جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "گلخانه" در نشریات گروه "گیاهپزشکی"

Tomato early blight caused by Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima and A. solani, occurs in a wide range of environmental conditions. Effectiveness of fluxapyroxad+difenoconazole (Dagonis® SC12.5%), tetraconazole+azoxystrobin (Affiance® SC17%) and mandipropamid+difenoconazole (Carial Star® SC 50%) fungicides were evaluated in the control of tomato early blight disease in comparison with boscalid+pyraclostrobin (Signum® WG33.4%) fungicide. Dagonis® at the rates of 800, 1000 and 1200 ml/ha, Affiance® 450, 600 and 750 ml/ha, Carial Star® 400, 550 and 700 ml/ha and Signum® 500 gr/ha and the control group (no fungicide application). The experiments were carried out under the field condition in Fars and Hormozgan provinces, and under greenhouse condition in Alborz province. The disease severity index and area under the disease progress curve were calculated. The results showed that Affiance® at the rates of 600 and 750 ml/ha with 48-82% efficacy, Dagonis® at the rate of 1200 ml/ha with 50-70% efficacy and Signum® at the rate of 500 gr/ha with the efficacy of 48-75% were effective in controlling tomato early blight disease. Although Carial Star® fungicide with the amount of 700 ml/ha was less effective (45-55%) as compared to aforementioned fungicides, but its average efficiency can be justified. Therefore, Affiance®, Dagonis® and Signum® fungicides, at the rates of 600, 1200 ml/ha and 500 gr/ha, respectively, and Carial Star® fungicide (in the early stages of the disease) at the rate of 700 ml/ha are recommended to control tomato early blight disease.

Eggplant greenhouse cultivations in last two /three years found under progressing and intensive spider mite damages observed for the first time in Varamin region.  Effects of two new botanical pesticides, Mariapro+Coverino-M, Bio-2, in comparison of propargite 57% EC and tetradifon v/w 7.52% were evaluated against Tetranychus urticae red color population on round black eggplants variety 1574 in greenhouse during spring season of 2021 in Varamin region. Spraying of treatments done with wheel burrow sprayer and effects of the them carried out by random 15 leaves collected from each treatment at one day before and 3,7and 15 days after. Mite active stages on 2cm2 on middle under side of eggplant leaf recorded by help of stereomicroscope. Abbott formula used to convert raw data in to mortality%. Mean mite mortality% of treatments analyzed with SAS software. Minimum and maximum mean active mite stages for 2ml/l Tetradifon (25.83 mites) and 1.5 ml/l of Bio-2 (44.50 mite) recorded respectively. Pesticide control effects showed a statistical significant (p<0.05) at different interval times. Higher effects (100%) for both propargite doses recorded at 3rd and 7th day of interval periods and least mortality% (58.92%) observed for tetradifon 2ml/l at 15 days’ interval time. Low slop mite mortality% found at decreasing level until 15 days for most of treatments. Spraying old registered acaricides recommended at higher spider mite infestation before harvesting period. Both new botanical pesticides can provide mite control damages during eggplant fruiting time and producing organic vegetables under greenhouses.

Tuta absoluta is one of the most important tomato pests in Yazd province. Geographic Information System (GIS) with integrated, accurate and timely information, which is the most important part of any management program, can be used to solve pest management issues. In order to determine and evaluate the distribution pattern of tomato leaf miner, a 1-hectare tomato greenhouse was selected around Yazd city. Data on pest population density were obtained through random sampling from the greenhouse surface. Based on the results of the nearest neighbor method, the distribution pattern in these communities in the beginning and middle of the cultivation was cumulative and at the end of the season was uniform. The Ripley k method also showed that the dispersion pattern was cumulative at the beginning and middle of the culture, which tends to disperse more with increasing distance. This pattern was observed uniformly at the end of the growing season. As a result of these two methods, this pest has a cumulative distribution in the early and middle of the growing season, so it is possible to control it according to the location in the greenhouse. The spatial distribution map of the pest was drawn through Kriging model in all parts of the greenhouse.

