sustainable development

The use of rubber powder and carbon powder additives in pavement, despite its technical and environmental advantages, faces limitations that require optimization of their usage percentage. The aim of this research is to optimize the mechanical properties of asphalt in order to increase the lifespan and quality of the pavement and reduce maintenance costs based on laboratory results. The input variables include the percentage of carbon powder and rubber powder, and the output variables include the modulus of elasticity, moisture resistance, fracture energy, rutting depth, and asphalt cumulative strains. The mathematical process model for each asphalt mechanical characteristic was determined using response surface method (RSM) and its accuracy was checked by variance analysis. The results showed that the statistical analysis of RSM is highly accurate and the linear variables of CRM and ACP have a significant effect on the mechanical and functional behavior of asphalt. The optimal conditions for maximizing the mechanical characteristics of asphalt were proposed as ACP equal to 44.4% and CRM equal to 14.9%. The comparison of the optimized and minimum laboratory conditions showed that the use of the optimal combination of rubber powder and carbon powder, respectively 9%, 53% and 69% improvement in moisture resistance, fracture energy and modulus of elasticity, as well as 48% and 44% reduction in the depth of rutting. and creates plastic strain. In general, the results of this research show that the optimization of fracture energy, modulus of elasticity and moisture resistance, along with the reduction of rutting, can lead to an increase in the quality and lifespan of the pavement and a reduction in maintenance costs.

The development of a green and sustainable road transportation system is the best solution to overcome and achieve the transportation needs of the growing urban population and cargo transportation in front of megacities. This research has been conducted with the aim of systematic review of previous researches as well as identification of key elements and providing a model of effective measures to create a sustainable road transportation system in Bushehr province. By studying the relevant literature and using the textual content analysis approach, the number of seven indicators in the conceptual format of the sustainable transportation system including basic social, environmental and economic indicators were calculated, and in order to localize them, the Delphi technique was used in three rounds. . The statistical population of the research was made up of managers and experts familiar with the subject and working in the field of road and urban planning. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and its validity and reliability were also confirmed. In order to design a sustainable transportation model, an interpretive structural modeling approach was used in a fuzzy environment to manage linguistic ambiguities in judgments. The results of MiMak modeling and analysis showed that investment in the field of sustainable alternative energy, railway and road network development, infrastructure provision and urban space planning are among the basic and influential indicators in the field of sustainable transportation. Come Therefore, managers are suggested to emphasize and pay more attention to this group of indicators.

Considering the indicators of sustainable development in the calculation of cutoff grade leads to the sustainable mine design and is the biggest opportunity to reduce the adverse effects of mining activities. Until recently, only economic indicators were considered in the calculation of the cutoff grade. In recent studies, environmental indicators have also been implicated, but research that considers social factors has not been reported. Therefore, in the present study, a new model developed to calculate the cutoff grade, which includes all three criteria of sustainable development. To carry out the study, the costs related to sustainable development were entered into the break-even cutoff grade formula and the proposed model was validated with the information related to Choghart Iron Ore Mine. The results show that the sustained development costs included in the estimation of the Choghart Mine account for only 5% of the total costs, and the results of the sensitivity analysis show that these costs have the least impact on the determination of cutoff grade. The findings also show that the impact of sustainable development costs in Choghart Mine has increased the percentage of the cutoff grade by 5.5% and may not have much effect on the results. Therefore, the outcomes indicate that by using this method, a big change has not been achieved in the percentage of the cutoff grade. Also, some of the environmental and social problems of the project, taking into account the sustainable development costs, and spending the lowest percentage of the cost will be decreased.

One of the solutions for architecture sustainable development is industrial implementation of buildings systems with sustainable architecture principles. Industrialization is increasing the use of human resources, raw materials and capital in order to respond to the housing needs of the society and economic productivity by using new and sustainable technologies that are organized and coherent in a regular and modular structure. Today, with the development in the construction industry and the ever-increasing need to buildings, we need solutions with the goal of sustainable architecture planning, management and coordinated growth of related industries. In this research, the introduction of Tronco system, its construction method and technical specifications including structural elements, architectural features, safety and its strengths and weaknesses have been discussed. With regard to sustainable urban development, it can be concluded that the Tronco system has the ability to become a sustainable system. Also, this system has a favorable level of energy consumption optimization and brings sustainable development in architecture.

