car type was investigated by Pearson's test, and there was the highest correlation between motorcycles and noise pollution, as the number of motorcycles increased, the value of the two noise indices LAeq and LAFmn increased with correlation coefficients of 83% and 84%. In this regard, it is necessary to take necessary measures such as replacing with new electric motorcycles. Allocation of land around highways to sensitive uses, including medical and educational centers, has not been approved, and the effects of noise pollution can be reduced through appropriate planning. There are several solutions to reduce the effects of noise pollution, based on priority, it is possible to correctly locate the uses, consider the distance between highways and sensitive uses, assign this distance to uses such as linear green space, footpaths and bicycles, the creation of barriers that reduce sound waves such as embankment, trees and finally the last priority of using technical equipment such as acoustic wall.

In this study, a model for pricing taxi services is presented with the goal of making the model fair and transparent in a way that reflects the value of the services the taxi provides to the customers while also taking into account various factors that influence the cost of the services. The major pricing strategy in this model bases the taxi fee on the distance covered during the journey. Additionally, the duration of the trip is taken into account because some people may choose a longer journey others may the length of the trip can be longer than normal because of the traffic. The hourly rate of time is taken into account to account for this anomaly. By dividing the hourly rate of travel time by the additional cost, the duration of the journey is determined based on the conditions anticipated by the model. Different pricing strategies are utilized for various hours and designated time periods to control the demand. Price discrimination is the foundation of this tactic. By managing demand, it makes cabs available even during rush hour. In order to accurately and fairly compute the cost based on the real time and distance traveled, the pricing model developed in this research takes into account all the aspects impacting the service for four different modes of operation. Comparing the predicted costs using the research's methodology reveals that practically current fares are unprofitable.

One of the key elements to achieve economic growth and development of the country is financial stability. According to the empirical evidence in recent years and the intertwining of the financial system and the economic development of countries, high economic growth cannot be considered, but it was not successful in the financial markets. Therefore, considering the importance of the combined index of financial and economic stability in the economic growth and development of the country and especially the road transport sector, in this study the role of the combined index of financial and economic stability in the road transport sector of the country during the period of 1370-1401 has been examined. In the first step, the combined index of financial and economic stability was calculated with the help of the cumulative distribution function method, and then to investigate the effects of the combined indicators of financial and economic stability on the road transport sector, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was used to achieve the research findings. The results show that both in the short term and in the long term, the combined index of financial and economic stability has a positive effect on the added value of the road transport sector. The short-term and long-term elasticity of added value of the road transport sector is 0.074 and 0.153 respectively, which shows that its long-term elasticity is more than the short-term elasticity. Also, the results of the stability and diagnosis tests show that the coefficients of the variables are stable in the long term..

The interaction of the foundation of the seismic table with the soil is effective on its functional accuracy and it affects the accuracy of the results of the tests on the table. To identify this behavior, it is necessary to know the dynamic parameters of this vibration system, and in this regard, the use of experimental studies has been recognized as a suitable solution. By using this method, the uncertainties in the performance of the seismic table are reduced due to the interactions mentioned in this vibration system during operation. In this research, a forced vibration test was carried out on the 6 degrees of freedom shaking table of the International Institute of In this test, data collection of the vibrations transmitted to the surrounding environment of the foundation was also done, and using the results, how the vibrations were transmitted from the table to the surrounding environment was evaluated. Also, the data recorded on the foundation was used to identify the dynamic parameters of the soil system and foundation has been used, based on the results of this research, the range of vibrations transmitted from the foundation to the surrounding environment decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the edge of the foundation.

in this research, by using regression modeling, based on observations of the dependent variable questionnaire, namely, measuring the quality of sustainable transport features in different neighborhoods (in 12 designated neighborhoods) dependent on the independent variables associated with the transport system and land use size The results of the model showed that among the 10 independent variables independent variables related to the network and system Such as: 1. The status of the pedestrian network in terms of the quality of the walls and the attractive design for pedestrians, 2. pedestrian safety for traffic, 3. the status of cycling and the quality of its use have a meaningful level (sig <0.05) and Independent variables are also related to applications such as: 1. Construction intensity and density, and 2. The existence of complex and integrated applications in the model. Considering the negative and positive coefficients of t and B tests, it can be concluded that people in the area of the network and the transportation system are not satisfied with the inappropriate conditions of pedestrian traffic, inappropriate traffic safety and lack of proper cycling, but in the area User (density and mixed usage), according to the context of the neighborhoods, have a satisfactory level of satisfaction. Therefore, in order to develop more sustainable transport, more needs to be done on the development of three variables related to the network and the quality of the transportation system. Had

