mining

The RFID technology has recently been embraced by many mining companies due to its unique capabilities in transforming mining operations. This technology has sparked a communication revolution within the mining industry. This article examines the RFID application in the ore exploitation sector and provides insights into RFID system, highlighting its potential to become a critical component in Iran's mining industry. Utilization of RFID in the mining industry include tracking miners and equipment, managing personal protective equipment (PPE), controlling access and worker safety, managing materials and the supply chain, monitoring environmental conditions and mine status, and tracking explosives. Given these practical features, implementing RFID technology in Iran's mines especially coal mines, which are prone to various incidents can help track personnel during an emergency, allowing rescue teams to be quickly dispatched to the site and significantly reduce casualties.

Historical analysis of mining demonstrates that this profession is highly hazardous and has adverse effects on human health and the environment. The sensitivity of civil institutions and the obligation of governments to monitor and legislate indicate the high level of damage caused by mining activities to the miners' health. From a global perspective, mechanical, chemical, and biological hazards; risks arising from energy sources; physical pressure on workers; risks of falling from heights; and psychological hazards are major threats in mining activities.Artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and drones can play an influential role in risk alerting to workers and implementing preventive measures by collecting and intelligently processing information. Moreover, technologies such as robotics, drones, and autonomous vehicles can replace humans in hazardous areas and reduce human casualties and injuries.Historical analysis of mining demonstrates that this profession is highly hazardous and has adverse effects on human health and the environment. The sensitivity of civil institutions and the obligation of governments to monitor and legislate indicate the high level of damage caused by mining activities to the miners' health. From a global perspective, mechanical, chemical, and biological hazards; risks arising from energy sources; physical pressure on workers; risks of falling from heights; and psychological hazards are major threats in mining activities.

Mining design is a key part of the mining life cycle and the integration of sustainable development (SD) considerations makes the project a profitable activity with the least adverse social and environmental impacts. Applying sustainability considerations in the very late stages of project development and focusing on impact mitigation and control measures has been one of the most important reasons for not integrating the principles of SD in the feasibility and design stages of projects. In this study, the attributes of the three principles of SD discussed in various studies were collected and a logical approach was adopted to identify the social and environmental attributes effective in the design, optimization, and selection of the ultimate pit limit (UPL). Then, political-security problems, creation of employment, pollution of underground/surface waters, acidic depositions, materials existed in the tailings dam, soil physical specifications, the recycle/removal of waste, restore habitat post-mining, tailing dams and waste dumps and respect of sensitive areas was selected for quantification and integration in the sustainable design of the Songun copper mine as a case study.

The purpose of this study is to note the influence of coal on environmental pollution and introduce solutions for the removal of this pollutions. Environmental problems caused by coal production and use can be improved or efficiently addresses during processing, recovery, conversion, or reclamation. Coal is a dominant primary source of chemical energy and the production of power and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. The demand for these coal products is rising throughout the world. This demand in traditional markets is rising steadily. Coal is very important for the development of countries; therefore, effective use is vital for energy-poor countries. If the negative effects (or impacts) of coal on the environment are handled successfully, it can have a bright future. Clean coal technologies (CCT) are needed to utilize coal in an environmentally acceptable way and to improve coal utilization efficiency. Clean coal technology (CCT) is the main issue to maintain a clean environment and economically viable way. Carbon sequestration and electrostatic and fabric filters are the other techniques control techniques for pollution of coal mining.

Sierra Leone is blessed with abundant natural resources but yet prone to environmental degradation due to the mining operations. Most often, the mining communities are faced with social tensions, as a result of the possible trade-off between the expected employment impact and the cost of mining operations to the environment. Over the past decades, the contribution of the mining sector to the development of the country has been overshadowed by the fact that the mining operations have had adverse negative effects, mainly due to the country's weak environmental policies and the failure of the mine monitoring institutions, to supervise the operations of mining company operations. This article seeks to examine both the environmental and the social implication of mining operations on three mining edge communities in Sierra Leone. This paper also utilizes secondary data from the published articles, government’s reports, workshops and conference proceedings, policy documents of non-governmental organizations, newspapers, and the like to generate this writer's view on the topic under review. The thrust of the review will be on the following: Sierra Rutile Limited, Koidu Holdings Limited, and Shandong Iron Ore Mines. The above mining companies have been carefully selected due to the fact that they are located close to dwelling communities, and have been mining in Sierra Leone over a long period of time. The environmental performance index and the mining impact framework are used to clearly show the impact of mining operations on the environment in Sierra Leone. As a result of mining operations, deforestation is skyrocketing, public discomfort and air pollution has worsened, and social unrest has increased as a result of some unacceptable consequences including pollution of water source without recourse to short-term remedy. The literature reviewed by this writer reveals that the mining activities have two faces in Sierra Leone. One is that it serves as a resource curse. An example to this sad reality is the outbreak of civil war, social unrest among others. On the other hand, the mining sector is one of the principal backbones of the economy. It contributes to the livelihood of the country. This paper introduces three-way approaches of mining sector operation remedies that include but not limited to: 1) sound Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) adoption before mining operations starts; 2) carrying out Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA); 3) regular engagement with all stakeholders of mining-affected communities. This article recommends that restoration activities by mining companies go along with extraction and adequate compensation.

Mining is among the oldest industries. It is the primary source of raw materials for most of the sectors. Little is known about the complex inter-sectoral carbon linkages of the mining industry. In this work, we estimate the inter- and intra-sectoral carbon linkage impacts of the mining sector across ten major economies by applying an input-output model, and the hypothetical extraction method and its modified version. The hypothetical extraction method removes an industrial block from an economic system, and afterwards, it makes a comparison between the before and after removal values. China with 195.47 Mt has the highest mining emissions, followed by USA, India, and Canada with 110.99 Mt, 108.79 Mt, and 76.92 Mt, respectively. The India’s mining sector with 26.33 t/104</sup> $ is the most carbon-intensive, followed by Japan and Canada with 6.84 t/104</sup> $ and 5.22 t/104</sup> $, respectively. China’s carbon emissions with -11.56% and -11.28%, respectively, have been affected the most by the total extraction of mining sector and forward carbon linkages, while for the backward carbon linkage, Canada with -1.33% has been affected the most. Canada has the highest mixed and internal emissions of 0.42 Mt and 47.88 Mt, respectively. However, China has the highest net-backward and net-forward emissions of 16.91 Mt and 189.22 Mt, respectively. For all nations, the mining sector is a net exporter of emissions to other industries. Based on the numerical findings, in this work, we discuss the mitigation measures for both the direct and indirect mining emissions.