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is one of the approaches of sustainable urban development, paying attention to rail transportation as a means of sustainability in the city. In the TOD approach, transportation is considered as a factor to achieve urban sustainability. This approach improves social, economic and environmental conditions in the city. In this approach, principles such as attention to rail transport are considered as factors and principles of development. In the first hypothesis, it was tried to evaluate the relationship between the use of rail services and the development of transportation-oriented from the point of view of passengers. Finally, by testing this hypothesis, it was concluded that there is no relationship between the components of transportation-oriented development and the use of the subway as a means of transportation. In the second hypothesis, people's willingness to use the subway and their living distance from the subway station were evaluated. Finally, it was shown that there is a definite relationship between the distance from Golshahr station and the frequency of using railway lines. The priority of people as passengers was measured from the perspective of TOD in the third hypothesis, it was found that the construction of parking is very important. In order to make the metro station more attractive, it has been proposed to complete the pedestrian route and build various parking lots for the development of this station.

Today, the world's leading cities are focused on the concept of a smart city due to the spread of innovations that increase the quality of life. The need for sustainable development is necessary to improve economic, social and environmental conditions. Among the modes of transportation in today's cities, which are striving for sustainable development, is the tram. The experience of the tram in the past decades shows that it is not only a mode of transportation but also has a positive effect on the urban space and society. In line with the sustainable development of this research, the feasibility of the tram route has been conducted in the 8th region of the city. First, three routes leading to the selection of four prayer paths, and then according to the field impressions and information extracted from the library and documentary sources of the criteria of the Minister of Standards, a hierarchical analysis was performed and an optimal path was selected and redesigned. Finally, conclusions and basic recommendations are presented.

Nowadays, sustainable development is emphasized in the construction industry due to the negative environmental and social consequences of focusing only on economic factors. Construction equipment are widely used in projects. In this research, it has been tried to identify the selection criteria of construction equipment based on sustainable development. Then, the views of those involved in construction projects are examined to determine what criteria are used to select machines and equipment and to what extent sustainable development criteria are taken into account. The relative importance index in a field study using a questionnaire shows that among the 32 examined criteria, initial investment cost, the efficiency and effectiveness of equipment, and the safety of the equipment are three important criteria and creating jobs and entrepreneurship, using suitable fuels  and using non-destructive lubricants were the least important criteria from the respondents' point of view. Also, the results of the factor analysis show that the criteria considered by the construction industry professionals can be summarized in 6 factors, which are: acquisition and investment, operating costs, reliability, convenience and accessibility, social criteria and finally environmental criteria. In general, the ranking of the main groups of criteria shows that while social and environmental concerns are important criteria in sustainable development, according to the respondents, they are not very important compared to engineering and economic criteria. This result requires the attention of managers and officials to change the views of construction industry professionals with some countermeasures such as raising environmental standards and amending laws.

Online and offline shopping trips affect various aspects of urban life, such as e-commerce, transportation systems, and sustainability. To evaluate the factors that influence shoppers' choices, we propose a hybrid machine learning model that combines a gray wolf optimization algorithm and a deep convolutional neural network. We apply this model to estimate shopping trips based on a survey of 1000 active e-commerce users in districts 2 and 5 of Tehran, who made successful orders in both online and offline services in 2020. The gray wolf optimization algorithm performs feature selection and hyperparameters tuning for the deep convolutional neural network, which is a powerful deep learning model for image recognition and classification. Our model achieves an accuracy of 97.81% with an MSE of 0.325 by selecting seven out of ten features. The most important features are delivery cost, delivery time, product price, and car ownership. In addition, comparing the performance of the proposed method with other methods showed that the proposed algorithm with an accuracy of 97.81%, the accuracies of the single deep learning model, MLP neural network, decision tree, and KNN models were 95.63%, 90.12%, 86.49%, and 80.16%, respectively. This study offers valuable insights for transportation planners, e-commerce managers, and policymakers. It aims to help them design effective strategies to reduce transportation costs, lower pollutant emissions, alleviate urban traffic congestion, and enhance user satisfaction all while promoting sustainable development.

