معدن مس سونگون

In this paper, stability analysis of the slopes on Sungun mine was investigated. Sungun mine located in East Azerbaijan province, 45 km north of Varzaghan city. In order to investigate the stability coefficient and the rate of displacement on the slopes, three sections were selected and analyzed by numerical and equilibrium methods using SLIDE and UDEC models. The results showed that the coefficient of slope stability against failure in static conditions is more than 1.4 and in dynamic conditions with cosidering of the design based acceleration (DBA) of 0.35 g, it will be in the range of 0.92 to 1.2. In the case of applying acceleration of 0.42 g, the safety coefficient decreased to 0.8 and 1.05 and in most of the mine area, especially by Janbu method, it will be less than 1 and occurance of instability in wide range of the studied mine area is possible. However, in the extraction benches even with the application acceleration of 0.35 g, a limited chance of failure is possible. Based on the numerical analysis results, the displacements in the western part of the mine (downstream of the mine slopes) are generally higher than the eastern part of the mine. The maximum dynamic displacement in DBA of 0.42 g will be happen at section 2 (middle part of the mine) with the amount of more than 40 cm. In the entire of the mine area, the occurrence of toppling failure is dominant.

The optimum operation of an open pit mine needs special attention to geotechnical problems including slopes stability. Such investigations should be performed continuously, and the obtained results be used in mine designing and also development studies. There are various types of factors affecting the instability problems of mine slopes and should be identified and investigated during risk assessment process. In this research, an attempt was made to identify the most important factors related to instability of slopes of Sungun copper mine, then rank factors based on their importance. For this purpose, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy process (FAHP) has been used. At first, using a questionnaire experts were interviewed and on this basis the most important risk factors defined in 3 layers, then the Hierarchal structure of problem was drawn. Then, FAHP was used to calculate the relative weight of factors affecting risk of slope instability and to determine their importance. The results obtained of field studies and also long term plans for slope controlling were compared with FAHP method results. On this basis, delay in mining operations (Layer 1), extended failure (more than a bench) (Layer 2), and discontinuities (Faults & Joints) (Layer 3) were defined as factors with high importance during risk assessment of slopes instability of Sungun copper mine.

The phenomenon of dilution is one of the undesirable consequences of mining that is caused by the unwanted mixing of tailings and minerals. Adverse effects of dilution include increased costs of extraction, transportation, processing, mining grade, and environmental degradation. Dilution control requires identifying the causes of the dilution. Field surveys of the East Azerbaijan Sungun copper mine, which is extracted by the open-pit method, show that factors such as dyke infiltration, contact of tailings blocks and mineral at the borders, sample error Vector and Murphy's errors (human error) are the factors influencing the dilution. In this study, in order to estimate the amount of external dilution (dilution due to dykes) of Sungun copper mine, geostatistical modeling (index kriging) was used. The external dilution rate of the mine (11.3%) was calculated. The amount of external dilution seemed to be higher than the maximum initial estimate of dilution in open-pit mines with mass reserves, but this number is reasonable given the presence of dykes. To reduce the external dilution due to the penetration of the dykes, it was suggested to use the XRF model 7000. Statistical data available before and during the use of the XRF device showed that when using the device, the daily average (actual) grade obtained is closer to the predicted grade. Also, the amount of external dilution due to dykes has decreased.

Summary: Based on statistics, flyrock is the main reason of 20 to 40% of blasting induced accidents in mines. Therefore, the accurate prediction of flyrock has a remarkable role on reducing its detrimental effects. In this paper, a model tree was developed for flyrock prediction using M5P technique. This model was trained and tested by the blasting database of Sungun copper mine. The results showed that the proposed model can estimate the flyrock with an acceptable error. Flyrock is one of the most challenging safety issues of blasting operation in open pit mines, which always threatens the safety of personnel and equipment. Thus, the accurate prediction of flyrock seems necessary for determination of safe blasting zone. During past years, many empirical models have been developed using artificial intelligence techniques for flyrock prediction. Most of these models do not indicate the relationship between input and output parameters, so they are opaque and vague. The main purpose of this paper is to construct a transparent and understandable model for flyrock prediction. Methodology and Approache: In this paper, a model is developed for flyrock prediction using M5P technique. This technique presents a tree structure which contains linear equations in its leaves and using these equations the flyrock can be predicted easily. In this model, the flyrock distance is estimated using the most important controllable blasting parameters (i.e. burden, spacing, stemming, blasthole length, blasthole diameter, powder factor and mean charge per blasthole). Results and Conclusions: The accuracy and efficiency of proposed model was evaluated using various statistical indices such as coefficient and determination (R2), variance account for (VAF) and root mean square error (RMSE). These indices were obtained 92.1%, 92%, and 3.9, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that M5P technique is a suitable and efficient means that provides an acceptable prediction for flyrock. Furthermore, the results indicated that the burden and blasthole diameter are the most and the least effective parameters on flyrock prediction, respectively. The output of this model can be considered as a preliminary estimation of flyrock, based on which the risk of hazards and potential accidents can be reduced to a desirable extent.