Building information modeling is a digital representation of a building or infrastructure that helps architects, engineers, and construction professionals design, plan, and manage construction projects more efficiently. There is a need to integrate building information modeling techniques in construction projects to increase the efficiency of the project, in the meantime, different technologies can be used to improve the efficiency, therefore, in this research, the scanning technique for modeling is investigated. The building information is in the projects under construction. In the meantime, the qualitative part of the research, which includes studies and extraction of effective factors from previous related research, has been started, which has been completed by confirming and screening the factors using the fuzzy Delphi method and focusing on the opinion of experts in two phases. In order to calculate the adequacy of the size of the statistical population, the sphericity-Bartlett test was used and the results obtained were confirmed by experts. Based on the standard coefficients, the index of data processing collected with a coefficient of 0.94, the index of data collection with a coefficient of 0.86, the index of choosing the optimal laser scan with a coefficient of 0.79, the index of using data in modeling with a coefficient of 0.68, Results checking index with a coefficient of 0.64 and quality inspection index with a coefficient of 0.59 can be prioritized. By using factors such as preparation of a preliminary map in order to manage encounters in the process of data collection and display them in the form of geographic information system maps, and to monitor the dimensions and components of the project It is provided to design and implement the building with higher efficiency.

In this study, the bond strength between rebar and high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC) containing the combination of three types of steel fibers (1% and 2%), polypropylene and polyvinyl alcohol (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) has been investigated at the temperature of the laboratory, 400 and 600 °C. For this purpose, at first, 19 specimens were constructed and evaluated for compressive strength testing under the mentioned temperatures, as the silica fume was considered 20% by weight of cement. Among the constructed HPFRCC, four superior mix designs were selected for investigating the bond strength between rebar and HPFRCC using pullout test. The results showed that the bond strength between rebar and HPFRCC samples containing 2% steel fibers with PP fiber in such a way that increasing the temperature up to 400 °C, decreased about 38%. while this reduction rate for the samples containing PVA fibers is about 26%, and this means that PVA fibers have a better performance than PP fibers in term of the bond between concrete and rebar when exposed to high temperatures. By increasing the temperature up to 600°c, the bond strength of rebar and HPFRCC continues to decrease until this drop is about 64% for selected samples containing fibers (2% steel and 3% PP) at the laboratory temperature (i.e., 23°c). The reduction for the HPFRCC sample containing 2% steel and 2% PVA fibers is calculated by 62%. The results of this study and the literatures indicated the effect of different parameters on the bond strength, so for further investigation, the bond strength modelled using artificial intelligence models. The results of rebar bond strength modeling in HPFRCC showed that the performance of the adaptive multivariate regression splines based on error statistical criteria was more accurate than the artificial neural network.

The high statistics of accidents compared to the population and vehicle ownership index in Iran has put reducing the number of accidents more than ever before on the agenda of road engineers. Speed is one of the most effective factors in causing accidents. One of the physical tools for controlling the speed of vehicles is the use of speed bumps and humps in the streets. This study examines the effect of proper implementation of speed humps on reducing the speed of vehicles, as well as reducing the number of accidents. To this end, the speed of vehicles before and after installing 64 speed humps in areas 2 and 10 of Mashhad was recorded through field research. In addition, the physical specifications of speed bumps, such as width, height, distance from intersections, number of lanes on the streets, and distance from warning signs to speed bumps, were measured. Then, using statistical analyses, the effectiveness of each of these parameters in reducing vehicle speed was evaluated. Furthermore, based on the accident statistics of the targeted streets, data before and after installing speed bumps were analyzed using SPSS software and regression analysis. After conducting the initial analysis, it was found that none of the linear regression models were suitable for predicting the accidents. Therefore, the data were analyzed using a nonlinear multiple regression model (R^2=0.87). The results of the analysis showed that the use of speed bumps can have a significant impact on reducing accidents in streets and intersections, provided that proper safety measures are taken into account in their design and installation. In fact, speed bumps can lead to a reduction of approximately 17% in accidents.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between driver locus of control and risky behaviors, as well as traffic violations and accidents. Participants in this study were 289 male and 116 female drivers who completed a form including the newly developed Iranian Driver Traffic locus of Control Questionnaire (TLOC-IR), Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ), and items related to drivers’ driving records and demographics. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that most components of the locus of control, except for the sub-section of religious factors and other drivers, have a significant relationship with driving behavior. According to the results of this study, the internal locus of control has a negative relationship with various types of violations and driving errors, and on the other hand, the components of the external locus of control, including luck and destiny, have a positive relationship with more risky driving behavior and accidents. These findings indicate that locus of control is an effective variable in predicting the behavior of Iranian drivers and can be used to determine effective strategies to reduce high-risk driving. According to the results of this study, drivers with internal locus of control show safer behaviors than drivers with external locus of control; Therefore, strengthening the internal locus of control in drivers can lead to safer driving behaviors.

