آرایش کاشت

Optimal planting pattern and proper nutritional management, especially the vital element of nitrogen, are among the most important and influential factors on the quantitative and qualitative traits of tomatoes. Two experiments were performed in two regions in Agricultural Research Stations of Bushehr Province in 2017-18 crop year in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot consisted of two planting patterns (single row and twin row) and the sub-plot consisted of four nitrogen levels (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg ha-1 nitrogen). The results showed that the interaction effect of nitrogen × planting pattern in Bondarooz region had a significant effect on single plant yield, vitamin C, pH and partial factor productivity of nitrogen. In Saadabad region, the interaction of planting pattern and nitrogen on the number of locules per fruit and total soluble solids was significant. In Bondarooz, the highest and lowest single plant yields were obtained by application of 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen in single row planting method and without nitrogen application in twin row planting method, respectively. In Saadabad, application of 270 kg ha-1 nitrogen increased the yield of single plant by 116% compared to no application of fertilizer. The most important reason for the difference in yields between two regions was the amount of soil organic matter.

The Sahandi savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) is a native medicinal species of Iran, which is exposed to extinction. Organic farming of this species in low input systems has an important role to protect this valuable genetic reserve. To evaluate the essential oil content and components of the savory in natural habitat and field conditions, an experiment was conducted to investigate the plant growth responses to different fertilizer and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) density (0, 6, 12 and 18 plants/m2) in two planting patterns (rectangles, zigzag). The experiment was carried out in factorial based on RCBD with three replications at the Qazvin Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center during 2010 to 2012. The nutrient treatments included NPK plus foliar application of micronutrients, four tons/ha vermicompost, two tons/ha vermicompost plus 40 liters/ha vermi-tea (liquid formulation of vermicompost). At the flowering stage, the essential oil content and compounds were measured in both samples of field and natural habitats. The effect of planting pattern was not significant. The highest content of essential oils in first harvest (28.38%) and in second harvest (46.04%) were obtained from organic fertilizer treatments, two tons vermicompost 40 liters vermin-tea and four tons vermicompost, respectively. These treatments were superior to the savory harvested from natural habitats. The essential oil content of savory under competition of redroot pigweed at all densities were higher than the natural habitats and the highest content in first and second harvest (30.41% and 51.80%) was obtained at 18 plants/m2 pigweed density. In all fertilizer treatments, the content of thymol in comparison to natural habitats (38.49%) was superior and the highest content (42.95%) was obtained with application of four tons vermicompost. In the absence of weed, the Sahandi savory produced the greatest content of thymol (45.18%) compared to the savory grown in natural habitats.

In order to evaluate the effects of cultivar and planting pattern on soybean seed yield and yield components a split plot experimental design based on completely block design in three replications was carried out during spring in Bay-e-cola Agricultural Research Station with an elevation of 4 m over sea level and average rain fall of 514 mm. There were three cultivars namely: BP, JK and 032 as main plot and six planting patterns namely: 20×5, 20×10, 30×5, 30×10, 40×5, 40×10 cm2 as sub plot. The results obtained showed that maximum 100-seed weight in main stem and minimum number of seed per pod in main stem obtained in JK cultivars and maximum number of pod in main stem obtained in BP. It was observed that seed yield was not significantly affected among the cultivars. The maximum seed yield obtained for 40x10 cm2 pattern with 951.7g.2m2, coinciding with maximum number of pod per plant and seed per pod in main stem. It was also observed that maximum number of pod in main stem obtained at the interaction effects of BP cultivar at 40x10 cm2 where as the minimum number of empty pod in main stem obtained for BP as 30x5 cm2. Maximum seed yield observed at interaction effects of BP and 30x10 cm2.

To examine the effects of plant arrangement and plant density on yield and agronomical characteristics of corn (Zea mays) single cross 704، a field experiment was conducted in 2007 at experimental farm of Islamic Azad University، Bojnourd Branch. This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design arranged in a split plot with three replications. Plant arrangements (A1: single row، A2: double row with 15 cm space and A3: double row with 20 cm space) were as main plots and plant densities (D1:7، D2:8 and D3:9 plants/m²) were as subplots. The results showed that most characters such as grain yield، forage yield، harvest index، number of kernels in row and kernel weight increased by changing of plant arrangement from single row to double row. Also by increasing plant density، traits such as plant height، grain yield and forage yield increased، but characters such as harvest index، number of kernels in row and kernel weight decreased. It was concluded that by using double plant arrangement the inter plant competition was decreased and therefore، higher grain yield could be obtained.