Today, many developing countries are seeking to increase investment in infrastructure projects to achieve sustainable development. On the other hand, the countries' success in infrastructure and development projects is what constitutes their progress. In recent decades, with the development of high-speed lines, railway transportation has seen major developments, including reduced time of dispatching trains, increased capacity, and, most importantly, increased speed of trains. Considering high-speed lines and limited aerial fleet, most countries have begun to use high-speed trains as the most reliable and most cost-effective method of transportation. Accordingly, this study mainly aimed to examine and prioritize pavement systems suitable to high-speed trains. For data analysis, first, major high-speed train pavement system techniques were identified using library studies, while for the analysis process, experts, including 3 employers, 4 contractors, 4 consulting companies, and 11 academic professors, were interviewed. In this study, 7 most frequent techniques were selected. Then, using the fuzzy DEMATEL method, each of the techniques was scored, and finally, it was determined how each factor affected and was effective on the systems. The findings revealed that the Rheda MRT (B1) system was most affected, with the Studiengesellschaft Asphalt-Oberbau design (B5) method, most effective on the implementation of the high-speed railway pavement system.

Unauthorized construction activities in forest lands have raised significant concerns. Environmental cadastre is regarded as a fundamental tool for providing precise spatial, legal, and environmental information, enabling close monitoring, land management, and sustainable development.

In this study, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods has been employed. The qualitative approach included the analysis of the legal and supervisory framework of the cadastre and the examination of institutional arrangements and stakeholder participation. On the other hand, the quantitative approach involved spatial data analysis and cadastre implementation to assess changes in land use and villa construction in forest lands. To identify villa constructions in the forest regions of Laloon village, data collection tools such as Google Earth images were utilized. Subsequently, using supervised maximum likelihood algorithms, classified images were generated and a land use map was prepared. Finally, a 1:5000 cadastral map of Laloon village was created and the implementation idea of an environmental cadastre in this area was examined.

Significant changes were observed in land use patterns in the village of Laloon between the years 2011 and 2024. The increase in residential areas on forest lands indicates undesirable environmental impacts. These changes have endangered the ecosystem and biodiversity of the region and led to population growth. In this study, the Kappa coefficient for the years 2011 at 0.902 and for 2024 at 0.945, has been evaluated as an indicator of land use differences in Laloon village. Furthermore, the overall accuracy of the research was calculated to be 92.703% for 2011 and 96.405% for 2024. The results indicate the high importance and accuracy in detecting land use changes in Laloon village. The assessment of the implementation of environmental cadaster for villa construction in forest areas of Laloon village shows the need for effective land management strategies, and the performance of the environmental cadaster system is capable of detecting land changes and conservation planning. This research emphasizes the importance of incorporating environmental considerations into cadastral mapping processes.

Based on the findings of this study, optimal use of environmental cadastre in Iran for the protection of natural resources and preservation of habitat sustainability is considered as a very vital action. Adhering to environmental laws and regulations during the execution of development processes and construction of structures is universal and undeniable for everyone. Implementing environmental cadastre requires collaboration among governmental organizations, technical expertise, utilization of advanced technologies, and community participation. This research indicates that implementing environmental cadastre plays a significant role in maintaining a balance between development and environmental protection. To enhance the efficiency of the environmental cadastre system in Iran, it is suggested that actions such as strengthening the legal framework, improving data management, upgrading technology, increasing stakeholder participation, and ensuring sustainable financial support be taken. These actions include drafting specific laws and regulations, establishing a centralized and powerful database, forming a multi-stakeholder advisory committee with the participation of various entities, and allocating sustainable financial resources for the advancement and development of the environmental cadastre.0.