Considering its key effect on the welfare and health of society, water plays a crucial role in the growth of communities and is one of the most important natural resources. In recent years, the problem of scarcity of water resources has been exacerbated by the growing population worldwide and increased competition for access to water resources, which leads to increased costs of water use. Therefore, the use of this vital resource requires proper management. The present study was entitled Predicting and Modeling the Urban Water Consumption Pattern in Tabriz to Investigate and Analyze the Urban Water Consumption Pattern Using Geographic Information System (GIS).

Given the special situation of Iran in terms of tectonics, it can be claimed that all faults in the country are seismic. Every year, financial and human losses and losses occur, especially in rural areas due to earthquakes. Today, interferometry synthetic aperture radar technology with various capabilities and products in the field of phase and amplitude has become a powerful tool for monitoring movements. Satellite imagery for two-pass (ascending and descending) capture can provide different information about faults. In this paper, seismic fault parameters are estimated by solving the inverse problem with surface displacement field boundary values ​​obtained from InSAR observations. The study of active fault parameters to identify earthquakes and improve their predictability is a topic of interest for geologists. For this purpose, a pair of Sentinel-1 radar images before and after the earthquake have been studied as images of the study area. As the results show, the maximum amount of ground displacement was 19 cm up and 8 cm down. To obtain the fault geometry and slip distribution on the fault plane, these components have been inverted using the genetic algorithm optimization method and the Acada ​​elastic half-space analysis model. The inverse modeling method showed that InSAR is a useful method for estimating the amount of ground displacement due to an earthquake and also determining the parameters of the fault causing the earthquake. Also, there is 1 and 3 cm uncertainty for two observed and modeled data, respectively. This indicates a better accuracy of descending geometry.

 One of the main public needs of people in all societies is public health. Identifying pathogenic agents and how they are transmitted and distributed in the environment is one of the management methods in providing the health needs of communities [1]. Studying the distribution of diseases is important for two reasons. First, these studies can be a way to find the causes of diseases, and second, the geographical distribution of diseases can be an indicator of how people and human groups interact with the environment [6]. Therefore, it is necessary to design a system for data management in order to control and care for infectious diseases. The spatial information system with the possibility of using satellite information is a new and cost-effective method in line with this need, which in the long run will compensate the initial investment by reducing the costs of data collection and disease control, and in addition, the way to use these facilities in information management systems. and provides care for other diseases. Because health and illness always have a spatial dimension [8]. Identifying and displaying spatial patterns plays an important role in establishing health policies. For many, spatial data analysis is the same as map production. The use of disease distribution maps for epidemiological purposes has a long history. The first step in the design of spatial information systems in Hamadan city is to examine the human location and the potential and actual information sources of the infectious disease care system. The main purpose of using the spatial information system is to strengthen and support the care and management system of infectious diseases and create the ability to analyze the spatial information and then make timely decisions [9].

 The studied area:

This research was implemented in Hamadan city. Demographic information was prepared from the demographic information related to the census of 2015 in Hamedan city, and to obtain information on infectious diseases, it was extracted from the classified information set of patients in Bo Ali Sina University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan city. Specific results of this research are presented in several sections.

