salinity

This study was conducted to evaluate whether vermicompost production from various plant residualscould improve the biomass and essential oil properties of Zarrin-giah (Dracocephalum kotschyiBoiss.).

In this experiment, different types of vermicompost were prepared from five residual biomasses ofchamomile, madder, licorice, valerian, and pistachio with cow dung andEisenia fetidaworms. Subsequently,Zarrin-giah plants were treated with 0, 10%, and, 20% of vermicompost. After 176 days, plants were harvested,and the influence of treatments on Zarrin-giah biomass and phytochemical properties was evaluated.

The use of vermicompost improved plant biomass and phytochemical traits. The highest Zarrin-giah essential oil contents were noted with 20% vermicompost derived from madder and pistachio waste.Neral,α-pinene, geranial, geranyl acetate, and limonene were identified as the main chemical compounds,with the best results observed at 10% vermicompost amendment. Samples amended with 10% and 20%vermicompost from pistachio waste and 10% vermicompost from valerian waste had the highest antioxidantactivity (displaying the lowest IC50 values of 19.29, 19.26, and 20.25μg/mL, respectively). Vermicompostderived from licorice waste improved Zarrin-giah biomass, with yields of 29.05 and 27.93 g/plant at 20% and10%, respectively. Moreover, significant differences in substrate nutrient recycling and electrical conductivitywere observed among various treatments.

High electrical conductivity levels indicate a salinity issue in vermicomposts derived frompistachio and madder waste. Nonetheless, these treatments positively affected substrates, enhancing theantioxidant activity and essential oil content of the medicinal plant Zarrin-giah, which were the primaryobjectives of this research.

Rice is the most important staple crop around the globe which has been prone to low productivitydue to various abiotic factors. To address this challenge, we researched to describe the effect of biofertilizerson the mor-pho-physiology of rice seedlingsin-vitroandin-vivoconditions under salt stress.

The effects of biofertilizers on the growth characteristics of Rice were assessed inin-vitroand undersalt stress inin-vivoon the open-pollinated, non-aromatic rice variety Pk-386. Different treatments of theindividual biofertilizer and the biofertilizer combination were used to assess their effects on germination,plant length, fresh weight, dry weight, moisture percentage, vigor, and chlorophyll content of the leaves.

Inin-vitro, the best root length was obtained from Biozote+Trichoderma(BT) of (7.00) cm.A substantial increase in plant fresh weight was obtained from Reclaimer (R) with a weight of (47.33)milligrams. Inin-vivo, the longest shoot length was observed in Reclaimer’s 0 mM (15.23), and the highestroot length was obtained from the Reclaimer (R) 75 mM of (12.33). Vigor (2517.66) in Reclaimer’s 75 Mm.A fresh weight of (900.33) milligrams was obtained from Reclaimer’s 75 mM. The Reclaimer (R) 25 mMtreatment with (78.80%) moisture was found to have the highest moisture percentage.

Based on the findings of this study, biofertilizer, and biofertilizer mixture inin-vitroconditionshave resulted in a considerable increase in rice seedling growth. In contrast,in-vivoconditions, Reclaimertreatment shows remarkable results.

Salinity is a devastating abiotic stress that poses serious risks to agricultural sustainability and global food security. The yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] is adversely affected by salinity stress. The research was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic amendments on the physiological and yield parameters of okra plants under saline conditions.

In a pot experiment, okra plants were grown in non-saline and saline (50 mM sodium chloride) soil supplemented with municipal solid waste compost, farmyard manure (FYM), and press mud, each applied individually or in various combinations (Compost + FYM, FYM + Press mud and Compost + Press mud).

Salinity stress significantly reduced relative water content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, fruit length, fruit diameter, no. of fruits per plant, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight, fruit yield per plant, no. of seeds per pod and 100 seeds weight of okra plants, compared to control. Under saline conditions, 5% (FYM + Press mud) was the most effective treatment in significantly improving stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, no. of fruits per plant, fruit dry weight, and fruit yield per plant of okra, compared to saline soil.