Twist disease of wheat caused by Dilophospora alopecuri is one of the diseases that is observed along with wheat seed gall nematode (Anguina tritici) in Golestan province. In order to investigate the pathogenicity of the fungus, an experiment was performed in two cases including inoculation of the fungus alone, D. alopecuri and the nematode together and nematode alone on 4 cultivars of wheat known as Ehsan, Kouhdasht, Morvarid and Line 17 under greenhouse condition. Traits such as decrease of dry weight of infected plant, decrease of plant height, number of fungus-infected plants, number of spike infected by the fungus, number of nematode-infected plants, total weight of nematode galls, number of nematode galls and average galls weight per plant were measured in different cultivars. The analysis was performed using SAS software, and the comparison of the means was achieved by the LSD test. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction between D. alopecuri and wheat cultivars and the effect of the fungus on the measured indices in wheat cultivars was significant. The results showed that D. alopecuri can cause disease on wheat only in the presence of A. tritici and the presence of nematode is necessary for fungal pathogenicity and its distribution in the wheat spike.

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant yield losses in a wide range of crops. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most important plant-parasitic nematodes, because they widely distributed all around the world and have wide host range. Chemical nematicide is one of the primary means of control for plant-parasitic nematodes. Due to negative impact of synthetic nematicides, it will be necessary to develop other management strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes which are safe for the environment and humans. Latest interest in organic farming lead to substitution for conventional nematicides by low-risk compounds such as natural products derived from plants. Also, biological control is an interesting option to control these nematodes. Effective microorganisms (EM®) consist of a mixture of live cultures of microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, which they are reported to reduce the incidence of pathogenic microorganisms.

In the present study, the aerial parts of the marigold (Tagetes erecta) were collected from Shiraz, Iran. Marigold leaves dried in shade and finely grinded using an electric grinder and a stock solution (10% w/v) was prepared. Seeds of tomato (cv. Early-Urbana) were sown in plastic pots containing 1500 g of a sterilized mixture of farm soil (sandy loam soil) and cow manure. The pots were kept under greenhouse conditions with 16:8 h light to dark photoperiod and 27 ± 4 °C. Four-leaf stage seedlings were soil-drenched (50 ml per plant) with EM® or a mixture of equal amount of EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 5, 10, 15 and 20% and simultaneously inoculated with a suspension of M. javanica (6000 eggs per pot). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five replications. Sixty days after nematode inoculation, plants were harvested and the vegetative indices including shoots length, shoot fresh and dry weight and root fresh weight and the nematode population indices including the number of eggs as described by Hussey and Barker (1973), number of galls and egg masses per root system as described by Taylor and Sasser (1978) and the number of second stage juveniles (J2s) in the pot were recorded. Finally, the reproduction factor calculated as described by Sasser and Taylor (1978). Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for plant growth parameters and two-way ANOVA for nematode population indices using SAS 9.1 program (Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc., USA). Treatment means were compared using least significance differences (LSD) at p<0.01.

Results showed that soil drenching of EM® and EM®+ marigold leaf extract increased the plant growth parameters on inoculated and non-inoculated plants as compared to control. The treatment with EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20% was the most effective treatment and increased shoot length, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight of non-inoculated plants by 33, 39 and 11% respectively, as compared to non-inoculated control plants. In the case of inoculated plants, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight of treated plats with EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20% were 34, 31, 15 and 11% higher than inoculated control plants. The number of eggs and egg masses per root system and the reproduction factor were significantly reduced in treated plants with EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 15 and 20%. EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20% reduced the number of eggs, galls, egg masses per root system and the reproduction factor by 28, 40, 37 and 27% respectively, as compared to control. The lowest numbers of egg masses were observed in the root system of tomato plants treated with EM®+ marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20%. It had significant difference than other treatments, except EM® at the rate of 20%. These data for the first time in Iran, suggest that EM® might have utility in controlling root-knot nematodes. A mixture of EM® and marigold leaf extract was more effective than alone application of EM® for control of M. javanica. Findings from this study, suggest that a mixture of equal amount of EM® and marigold leaf extract at the rate of 20% reduced M. javanica reproduction rates in tomato plants grown in greenhouse.