 The information needed in this research is collected by using library studies, checking similar domestic and foreign research records, collecting descriptive information by questioning and studying the documents available in libraries, as well as field research. In this research, in order to develop the methodology and processes for investigating the distribution of diseases, as well as the effect of interactive GIS systems on the control and management of diseases, two series of analysis and evaluation are carried out. descriptive test and inferential test; Therefore, in order to implement the stage of identifying the distribution of diseases during a 5-year period in Hamedan city, first all the necessary data of the health centers and Boali University of Medical Sciences of Hamedan are prepared and collected, after verifying the information based on statistical methods and performing the Smirnov test. Kolmogorov, data distribution is examined. After that, the distribution of the obtained data is checked with the T-statistics test. Finally, after performing the descriptive test, this information is categorized and then analyzed based on the characteristics of the diseases and their time period, the results of these analyzes are shown in the form of tables and evaluation charts. In the spatial statistics test, in order to evaluate spatial systems on the control and management of diseases in a 5-year period, first, spatial information based on the location of the residence of each case, longitude and latitude related to the residence of each patient for the spatial analysis of the disease was obtained and in a database stored and then classified based on the main diseases. In this regard, after checking the accuracy of the entered data, secondary analysis is defined based on the main charts and tables. By examining the location of sick people in the geographic information system (GIS) and entering the information and characteristics of patients in this system, important information such as the distribution of the disease, examination of the produced clusters, geographical effects on the disease, the speed of spread and transmission of the disease can be obtained. For spatial analysis, Moran's spatial autocorrelation method and Pearson's statistical test are used to estimate the correlation of diseases with spatial characteristics in the GIS environment. It is also possible to implement a suitable system process framework in order to model the distribution of different diseases outside of the current research based on the mechanism of the spatial information system and satellite images in the control and management of diseases in any region. This framework includes types of diseases and time-spatial distribution patterns that cause and effect relationships between entities will be presented in the form of a block diagram.

Implementation:

 The purpose of this study is to prepare a map of the spatial and temporal clusters of infectious diseases, to investigate the factors affecting the disease and their impact, and finally to find a method to model the prevalence of the disease, this model can help disease management and control programs. All information and documents related to the causes of the disease were extracted by study and evaluation. In this regard, it is necessary to perform processing related to the model on descriptive items with the same spatial unit; Therefore, the required spatial unit was considered for all factors. In order to model the diseases using the moving average model, first the zoning map of Hamedan city was prepared using the number of infected patients in each region. Then, using the moving average model and using the Raster Calculator computing space in ArcGIS software, the final disease distribution model was produced.

Today, ground transportation systems are facing a major challenge which has come to be known as traffic congestion. Since traffic and congestion are complex and dynamic phenomena, it is difficult and sometimes impossible to apply conventional mathematical models on them. Thus agent-based technologies with high compatibility with the afore-mentioned characteristics can be used to model the phenomenon of congestion and detect effective congestion mitigation/aggravation parameters. Considering the role of bus rapid transit in the transportation of passengers, mitigation of congestion and reduction of passenger waiting time and travel time are among the objectives of the present study. Therefore, agent-based simulation of the movement of bus rapid transit (BRT) fleets is used to achieve the afore-mentioned goal. In the present study, NetLogo is used to code the model and run the simulation. Three different scenarios were taken into account in this study. Change of effective factors in each of the three scenarios led to significant improvements in the BRT performance analysis results. Finally, after general analysis and comparison of different scenarios, results and suggestions were presented to improve the performance of BRT fleets. In the attempt to achieve the goals (i.e. reduction of passenger waiting time at stations and reduction of travel time), the bridge scenario was found to be more suitable and effective than the smart light and status quo scenarios.

In this research, a truss model is introduced to simulate the in-plane behavior of masonry walls in different failure modes. In the proposed model, the structural members are divided into smaller two-dimensional panels and then a truss system is used to model each panel. How to determine the geometry, dimensions and behavioral model of these truss elements are introduced according to the behavioral mechanism and failure modes of the masonry wall. The dimensions of the truss members are determined in such a way that the stiffness of the truss model is the same as the stiffness of the initial panel, under different loads. In this regard, the computational method introduced by Aghababaei is used. The elasto-plastic-fracture model developed at the University of Tokyo is used for compressive behavior of elements. Barimani et al. evaluated and verified the accuracy of this model. Also for tensile and post cracking behavior of masonry, the tension softening model of Maekawa et al. is used. In order to apply the effects of cracking on the compressive behavior of the diagonal elements, a softening model dependent on the crack width is introduced. The idea used is generally based on the smeared crack approach. In this model, after identifying the pair of each diagonal element and as soon as a crack occurs in one diagonal element, the behavior of the other diagonal element is modified by multiplying the force values ​​in a proposed function. Then, the results of the analysis are evaluated based on ASCE41 code in different failure modes. Also, for verification, two I-shaped masonry walls, three masonry walls with rectangular cross-section and an arched walls are numerically analyzed using the proposed model and the results of numerical and experimental tests are compared. The results show that the proposed model, while simple, has a good ability to estimate the nonlinear behavior of masonry wall.