Research in building information modeling and sustainability studies has been increasing recently. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the integration of building information modeling technologies to strengthen the implementation of sustainability methods in the construction industry. Building information modeling technology is one of these methods because it creates vital databases for the building and its components instead of generating and displaying rich information IDs. As a result, executive management's time and costs are significantly reduced because of the ability to make optimal decisions regarding the implementation of projects at each stage. It has provided the construction. Building information modeling technology as a powerful manager tool improves project success criteria. This study aims to identify the dimensions and components affecting the sustainable development of the construction industry based on building information modeling. The method used in this research is Grounded Theory based on the study's exploratory nature. The primary basis of data collection is in-depth interviews with experts, professors, and construction project specialists of Tehran Municipality, District 3. A total of 15 interviews were conducted. After collecting the information, the codes related to the written interviews were analyzed. After performing three steps of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, the final research model was presented. The codes obtained from the interviews were categorized into 55 concepts and 14 main categories. According to the results of this study, building information modeling and optimal building design are influenced by a range of environmental and causal factors. An integral part of the sustainable development of the construction industry is the integration of contractual models and sustainability development. The use of natural resources, the product, and the training of organizational and macro management and technology are included.

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, governments around the world have imposed severe traffic restrictions and presented different scenarios to reduce emissions from traffic sources. By applying the traffic restrictions caused by the Covid-19 epidemic, it was expected to see changes in the concentrations of air pollutants. Therefore, it was decided that the changes of air pollutants as one of the subsets of the environmental index of sustainable urban development during the covid-19 epidemic will be investigated. For this purpose, the aforementioned data are first collected in the four metropolitan cities: Tehran, Karaj, Ahvaz and Tabriz, and then processed and cleaned. After that, a proposed algorithm based on machine learning methods is presented. Machine learning methods decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, Bayesian network and perceptron neural network are applied to the selected features. Investigations showed that the prediction model using decision tree and random forest had the best performance for both recall and accuracy criteria. The research results showed that the effect of restrictions on the concentration of pollutants in different cities is different. Also, the results show that, in general, the application of traffic restrictions during the epidemic period did not have a significant and noticeable effect in reducing the concentration of air pollutants. Also, by comparing the change in air quality index with the death rate during the epidemic period, it was found that there is no relationship between them.

Bike-sharing systems are clean transportation modes that contribute to reducing traffic congestion, air pollution, and improving access to public transportation. The use of clean transportation, especially bike-sharing systems, are considered an effective solution for addressing traffic-related problems, air pollution, and improving the quality of life around the world. Unfortunately, in Iran, this mode of transportation has not been given much attention, and Low share of intra-city trips is made using bike-sharing systems. To adopt effective transportation policies in this regard, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the choice of bike-sharing systems. In this study, the choice of using bike-sharing systems was modeled using a ordered logit model to identify the factors affecting the maximum duration for using bike-sharing systems in Tehran city. Data were collected using a questionnaire, with a total of 418 completed questionnaires, which were reduced to 400 after cleaning the data. According to the results, factors such as providing a safe environment for cycling (constructing dedicated bike lanes), air cleanliness, Road aesthetics, very low environmental gradients on the last trip, resulted in using bike-sharing systems for more than 15 minutes. Factors such as the feeling of social deprivation while riding a bike, physical weakness, lack of interest in bike-sharing systems, commuting for work purposes, resulted in not using or using bike-sharing systems for less than 15 minutes.

