نوآوری

Sustainable nutrition of the growing world population is considered as one of the significant challenges facing the world today. Therefore, the environmental-management solution, and the replacement of cultivation is presented as a strong means for increasing productivity, sustainability, and reducing the effects of climate change. The purpose of this study is first to investigate the acceptance rate of saffron in Kermanshah province by calculating the acceptance index and then determining the position of saffron farmers in the province, during the innovation decision process. The research method in the quantitative approach was descriptive-survey and analytical for the qualitative section. In the quantitative section, 120 farmers were selected in total, and in the qualitative section, 10 farmers were selected by targeted sampling. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire (based on Rogers' superior innovation decision-making model) and in-depth interviews. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and content analysis were used in the quantitative and qualitative sections respectively. The results showed that the acceptance rate of saffron in Kermanshah province was 0.33% and the saffron farmers in the target area, while having the knowledge and understanding of saffron work, confirmed the feature of being visible among the features of innovation, with the highest percentage. Furthermore, based on following the other saffron farmers, and with the justification from the experts, they accepted saffron, and finally, they were convinced to continue the cultivation of saffron while accepting it.

Considering the position of chicken meat in people's food basket, the broiler industry plays a strategic role in the food security of countries. The main problem of this industry in the country is the traditional business approach of the companies. The current research aims to take a systematic look at the current state of this industry from the point of view of the business model and provide innovative solutions to improve this industry as much as possible. The current research method is the qualitative method of thematic analysis. The research community consisted of expert producers in the central province and especially in the city of Dilijan. The sampling method was judgmental and snowball, and the study continued until reaching theoretical saturation. After conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews, the components of the business model canvas were extracted using open coding, basic, constructive and overarching themes. By analyzing the data, the current state of the business model in the poultry industry in each of the components of the ecosystem including customers, channels, relationships with customers, value propositions, revenue streams, cost structure, key resources, activities Key and key partners were identified. Then, based on the opinions of experts, the innovative canvas of the business was also drawn. In this regard, many innovative solutions were proposed such as new customers, different channels, various communication methods, innovation in main products, packaging. Distinctive, different proposed values, diverse income generation solutions, innovation in activities and key resources such as broiler breeding and immunogenic and therapeutic processes, etc.

The covid-19 pandemic overshadowed the performance of small and medium food industries as well as other businesses. Considering the central role of innovation in critical conditions and also the vital role of small and medium food industries in economic development, the current research was carried out with the aim of explaining the performance of small and medium food industries in Mazandaran based on the innovation approach during Covid-19 pandemic. The current research is a causal studiy that used the quantitative research paradigm and field survey method. The statistical population included 500 small and medium food industries in Mazandaran. 217 businesses were selected as a sample based on the table of Krejci and Morgan and by random sampling method. The data collection tool was a five-option Likert scale questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed by calculating ordinal theta coefficient (θ= 0.831). SPSS26 and Smart-PLS3 were used for descriptive and inferential data analysis, respectively. The results showed that organizational innovation had a more prominent role in explaining performance compared to other forms of innovation. In addition, the evidence showed that if a business has an acceptable innovation capability, this capability leads to improved innovative performance through improved innovation status, and this in turn results in improved production, market and financial performance in critical conditions. Therefore, in order to survive and grow in crisis conditions and improve innovative performance, practitioners and business owners are expected to focus on improving innovation capability and then concentrate on promoting organizational innovation.

Intense competition and complexity of markets have led to the innovation variable being considered a key issue for the continuation of firms' activities. Therefore, firms have turned to entrepreneurship and the use of new technologies to control it. Based on this, the aim of this research is to investigate the moderating role of internet of things (IoT) capability and competition intensity in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation in knowledge-based firms. This research is considered as quantitative and applied studies. The statistical population includes knowledge-based manufacturing firms in the field of biotechnology, agriculture and food. In this research, Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample and a questionnaire was used to collect data. It should be mentioned that 177 analyzable data were received from the studied firms. On the other hand, relationships between the research variables were investigated and analyzed with the method of structural equation modeling in the form of partial least squares. The result of the first hypothesis showed that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on product innovation. Also, based on the result of the second hypothesis, moderating role of IoT capability in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation was found to be significant. On the other hand, the third hypothesis showed that the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation is strengthened in high competitive conditions. Finally, the contribution of this research has been to provide a new conceptual model, fill the existing gap and increase the subject literature.

