توسعه فناوری

New technologies can transform the agricultural industry as well as any other industry. The final goal of the research is to identify and stratify the factors affecting the development of emerging technologies in agriculture with a supply chain approach. The research method is mixed and initially, the components of emerging technologies in agriculture are identified through literature and semi-structured interviews with experts. Interviews were coded with three methods of open, central and selective coding, and finally 34 components and 182 indicators were identified based on central coding and in the quantitative part a structural-interpretive model to present the model of emerging technologies in agriculture using ISM according to the opinions of 15 people. It was created by the experts of Tarbiat Modares University. After that, to identify the position of the identified components, it was determined using MICMAC based on influence and dependence. The obtained results of emerging technologies in agriculture are formed in six levels including the central category, contextual factors, causal conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and finally, consequences. The findings of the research show that by using interpretive structural modeling, the location of various factors in the dispersion map of the variables was analyzed, from which the position of the key variables can be recognized. From the state of the scatter plot of variables affecting new technologies in agriculture, it has been observed that the system is unstable

The foundations of a knowledge-based economy are innovation, technology research and development, which is a costly and risky activity. Given the high cost and risk of technology development, the private sector alone can not do this, and therefore, governments in different countries have developed various institutions and mechanisms to finance innovation. In Iran, about 10 years ago, the discussion of the formation and development of the knowledge-based economy began with the adoption of the "Law on Protection of Companies and Knowledge-Based Institutions and Commercialization of Innovations and Inventions" and an Innovation and Prosperity Fund was set up to finance these companies. In this article, we take a look at the legal basis for the formation of the Innovation and Prosperity Fund and the various approaches and services of this fund in order to support innovation and technology development and thus the realization of the knowledge-based economy in the country.

The fields of engineering and technical possess the great importance in the knowledge-based economy due to the interaction they have with technology and scientific development. Over the last few decades, the main trend of engineering education in industrialized countries have been constantly changing, and they tend to be biased toward engineering science and engineering technology. The engineering technology is for immediate and direct industrial needs, and the engineering sciences is to formulate methods and standards in design through modeling and analysis, and the acquisition of basic abilities for entry into graduate education for the production of science and innovation. Considering that scientific development is mainly carried out by PhD students by carrying out developmental research in the field of engineering and technical, and the development of technology is realized by senior students and research centers in applied research; therefore, in this paper, the results of studies on the teaching of science and engineering are presented with a look at the experiences of the industrialized countries and the suggestions for improving the methods of engineering education especially mechanical engineering are presented too .