Currently tons of dye produced per year, about the one sixth tons are converted into wastewater in various industries such as textiles and dyeing, which are among the toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic wastes due to the presence of aromatic rings in their structure. This issue has attracted a lot of attention to the purification of such compounds. Ozone is one of the strong oxidizers which produces non-toxic compounds due to its decomposition. Ozone can convert many organic materials into simpler compounds through both direct and indirect oxidation mechanisms, including degradation of wastewater that contains double bonds components such as aromatic compounds and dyes. The purpose of this study was to investigate modeling, optimization and the interactions between parameters affecting the ozonation process in removal of Acid Orange 7 in order to achieve the highest removal efficiency for the highest possible initial dye concentration under the lowest ozone injection rate, no change in initial wastewater pH and the shortest reaction time by the use of response surface method. The RSM was performed using 4 parameters pH, initial dye concentration, ozone injection rate and time with 5 levels which ends up in 30 experimental tests. The results showed that correlation coefficients and adjusted correlation coefficients were 96.85 and 94.92, respectively, and p-value for model (less than 0.0001) and lack of fit (0.0507) were obtained as significant and non-significant, respectively. These results indicate the consistency and high reliability of the modeling results. Normal error, error independence and variance stability control were also checked which showed that the closeness between the actual and predicted values and the uniform distribution of the results obtained on the normal line indicates the uniform distribution of the error. The results and predictions of the software, the random distribution and distribution of the results indicate the suitability of the assumption considered by the software regarding the stability of the variance. Based on variance stability control, the effect of the experiments on the responses provided by the software. If one of the experiments is outside the range, this experiment will have a negative impact on the overall results of the software. In the case of experiments performed, this control was also well performed. Based on model equation the most important parameters are the injection rate of ozone (Q(O3)), pH, reaction time (T) and initial dye concentration [Dye], respectively, in which all parameters except the initial dye concentration have a positive effect on dye removal efficiency. After the related tests the optimum condition were the initial dye concentration of 480 mg/L, pH of 7.7, ozonation rate of 0.6 L/min and ozonation duration of 60 min which resulted in 90% dye removal efficiency. It was also found that the most effective factors were injectable ozone rate, time, pH, and dye concentration, respectively. The results showed that determining the appropriate domains can be of great importance in achieving the desired results from the response surface method. Also, the ozonation process is able to purify the dye from high initial concentrations to high removal efficiency, indicating the high strength of this applied process in the decomposition of complex organic compounds. Ozonation kinetic rate is based on pseudo first order which was increased from 0.3 to 0.6 by enhancing injected ozone rate from 0.2 to 0.6 L/min respectively and further increase of ozone injection rate didn’t had any effect on its kinetic rate.

The Management and Planning Organization is responsible for classifying of contractors and uses criteria to assess the ability and competence of contractors. One of the factors evaluating the productivity of a project is time and the impact of the contractor's performance on this index is undeniable. In this study, a model for ranking contractors with the approach of reduction in delays in construction projects is presented. In this model, in addition to the criteria of the Regulations for Competence of Contractors of the Plan and Budget Organization, according to extensive research in previous studies and the opinion of relevant experts, using the FMEA method, four other criteria are identified as effective criteria for delay and severity to select a contractor. Eight criteria were modeled through genetic algorithm method so that the existing documents of contracting companies in the Isfahan Municipality Deputy for Urban Development were collected and considered as model input data. After analyzing them with the model and comparing the qualification score with the existing score The Company, the final model was extracted.Finally, by calculating the qualification score and ranking in the proposed model, the relocation of a number of companies and the decline from the previous position was seen due to unauthorized delays, so that sometimes it even led to a change in the company's rating. Comparing the qualification score of the two models, a change in slope from 1.3% to 8.9% was also seen, which indicated the effect of the proposed criteria on the qualification score.