Today, agricultural start-ups play a vital role in the country's economy; hence, one of the concerns of the policy makers is to develop this type of business leading to expansion of innovation and flourishing the local and national economy. Therefore, the current research aimed to identify the effective arrangements on agricultural start-ups development in Iran. The statistical population of this research consisted of the policy and decision makers in the field of agricultural start-ups, experts and activists in the ecosystem, agricultural start-ups and owners of agricultural start-ups in the country, 104 of whom were selected using the Karjesi and Morgan table and random sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, in which its content validity was confirmed by a group of experts. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine its reliability, and indicated its appropriate value. The SPSSV26 and SmartPLSV4 software were benefited for data analysis. The findings of the reflective part of the evaluation model showed that the convergent and diagnostic validity of the constructs were estimated at an appropriate level. Totally, nine factors were identified based on the results of hierarchical components' model on 42 variables of the agricultural start-ups development. These factors included managerial, informational, market oriented, communication network, legal, natural-environmental, infrastructural, governmental-supportive, and educational.

The success of rural production cooperatives plays an important role in the modern agricultural system, the empowerment and development of rural communities. The performance of these cooperative companies is formed by various factors and depends on it. In this regard, the present research has investigated the recognition and analysis of the effective structures on the success of rural production cooperatives in Golestan province. The current research is a descriptive-survey type, the statistical population of this research consists of 19,612 people from 48 active rural production cooperatives, and the sample number was 377 people obtained through the Kargesi Morgan table. Sampling was done in a random stratified manner. The researcher-made questionnaire was a research measurement tool, whose content validity was confirmed using experts' opinions. The values obtained from the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR) showed the convergent validity and adequate reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS23 software and Smart PLS3 software was used to model structural equations. The results obtained from the model showed that increasing group cohesion and solidarity with a coefficient of 0.933 and increasing productivity, performance and effectiveness with a coefficient of 0.903 at the 99% confidence level were the most important structures affecting the success of rural production cooperatives. The results showed that the success of rural production cooperatives has a significant difference in the groups of the type of membership in the cooperative, education, receiving facilities from the cooperative and participating in training courses.

The purpose of this study is the explanation of concept of knowledge management with the approach of research and development and innovation based on the grounded theory method in the country's cement industry. In order to collect data in the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were used which the interviewees were experts in the field of cement in the country and were purposefully selected. In order to model, Strauss and Corbin's version of Grounded Theory has been used. In this process, 53 concepts and 24 categories have been created and grouped in the form of 6 axises of grounded Theory. To select a statistical sample, 90 managers and experts in the field of cement were selected by the available sampling method. In the quantitative part of the model, the structural equation modeling method was approved using Smart PLS software. Based on these analyses, the effect of causal conditions on the main phenomenon is equal to 0.704, the effect of the main phenomenon on the strategy is equal to 0.813, the effect of background conditions on the strategy is equal to 0.747, the effect of intervening conditions on the strategy is equal to 0.559 And the effect of strategy on the outcome is equal to 0.753

Entrepreneurship is recognized as an essential factor in the enhancement of the economic situation by creating new employment and income opportunities. Technological entrepreneurship has an important role in the process of creating a regional economy. When there are many technological organizations in a country, and the level of technological entrepreneurship is high, it has a positive impact on the country in which the organizations exist. The need for technological entrepreneurship is because technology-based industries are expanding rapidly and are replacing traditional industries. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the design of the technological entrepreneurship capabilities model by considering the sustainable competitive advantage in dairy industries cooperatives in the north of Iran using a structural interpretive approach. This was qualitative research with a meta-analytical approach. The statistical population of this study was 50 theoretical and experimental experts in the field of the dairy industry in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. The research data collection tool was a purposive interview. Data were analyzed using the Fuzzy Delphi method and fuzzy analytic network process (ANP). The results of technological entrepreneurship capability screening identified 36 indicators and 5 components, and 30 indicators and 4 components, with the name of sustainable competitive advantage, as factors affecting technological entrepreneurship capabilities. Based on these results, it can be claimed that technological entrepreneurship capabilities can be derived from a sustainable competitive advantage in the industry and by creating a suitable environment to strengthen technological entrepreneurship and the economic prosperity of the country.

