pollution

Mining is regarded as one of the most polluting sources of environment due to the production of toxic acid wastewater. Considering the environmental impacts of mining in the stage of mine production planning development can potentially reduce the harmful effects of this industry on the environment. In this research, attentions have been paid to the planning of production in Sungun Copper mine looking at parameters and environmental impacts. For this propose, field studies were conducted and chemical analysis, as well as exploratory and mapping data for planning of environmental production have been carried out, and various sections of ore have been evaluated with a view of the production of waste water. After modeling the mineral deposit and providing a block model, toxic elements content was determined for each block using the Kriging method, and the weight and effect of the blocks were determined using the entropy method. The block model in contrast to conventional production planning methods that include only grade of minerals, considers the wastewater production capacity of each block and its degree of pollution. Finally, by designing a production planning based on the environmental impacts of the toxic elements prevailing in Sungun copper mine eight operational phases were designed for this deposit. In this planning, blocks in the first pitt with a mean pollution level of 1141 and those in the final pit with an average of 52 have been found to represent the highest and lowest potential, respectively, producing harmful wastewater into the environment.

Infiltration of leachate produced by municipal solid waste into the ground water poses a serious environmental hazard due to its high content of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The leachate is the primary source of soil and water pollution.With respect to the climate, Iran is a relatively dry region with low sources of fresh water. Preservation of invaluable fresh water resources calls for serious research into the sources of water pollution in the region. Each day about, 500 ton wastes are produced in the Hamedan city and have been disposed in a site with lack of appropriate engineering conditions. The main aim of this research is to assess the effect of the Hamedan landfill environmental effects on groundwater resources with respect to heavy metals contamination. In this regard, the samples of leachate have been selected from the winter and summer depots of the landfill leachate. Also, groundwater samples were collected from the 5 water wells and two springs in order to study possible impact of leachate percolation into the groundwater resources. The leachate and groundwater samples were chemically characterized using Inductively Coupled Plasma of Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), flame photometer and titration methods. Measured parameters include pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Heavy metals from the leachate, groundwater and spring samples. In addition to heavy metals analysis, chemical analysis for major cations and anions were also carried out in the groundwater and springs. According to Iranian Institute of Standard and Industrial Research and Iranian Environmental Protection Organization standards for drinking water and waste water, the results showed that all samples were contaminated, respectively. Furthermore it was found that, geological and hydrogeological conditions of site have a main role in distribution of contamination. Subsurface groundwater samples are contaminated more than other groundwater samples.

With a view to estimate the heavy metals ratio in the surfacial soils of the Sarcheshmeh copper mine area and to evaluate the pollution level, 120 surfacial soil samples have been collected up to the depth of 30 centimeters and have been analyzed for the heavy metals of Pb, Ni, Se, Mo and Zn with the help of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP- MS). In the samples of the studied soil, the average of the recorded concentration of elements for lead, Nickel, Selenium, Molybdenum and zinc are 127, 27, 1, 7 and 252 (mg/kg) respectively. The order of the average frequency of the heavy metals concentration consist of Zn>Pb> Ni> Mo> Se. The comparison of the heavy metals concentration average and the toxic potential in the soil samples has shown that an average with respect to the world average of the uncontaminated soil amounts and shale. The average of Pb, Ni, Se, Mo and Zn elements shows a higher quantity with respect to the world average quantity. Ni element contains lesser average as compare to the shale average. The pollution factor for the study elements has been calculated on the basis of the soil background concentration and has been categorized on the basis of the uncontaminated world soil average with respect to the Hakenson classification. The calculation of the corrected pollutant degree shows the degree of the bulk intermediate pollutant (2.99-3.24) for the average soil sampling of the study area which is on the basis of the background quantity and the world average quantity of the uncontaminated soils. The provided conclusion from the calculation of the concentrated factor, for some of the samples show that the average of the lead, Zinc and Mo elements stations are more than the background values and the unnatural metal concentration are covered under the study area. Given conclusion from the calculation of Geoaccumulation index of the soil sampling can explain that the Nickel and Selenium elements are lying with uncontaminated area and the Zinc and Mo elements are lying with uncontaminated area and up to low contaminated area and lead element is lying with the area of low contamination.