With the development of the human community and increasing number of treatment plants, the treatment and disposal of high volume of sludge requires efficient management. Nowadays, due to the lack of land for burying sludge and environmental limitations of using sludge in agriculture, incineration is considered as a proper solution for sludge disposal. Sewage sludge ash is one of the materials that has been used in recent years as a substitute for cement and stone materials in concrete and construction materials.The quality of the resulting ash depends heavily on the origin of the sludge and its incineration process. Regarding this, there is no codified information about the content of the sludge of Tehran wastewater treatment plants, with considering its usage in construction materials. Also, there are many discrepancies in the heating process and the optimal incineration temperature of sewage sludge ash in the sources. In the first step, by examining the sludge of Tehran wastewater treatment plants and performing chemical analyzes such as XRF and XRD, the best treatment plant in terms of constituent content was selected. Then, by burning sewage sludge at 700 to 1000 C and re-analyzing XRF and XRD, as well as calculating the percentage of pozzolanic activity of the resulted ash, the most optimal heating process was selected.The obtained results of this study indicated that heating the Shahrake Gharb wastewater treatment plant's sludge at 800°C produced the most desirable sludge ash in case of chemical composition and pozzolanic activity. So, in general, it can be seen that although sludge ash could not be classified as one of the types of strong pozzolans, but this ash can be used as a raw material for Portland cement production and also as a weak pozzolan in reactions. Therefore, it is possible to replace the sewage sludge ash in optimal percentages in the mortar and concrete with Specified applications and as an alternative to cement, fine aggregate and filler.

One of the most important problems of urbanization is caused by the types of intra-city movement. Air pollution, traffic, sound pollution and mental and physical discomfort are some of the unfortunate consequences in this field. In this research, the factors influencing the decision-making of the citizens of Qazvin city in choosing a sustainable mode of transportation have been studied. Then, by using the discrete choice test method, people's decision to choose one of the sustainable transportation methods has been questioned through the questionnaire of the factors affecting citizens' trips with sustainable transportation methods. Safety was recognized as the most important factor for citizens. First, the results of the model in terms of their significance and then the final effects of each of the methods in the mentioned scenarios have been examined and the results indicate that 47% of people tend to choose a shared car, 24% tend to choose a bus, 19% tend to choose a bicycle and 10% tend to choose a walking method. Also, the willingness to pay has been calculated to improve each of the factors in this research, and it can be argued that parking and safety have a value of 0.065 and 0.06 respectively for people compared to the cost and travel time. It is more important.

The category of water governance, as political, social and economic policies that oversee the management and exploitation of water resources, is a field that indirectly affects the methods of decision-making and implementation of programs; including "who", "at what level and when", "what action". In this research, based on scientific documents and semi-structured expert interviews, the category of water governance in Iran has been subjected to an abstract pathology and based on OECD principles, solutions to overcome the water gaps in Iran have been presented. According to the findings, Iran's current situation is not in line with good water governance and sustainable development. However, the understanding of the country's water managers in terms of "what" and "why" is acceptable, but there is a lack in understanding "how". In particular, more actions are subject to the taste of actors and less in line with the public good and long-term interests, and it is necessary to reform the water governance method in Iran based on referring to multi-level processes, attracting the participation of stakeholders and actors, eliminating conflict of interests and promoting transparency and justice. Finally, data measurement and analysis, continuous release of information and paying attention to the environment is recommended.

Megacities recently are experiencing a shortage of green spaces basically due to an increase in both urbanization demand and residential complexes. In order to solve this problem and create sustainable urban development, green roofs have been suggested as one of the useful options. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to its use so that we can witness the creation of urban facilities and welfare along with the preservation of citizens' health. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize effective criteria in the development of green roof. For doing so, by using library studies and experts' opinions, the criteria were extracted and classified into three environmental, economic and social groups, consisting of thirteen sub-criteria. After checking and confirming validity and reliability and collecting questionnaires distributed among experts, data analysis has been done using the best-worst method. The results shows that economic indicator attract the highest priority among others. Additionally, the most important sub-criteria in environmental, economic, and social groups was air quality, roof longevity, and public health, respectively. Finally, the respective highest and lowest scores were assigned to roof longevity and biodiversity when all criteria were considered. However these results may change in other countries .

The Earth’s climate has been changing since began drastically. Global warming and change in precipitation pattern are consequence of climate change. Climate change and over-withdrawal of water for industrial purposes has increase water stresses around the world. Long-term water stresses may cause disasters. Hence it is necessary to control water stress. This paper proposes a model to manage water stress of different catchments by proper locating of large industries considering climate change.