The present study examines the innovative behavior of students of agricultural schools in Sari city in Mazandaran province. This is a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population was composed of 433 students, out of which 206 students were selected on the basis of Krejcie and Morgan table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in which innovative behavior was measured by 32 items in the form of three dimensions of idea discovery, idea creation and idea support. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used in SPSS21. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between different dimensions of innovative behavior at the level of 99% confidence. Findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between innovative behavior and students' semester. Comparison of innovative behavior of students in different groups showed that innovative behavior in the groups of gender, level of education, having a job, having a history of innovation and entrepreneurship, as well as different fields of study, had a significant difference. According to the results, it is suggested that educational centers, including institutions and centers of higher education, by providing educational facilities and infrastructure to provide the ground for the production of ideas to pave the way for the development and strengthening of entrepreneurial culture. It is suggested that educational centers, including institutions and higher education centers, by providing educational facilities and infrastructure, supply the ground for creating and developing ideas for students, in order to strengthen and expand the entrepreneurial culture.

Medicinal plants have a long history with human beings and are considered as one of the export items of the agricultural sector and one of the main sources of meeting human food and medicine needs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of social capital and professional capabilities in the development of medicinal plants as an innovation in agriculture sector. The present quantitative research in terms of purpose is applied research in which the fieldwork (survey) method was used. The statistical population of the study included all farmers in Zanjan province. A total of 389 people were selected as the statistical sample and data was collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS24 and AMOS24 software. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the communication, cognitive and structural dimensions of social capital with the development of medicinal plants. Also, the results showed that the total indirect effect of communication and cognitive dimension of social capital on the development of medicinal plants in Zanjan province is positive and significant through the professional capabilities of farmers; while the indirect effect of the structural dimension of social capital was not significant. Among the suggestions of this research is launching courses and holding short-term courses by active educational centers in the province.

The agricultural sector is going to face enormous challenges in order to feed the 9.6 billion people that the FAO predicts are going to inhabit the planet by 2050: food production must increase by 70% by 2050, and this has to be achieved. The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) that is the hot points in the Internet field has shown a new direction of innovative research in agricultural domain. Hence, in this research we seek to identify the applications of IoT in smart agriculture. This research is an applied research in nature and it would be classified as qualitative regarding data collection. In order to identify the usages of IoT in smart agriculture with the help of meta-synthesis approach, at first we have examined 480 researches among which only 168 have been selected for the final analysis, then we categorized them in 8 area of agriculture that consist of “farming”, “greenhouse”, “urban agriculture”, “Smart Gardening”, “smart fishery”, “smart forestry”, “smart livestock” and “smart supply and distribution network”. based on data analysis applications in 6 categories of “monitoring”, “control”, “tracing”, “diagnosis” and “descriptive planning” are categorized. Finally, agricultural area based on sustainable development indicators are respectively: smart greenhouse, smart supply and distributions network of agriculture, smart livestock, smart Gardening, smart fishery, smart farming, smart forestry and smart urban agriculture.

Destruction Dimensions the environment has reached such a volume that modern man no change in their thinking and behavior will ever be able to its environmental problems, to find a solution. Rural behavior in dealing with the resource base a determining role in conservation the environment. The main purpose of this study is logic analysis of the effects the dimensions of innovation and attitude on the behavior environmental the rural in relation to conservation technology. The statistical population of this study was consisted of 109679 households. Appling Cochran formula a sample consisted of 250 households were surveyed. The main instrument of this descriptive research was questionnaire. Face validity of questionnaire was approved by faculty members of University of Tehran agricultural extension and education department, and reliability of which was approved by computing Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSS win18 software in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that most rural are moderate to low environmental behavior. The dimensions of innovation "compatibility, observability, trialability, relative advantage and complexity" and environmental attitudes, respectively compatibility, observability, complexity and environmental attitudes on behavior rural environmental impact.

