بالنگو (lallemantia royleana benth

In order to investigate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the seed flavonoid content, qualitative and germination characteristics of lady’s mantle (Lallemantia royleana Benth.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2013-2014 crop year. Experimental factors included sowing date at two levels (autumn and spring) and chemical fertilizer at three levels (without fertilizer, half application of required fertilizer (23 kg ha-1 pure N+ 50.6 kg ha-1 P2O5) and full application of required fertilizer (46 kg ha-1 pure N+ 101.2 kg ha-1 P2O5). Flavonoid measurement of the seeds was performed weekly from flowering to seed ripening. The results of the mean comparison showed that the highest seed germination percentage was obtained at autumn sowing (74.8%) with an increase of 11.6% compared to spring sowing and at the full application of required fertilizer (88.6%) with an increase of 73.4% compared to without fertilizer. The application of chemical fertilizer and autumn cultivation of lallemantia significantly increased the percentage of seed mucilage compared to control. Seven days after flowering, the highest flavonoid content was obtained at spring sowing (0.264 mg quercetin per g sample) with an increase of 63.97% compared to autumn sowing, and at no fertilizer treatment (0.282 mg quercetin per g sample) with an increase of 90.54% compared to the full application of required fertilizer (0.148 mg quercetin per g sample). Twenty-eight days after flowering, the highest flavonoid content was obtained at spring sowing (0.554 mg quercetin per g sample) and no fertilizer treatment (0.629 mg quercetin per g sample). In general, the results showed that the autumn sowing date and full application of required chemical fertilizer increased the seed quality in terms of mucilage percentage and germination, but the spring sowing date and no fertilizer treatment increased the flavonoid content of lallemantia seeds.

In order to study the effect of sowing date and different amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the grain yield, mucilage production, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, utilization and use efficiency in Lallemantia royleana Benth., a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in medicinal plants research center  of Shahed University. The treatments included two levels of sowing date (autumn planting in the second week of November (2013) and spring planting in the second week of March (2014)) and three levels of nitrogen and phosphorus (control (without fertilizer), 50%: Npure 23 kg ha-1 + P2O5 50.6 kg ha-1 and 100%: Npure 46 kg ha-1 + P2O5 101.2 kg ha-1). The results showed that the interaction between sowing date and fertilizer application was significant on grain yield, mucilage production, and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, utilization and use efficiency. At 50% fertilizer in both sowing dates, the amount of grain yield and mucilage production was obtained 377.15 kg ha-1 and 23.45%, respectively. The highest nitrogen utilization and use (respectively, 33.86 and 5 kg kg-1 at 50% fertilizer) and uptake efficiency (0.13 kg kg-1 at 100% fertilizer) were obtained in autumn planting. The highest phosphorus uptake and utilization efficiency (respectively, 0.06 and 11 kg kg1) was observed at 50% fertilizer in spring planting. The results showed the importance of nitrogen in Lallemantia royleana production in both sowing dates.

This research was aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on grain yield and qualitative characteristics of three populations of Lallemantia royleana Benth. The study was conducted in the research farm of Collage of Agriculture of Shahed University. This study was conducted in a split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during 2013-2014. The experimental factors consisted of four levels of drought stress as the main plots including control or soil water potential (SWP) of -0.5atm as field capacity (FC), soil water potential (SWP) of -3.5 atm as moderate stress, soil water potential (SWP) of -6.5 atm as relatively sever stress, and soil water potential (SWP) of -9 atm as severe stress. The Balangu populations including Mashhad, Kerman, and Taleghan were considered as sub-plots. The traits measured included grain yield, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, mucilage percent, turgor factor, and proline content. The results showed that the population and the interaction of drought stress and population had significant effects on chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, proline and grain yield at the 1% level. The effect of drought stress was found to be significant on grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, leaf proline content (P

In order to evaluate the effects of autumn and spring sowing date and different amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on qualitative characteristics and seed germination of Lallemantia (Lallemantia royleana Benth.), a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was conducted in Medicinal Plant Research Center of the Shahed University during 2013-2014. The factors were sowing date at two levels (autumn and spring) and chemical fertilizer at three levels (without fertilizer, half dose of fertilizer (23 kg/ha N 50.6 kg/ha P2O5) and full doze of fertilizer (46 kg/ha N 101.2 kg/ha P2O5). Results for analysis of variance showed that the effect of sowing date on percentage of mucilage, germination percentage, mean germination time and germination rate, Catalase activity during grain filling, percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus was significant however on seed vigor index (SVI-II) was not-significant. The effect of chemical fertilizers on all traits was significant. The interaction effect of sowing date and fertilizer was not significant on all traits except the Catalase activity, percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus. Mean comparison showed that the highest seed germination percentage (74.815) was related to the autumn sowing and full amount of fertilizer (88.611). Regarding to the sowing date, the highest percentage of germination was related to the fall sowing (74.81) and regarding to fertilizer application, the full amount of fertilizer had the highest germination percentage (88.81). The highest catalase activity was 28 days after flowering in the autumn sowing and control (0.0075), and the lowest catalase activity was 7 days after flowering in spring planting and full dose of fertilizer (0.0014). For high germination indices, fertilizer and fall planting is recommended. Generally, results showed that fall sowing date and full dose of chemical fertilizer (46 kg/ha N and 101.2 kg/ha P2O5) produced seeds with higher seed vigor compared to other treatments.