Phytonemus pallidus (Banks) reported for first time from New York in 1898. At present, cyclamen mite has a worldwide distribution on cultivated strawberry plant in different states of USA, South American countries, Japan, Taiwan, Korean republic, South Africa and European countries like The Netherland and Turkey (Denmark, 2016). Host ranges of cyclamen mite has been reported on African violet, begonia, gerbera, ivy, chrysanthemums, geranium, fuchsia, larkspur, petunia, snapdragon (Denmark, 2016).This mite is exotic pest to strawberry plants in Iran. For the first time this mite found on Parvous, Queen Eliza, Kurdistan, Aromas, Camarosa, and Selva strawberry varieties in Kurdistan province of Iran (Kamangar et al., 2016). After that, the mite also collected on different weed species such as Senecio sp., Lamium amplexicaule, Polygonum lapathifolium, Amaranthus sp., Plantago sp. Sencio vulgaris, Veronica persica and Malva sylvestris in Kurdistan province (Mansour Ghazi, 2018). The first invasive cyclamen mite damages on greenhouse strawberry observed on sabrina and camarosa varieties in range of 16-22 degree Celsius and above70% relative humidity during autumn season in several greenhouses of strawberry in Hashtgerd vicinity of Alborz province. Developmental stages of this mite consist of egg, larvae, pharate female, adult male and female. Male and female of cyclamen mite easily distinguished through fourth pair of legs which tarsus of male terminated  with strong claw, used for holding and carry pharate female stage for mating  while tibia and tarsus segments of fourth pair of legs in female, combined  together ending with two long and short setae. Color of larvae and pharate female are whitish whereas female and male changed into yellowish color. The main damages of cyclamen mite caused by injecting toxin to newly emerged leaves, petioles of leaf, sepal of flower, changing color of infested plant parts into brown, reduce growth, protect fruit formation and death of infested plants finally. Sometimes, these symptom of injuries initially may confused with phytoplasma diseases on strawberry plants. Results of biological control studies of cyclamen mite by two phytoseiid predatory mites (Neoseiulus californicus (McGroger), N. cucumeris (Oudemans) revealed that, 76% control achieved on active P. pallidus stages only (Easterbrook et al., 2001). Most of sign of cyclamen mite injuries observed around heating system and hot air blowing direction on Camarosa and Sabrina strawberry varieties in the greenhouses in Hashtgerd vicinity of Alborz province. Free strawberry seedling from cyclamen mite infestation protect cultivated plants from further severity mite damages during growing and harvesting periods.

Cucumber powdery mildew disease which is caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum, is one of the most important diseases of cucumber in Iran and world. In this study, the efficacy of two new fungicides, Safir® SC 32.5% and Diforobin SC 32.5%, in the control of cucumber powdery mildew disease were evaluated. Experiments were carried out in Alborz and Tehran provinces in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications under greenhouse conditions. Treatments included 0.5, 0.6 and 0.75 ml/L of Safir®; 0.5, 0.75 and 1 ml/L of Diforobin; 0.4 ml/L of tetraconazol (Domark® EC 10%) and 5 g/L of bicarbonate potassium (Kaliban® SL 85%) along with control without any spraying. Foliar applications of fungicides started once after early symptoms appearance and followed up at 5-10 days intervals. Evaluation of the treated plots were done before each spraying and 12 days after last spraying as the disease severity index (DSI). Disease severity was classified using the Horsfall and Barrat scale. Mid-point of disease severity calculated for each plant. The efficacy comparisons revealed that Safir® 0.75 ml/L, Diforobin® 0.75 and 1 ml/L and Domark® 0.4 ml/L as a standard treatment had the same effects due to statistical points and decreased the Area Under the Disease Curve by the 90% compared to unsprayed check treatment. Based on the results, the fungicides Safir® and Diforobin® may be recommended to be used for registration at 0.75 ml/L for 7 to 14-days intervals.