Sungun copper mine is located in the East Azerbaijan province, 45 km north of Varzaqan County. In this research, in order to zonation of potentially unstable areas, slope mass rating (SMR), kinematical analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods by using of Dips 6.0, Expert Choice and ArcGIS softwares were accomplished. In the study by using Analytical Hierarchy Process method, the effective general criterias on the failure of rock slopes and extraction benches including structural geology, geomechanics, groundwater condition of joints, morphology and degree of alteration were selected and ranked by forming a pairwise comparison matrix. Then the sub-criterias and alternatives are wheighted by using of overall row wheight method on the basis of their importance. Finally, by integration of obtained data layers in the ArcGIS system, the studied mine area was zoned in low, medium and higth category in terms of failure potentially. According to the results, the western, southern, southeast and scattered parts of the north area of the studied mine specially in mining benchs are more likely to rock slope failurs, which is in good agreement with field observations. The results showed that there is a fairly good agreement between the results of the methods used in this research. But due to the fact that in the hierarchical analysis method, other criteria involved in the failure are considered, and the result is more reliable.

One of the most crucial decisions in mine design is to locate mine infrastructures. The problem of locating a processing plant can be considered in the form of a multi-objective case, which can be solved by goal programming method. In this paper, a fuzzy-based goal programming approach was developed in order to solve the problem of processing plant site determination. In order to determine the efficiency of the developed approach, Sungun copper area was studied. In this case, five goals were considered as adjacency to crusher, adjacency to tailing dam, adjacency to power source, distance from blasting sources, and topography of the available land. Furthermore, six feasible alternatives were initially specified by studying Sungun area map, and then were prioritized using the approach. After investigating the considered area, it was specified that the determined site is the most ideal alternative in this case, considering the levels of the goals and their fuzzy weights.

Spare parts management and logistics is an aspect of product support management which influences the product life cycle cost. The availability of spare parts upon demand decreases the product down-time and increases the utilization of the system/machine and consequently the profitability of the project. If the optimum number of spare parts is stored in the inventory, this minimizes the product life cycle cost as a goal function, and the optimum number is calculated taking different factors into account, such as the part criticality, the part purchasing cost, the distance between the manufacturer and user, and the lead time. Forecasting the required support/spare parts based on technical and operational characteristics of a system, is the one of the best ways for optimizing unplanned stoppages. This paper discusses about product support (required spare part) logistics based on product design characteristics (reliability). In first step, the reliability of component was analyzed and then required spare parts, the economic order quantity and reorder point with respect to annual demand rate was calculated. A case study of Sungun Copper Mine is used to demonstrate how the proposed approach can be applied.

Due to environmental pollution caused by various contaminants through mining activities, over the years, many chemical and physical methods used to purge ecosystems which often associated with high costs. Hence, today the biological resources of the environment are used to clean up contaminated areas with a variety of pollutants. One of the most inexpensive methods for removing contaminants from wastewater, water and soil, is phytoremediation processes. Summary: Given that in the real world, environmental factors affect each other, to achieve real results, the interaction between these factors should be considered. In this study, the cognitive map method to evaluate the impact of the environment on phytoremediation efficiency factors with regard to relations between them have been used in a case study. The development of mining activities and non-compliance with environmental requirements, has caused the huge amounts of contaminants of mining industry such as wastewater of mine concentrator plants enter to the environment through water. On the other hand, in recent years, the use of biocompatible phytoremediation processes in purify the wastewater of mine concentrator plants have been significant results. Evaluate the efficiency of phytoremediation process and identify different effective environmental factors on it, not only reveal the wider dimension of the application of this new technology, but also help to the designers of this natural systems to implement it. Methodology and Approaches: In this study, the cognitive map to identify causal relationships between environmental factors affecting the efficiency of phytoremediation mineral wastewaters and how each factor affect the efficiency of phytoremediation is used. Also determine the most effective identified factors assuming enabled each of the factors identified in cognitive map and implementing hybrid learning algorithm will be obtained that represents the impact of environmental factors on the efficiency of inorganic wastewater phytoremediation process. Results and Conclusions: The results of the study wastewater phytoremediation Sungun copper mine concentrator plant shows that "the amount of heavy metals in the tailings dam," with the relative weight of 0/37, "the metal content of ore," the relative weight of 0/34 and "dissolved heavy metals in wastewater, "the relative weight of the criteria 0/33, have been the most important environmental factors and have great impact on the efficiency of phytoremediation process.

Currently, the environmental protection has found an important role in most countries. The effluents of the Sungun Copper Mine Concentration Plant (SCMCP) have the destructive effects. The location of farms, especially around the mine, should be performed based on technical and economical topics. In the present study, in order to the consideration of the main aims of the Mine management, a multi-objective approach is used. The effluents of SCMCP have some destructive effects on the Arasbaran forests. Thus, determination of the proper locations to discharge the wastewaters of the SCMCP is one of the important issues which should be considered. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is an appropriate method for measuring the efficiency. The development of uncertainty in the world, indicates the importance of DEA method and its applications.