happiness

The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between positive and negative affect and happiness with attitudes toward organic products including organic medicinal plants, organic fruits and animal products in Iranian women. The descriptive-correlational method was used, and the statistical population included Iranian women were selected 201 of them by convenience sampling. In this study, positive and negative affect questionnaires, Oxford Happiness Inventory, and attitudes toward organic products (medicinal plants, organic fruits and animal products) were used. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression. Findings showed a positive and significant relationship between positive affect and attitudes toward organic products in Iranian women and a negative and significant relationship between negative affect and attitudes toward organic products in Iranian women (p <0.01). There is also a significant positive relationship between happiness and attitudes toward organic products in Iranian women (p <0.01). Therefore, findings suggest that psychologists and counselors can increase happiness and positive affect by strengthening the attitude towards organic products in Iranian women.

Human well-being is one of the main goals of sustainable rural development. Indeed, human well-being demonstrates rural societies’ quality of life. This concept consists of objective and subjective well-being dimensions. Although it is assumed that objective well-being is rationally related to subjective well-being, this relationship has not been fully confirmed in past studies. Three main reasons including the geographical level of assessment, the type of data used, and different epistemological perspectives have separated objective well-being assessment from the subjective one. We used the same geographical level, type of data used, as well as epistemological perspective in order to evaluate the relationship between objective well-being and subjective well-being among rice farmers. Using a questionnaire, a survey was carried out among 384 rice farmers (Response rate= 92.3%) in the main rice cultivation areas in Iran. The study sample was chosen by a two-stages cluster random sampling technique. Face to face personal interview was also used as the form of data collection. The results of structural equation modeling illustrated that farmers’ perception of economic, social, and environmental well-being as objective well-being domains significantly explained their subjective well-being constructs including happiness as well as life satisfaction. In fact, life satisfaction and happiness would be changed once farmers mentally perceive objective well-being domains. Therefore, objective well-being indicators can affect subjective well-being constructs, including life satisfaction and happiness, if they are assessed based on farmers’ self-evaluation.