barriers

This research investigates the barriers farmers face in adapting to drought. The statistical population comprises all farmers in Bavi County. Using cluster sampling with proportional assignment based on the Kerjesi and Morgan table, a sample size of 350 farmers was selected. The primary research tool was a questionnaire with a Likert scale, validated by a group of subject experts and confirmed for reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS and Lisrel software. The results indicated that some farmers lacked a proper understanding of drought, rainfall, and temperature patterns in the region. Moreover, "land leveling" and "use of local knowledge" emerged as the most important strategies for adapting to drought. The main obstacles identified were "lack of access to timely weather information" and "lack of access to water resources." Finally, confirmatory factor analysis classified the obstacles into economic, infrastructural, technical and informational, and social-human factors.

In recent decades, given the widespread use of organic agriculture around the world, health care earth organic and healthy food production for a growing population increased interest in organic products to world markets, Iran is considered in the development of organic farming. The purpose of this study was to invest the limitations of development of organic farming by cross – correlation method. The population of this study were experts from the Ministry of Jihade-Agriculture (N =114), on the basis of Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size Table, a sample of 85 people was determined. Sampling and selection of a society was stratified random sampling method. The main instrument of data collection was a questionnaire which its validity has been confirmed by experts. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.95. Data analysis revealed four main obstacles structural institutional, socio-cultural, technical and protectionist barriers. These items covered 85.8% of total variation related to limitations of development of organic farming. According to the results, the development of organic farming requires more and more development of institutional and structural infrastructure to rely on it and plan to provide basic education in order to enhance the level of know-how of producers as well as provide the necessary support from them. The barriers and limitations of organic farming development have been paved.