The aim of this paper was to study entrepreneurial organization's concept and dimensions. Change is one of the main features of the contemporary world and managers in order to achieve organizational goals are forced to pay attention to this issue. If we want to achieved to organizational goals (Including the survival and profitability), we need to deal with dynamics and change to do a good reaction. The entrepreneurial organization is one of the new organization faces that have been proposed in recent years. In this paper, key concepts of entrepreneur organization, the benefits and importance of this type of organization and its critical success factors are examined. Necessary procedures and actions for design and implementation of the entrepreneurial organization are characterized. Entrepreneurial organization's future challenges will be discussed. Entrepreneurial organization (with innovation and effective use of resources) uses opportunities for achieving to organizational goals.

Due to importance of export and necessity of innovation in exported products and as a result, adaption to global markets, this study has been investigated the effects of innovation on total and agricultural export during 1976-2010, by using vector error correction model. For this purpose, the share of export in GDP, foreign direct investment, labor productivity, number of patents and trade mark has been used as indicators of innovation. Results indicate that labor productivity has positive effect on both agricultural and total export. Also foreign direct investment and patents have direct relationships with total export. Trade mark has direct relationship with agricultural export too. According to the results, it is recommended that the level of efficiency and productivity increase by training labors until with technology changes, improve skills of labors as well as develop society.

Organizations to survive and maintaining their positive and constructive role, are needed new thinking and ideas in order to ensure their own dynamic, otherwise they will be condemned to decay and destruction. One of the factors in the incidence of innovation is the organizational culture that could be promoter or inhibitor of innovation in the organization. In the meantime, according to the main function of the universities which is expanding frontiers of science and knowledge production and being as the origin and foundation of science, creativity and innovation, innovativeness in higher education system is more important and necessary than any other organization. In this regard, this study aimed to Explaining role of organizational culture in the innovation of faculty members in Khuzestan university system. The statistical population of this study consisted of all of faculty members in Khuzestan university (N=120), and regarding to their numbers, questionnaires were sent to all of them. Finally 108 of the questionnaires were completed and returned to the researcher. The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by the panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (α> 0.70). Data analysis was done by SPSSwin18 software. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between all components of organizational culture variable and level of innovation among faculty members (P

Increasing need to include marketing in agricultural cooperative activities، in one hand، and a need to adapt traditional cooperative to new situation، on the otherhand، have caused agricultural cooperatives، especially in developed countries، in response to new demand facing fundamental changes. One of these innovations is development of market – oriented cooperatives with special characteristics called «new generation cooperatives». This paper aims، first، to review some criticism made in the literature in relation to traditional cooperative principles، second، reviewing the principles and new experiences related to new generation cooperatives and finally، pointing out lessons that could be learned from these experiences to assist policy makers in order to bring about some reforms in the structure of agricultural cooperatives in Iran.

Several evidence indicate that even though a lot of new ideas generate in the minds of individuals, but few have reached the operational stage by start-up new enterprise, product or service that indicate the complexity of idea operational process. Development of ideation and operating of new ideas in trainees of Iranian Technical and Vocational Training Organization can play effective role in increasing productivity and income in new business. Therefore, this study examines the importance and necessity of ideation and new idea generation in technical and vocational training. Research method is document study relevant to organizational ideas, business ideas, creativity and innovation in business to explore how new idea generate and operate. This paper first discusses the definition and concepts of business idea, formation and factor affecting the generation and development of new idea are the other issues raised in this article. Then the necessity of consideration entrepreneurial idea in technical and vocational training is explored. Understanding how identifies business ideas and its origin, and the importance of need assessment of business ideas will be discussed. Finally, some suggestion for more considering the ideas of trainees, formulation training based on business idea to improve the effectiveness of technical and vocational training is provided.

Since the economic performance of industries is dependent to their capacity for innovation، the innovation management skills of managers in small food industries were studied in this research. Data was gathered using questionnaire which addressed managers of small food industries in rural areas of Tehran province. The study was conveyed in 2009 and 2010 and 111 questionnaires was filled up. Heckman Model was used in order to studying the influencing factors on the level of innovation management. Findings showed a positive effect from environmental factor and communication with producer's factor on innovativeness. Among the innovative firms، the influencing factors on the level of innovation management skills included the firm characteristics with negative