leader

This paper investigates the leader-follower formation control problem of nonholonomic mobile robots based on backstepping technique composed with the bio-inspired neurodynamics while avoiding collision with obstacles. Kinematics model of robot and nonholonomic constraint are introduced and formation control scheme is formed based on backstepping technique. In order to solve velocity jump in backstepping kinematics model, the bio-inspired neurodynamic approach is used. In most of the previous studies, researches are used separation-bearing approach and also supposed that desired separation and bearing are constant. In this paper this assumption is relaxed and desired separation and bearing are considered to be time varying. Error dynamics equations are derived and a new controller is proposed. Also an auxiliary reference angular velocity control law is proposed to guarantee global asymptotic stability of the followers and local asymptotic stability of the entire formation according to direct method of Lyapunov. A common example of changing the formation is obstacle avoidance, when an obstacle is located within a follower path and is not in its leader path. Time varying functions for desired separation and bearing are chosen and the new controller is developed with its proof of stability. Simulations results reveal that each follower robot can track its real time leader employing the proposed kinematic controller while avoiding obstacles. Furthermore control inputs at the start moment and also while avoiding obstacles, do not contain impractical jumps and are reasonable thanks to integrating bio-inspired neurodynamic with backstepping technique.

This paper talked about spacecraft formation flying control. Leader-flower structure is used in formation flying. A non-linear PID controller is designed based on predictive control. The formation relative equation is obtained from nonlinear Hill equation. First, the frequency control is achieved with the using of predictive control algorithm. In control frequency, disturbances have been replaced from disturbance observer. Equations are rewritten in the form of PID gains. Stability of the closed-loop system is proven by closed-loop error dynamics. Nonlinear PID controller performance in the pursuit of desired arrangement has been tested in simulations. Also effects of various factors on the quality of controller results are studied. It is shown that choosing predictive horizon time and disturbance observer gains have the most effect on system response. It is shown that if predictive time increase the settling time increase and the control effort decrease. if disturbance observer gain increase from a limit, it has no effect on settling time but control effort increase. As shown in simulation, the tracking response show the controller method ability. the simulation show the ability of this nonlinear control method in tracking.

In this paper, the vision based formation control of a leader-follower aerial robotic system is discussed while communication failure between the robots is considered. Based on vision sensors and image processing computations, without any need to further communications, the follower robot obtains the line of sight angle and the corresponding distance from the leader. These information are used to calculate the leader speed and its path angle. Using model predictive control method, it is shown that even in the presence of communication failure between the robots, the flight formation can be controlled while the follower moves along the desired relative angle and keeps the corresponding distance. To this end, the control inputs are obtained in terms of normal and tangential acceleration of the follower. Simulation results show a good performance of the proposed model predictive controller in both ordinary, and communication failure conditions.