Application of 5% (FYM + Press mud) could improve the physiological and yield parameters of okra grown in saline soil (50 mM Sodium chloride) by mitigating adverse effects of salinity and could be used as a cost-effective and bio-rationale approach for alleviation of salinity stress in crops to attain agricultural sustainability.

The article reports on field studies investigating the impact of different doses of birch biochar on the agro-physical and agrochemical properties of degraded irrigated soils in the Akdalinsky irrigation massif in Southeast Kazakhstan. Applying biochar at rates of 15-20 ton ha-1 as part of the primary soil treatment enhances soil bulk density. It increases the proportion of agriculturally valuable and water-stable aggregates in the plow layer. Notable improvements were observed in the content of labile humus and available phosphorus. These enhancements in soil properties lead to increased productivity in rice crop rotations due to both the immediate and residual effects of biochar application under moldboard plowing. Rice and spring wheat yields rise mainly due to improved tillering, while soybean yields benefit from increased pod formation.

The oil-oxidizing 1/8an strain was isolated from the oil-contaminated soil in the Atyrau region, Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequences, the strain was identified as Pusillimonas thiosulfatoxidans. The strain effectively decomposed crude oil at 10 and 30 ℃ and showed the ability to degrade oil at 50 ℃. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that the strain degraded medium- and long-chain n-alkanes. The strain degraded oil in high salinity (up to 10%). The study of the influence of the medium's pH on oil degradation showed that the strain degraded oil in both acidic (pH 5) and alkaline (pH 9) environments. The strain degraded both light and heavy oils. Thus, the P. thiosulfatoxidans 1/8an strain can be used in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils under extreme conditions.

Purpose :

In this study, the role of compost application in alleviating salt stress effects on date palm seedlings growth and development was investigated.

Method:

 The experiment was set in a randomized design, with or without green waste-based compost, and under two salinity levels (0 and 240 mM NaCl). Growth, mineral uptake, photosynthetic pigments content, oxidative stress markers' accumulation and antioxidant activity were assessed.

Results :

Plants grown under saline condition showed low values of growth attributes while the application of compost increased these attributes under 240 mM NaCl. Salinity increased sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl-) ions concentration in plants and reduced phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) uptake. The presence of compost mitigated these effects by improving the concentrations of the essential elements (P, K+, N and Ca2+) in both plant shoots and roots and by limiting salt ion (Na+ and Cl-) toxicity and thereby induced higher K/Na and Ca/Na ratios. Furthermore, leaf water status, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic efficiency were increased and were coupled with high chlorophyll and protein concentrations in plants amended with compost under salt stress. NaCl stress induced high lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation; however, the application of compost lowered these two parameters in stressed plants through stimulation of the antioxidant enzymes activity and increasing soluble sugars and proline accumulation.

Conclusion :

Results suggest that the green waste-based compost can boost date palm seedlings tolerance in salt-affected soils by mitigating the different adverse effects of salinity stress.

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of salinity on varieties of mung seed germination in pot conditions a research was performed in summer 2013 in the Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Ahvaz. These experiments were  performed in factorial mode in the form of completely randomized designs with two treatments and four replications. The first treatment included hybrid VC6371A, hybrid VC6371B and local Parto varieties. The second treatment included different levels of salinity based on electrical conductivity (EC) of the medium including: zero (control), 16, 12, 8 and 4 ds/m. The analysis was performed in the pot. In these experiments the germination traits such as germination percentage (G%), rate of germination (ROG), mean daily germination (MDG), the mean time of germination (MTG) and daily germination speed (DGS). The results showed that the interactive effects of varieties and different levels of salinity have significant effect on most of the traits under study. Also the varieties and levels of salinity had significant effect on ROG and G% (p < 0.05). In this experiment the specific variables such as ROG and G% of Parto variety were  higher than the hybrid varieties; thus germination of the local Parto variety had greater resistance than the mentioned varieties under high salinity. Thus this appropriate trait could have a significant impact on increasing the final yield of this variety.