Background and objectives Cucumber crown and root rot, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis cucumerinum, is one of its major destructive agents in the glasshouse planting in Iran. This disease is also known as the Fusarium damping-off. Several methods, such as chemical control and agronomic methods have been recommended so far to control this disease, but none of them has established effective control over this disease. One of the newly established strategies for the management of this disease is the biological control using endophytic bacteria, which live inside plants and can enhance plant growth by improving nutrient uptake and producing phytohormones. These bacteria can compete and control the population of other bacteria and plant pathogens within plants. This study evaluated the biocontrol capability of some selected cucumber endophytic bacteria over Fusarium crown and root disease. Materials and methods Endophytic bacteria were isolated from roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds of different healthy cucumber cultivars including, Negin, Danje 98, Danje 195, Nagin and, Native Basmang. Bacterial strains were isolated from plant tissues using different culture media. In-vitro biological control assays, such as cross-culture and agar permeable metabolite assays, were performed to determine the biocontrol efficiency of endophytic bacteria against F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis cucumerinum. The bacterial strains with better results were chosen for glasshouse assay. Two isolates with significant biocontrol efficiency were selected for molecular indentification. The 16srDNA barcoding was performed using universal primers for bacterial identification. Then, the sequencing results were analyzed using MEGA-X software, and phylogenic trees were drawn using the neighbor-joining method. The selected biochemical tests confirmed the molecular results. Results and discussion A total of 140 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated and purified from roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds of some common healthy cucumber cultivars. Based on initial cross-culture, 14 isolates out of 140 isolates showed significant antagonism properties in the cross-culture and agar permeable metabolite assays, which were selected for further studies. After evaluation of the effective mechanisms, their antagonistic properties, such as the production capability of antibiotics, volatile compounds, siderophore, auxins, hydrogen cyanide, and protease enzyme, eight isolates were selected as the most potential bacterial isolates for biocontrol activity in the greenhouse. Finally, two bacterial isolates were selected for molecular identification using 16srDNA barcoding. The sequencing results indicated that the two selected isolates with 98% similarity could belong to Lysinibacillus mangiferihumi and Lyisinibaillus fusiformis species. The biochemical results confirmed the molecular results.

During 2018-2019, fauna of prostigmatid (Acari: Prostimata) mites associated with greenhouse plants were investigated in Rasht city, Guilan province, Northern Iran. In this study totally, 25 species from 20 genera and 12 families were collected and identified. The list of identified species base on family is as follows. New records for Iran and Guilan province are marked by two and one asterisks, respectively.Anystidae: Anystis baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758); Bdellidae: Cyta latirostris (Hermann, 1804)*, Spinibdella cronini (Baker and Balock, 1944); :; Camerobiidae: Tycherobius sp.**; Cheyletidae: Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum (Show, 1794), Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank, 1781), C. ferox Banks, 1906**, C. rapax Oudemans, 1903**; Cunaxidae: Armascirus cerris Kaluz, 2009**, Coleoscirus simplex (Ewing, 1917), Coleoscirus tuberculatus Den Heyer, 1978*; Erythraeidae: Abrolophus iraninejadi Saboori and Hajiqanbar, 2005, Erythraeus (Zaracarus) ueckermanni Saboori, Nowzari & Bagheri-Zenouz, 2004; Raphignathidae: Raphignathus hecmatanaensis Khanjani and Ueckermann, 2003; Tarsonemidae: Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks,1904); Tenuipalpidae: Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu, 1875, Pentamerismus ueckermanni Khanjani and Gotoh, 2008*; Tetranychidae: Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916), Petrobia (Petrobia) latens (Müller, 1776), Petrobia (Tetranychina) harti (Ewing, 1909)*; Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836; Triophtydeidae:Triophtydeus immanis Kuznetzov, 1973*, 1973; Tydeidae: Brachytydeus mali (Oudemans, 1929), Tydeus kochi Oudemans, 1928*, T. meshkinensis  André, Ueckermann and. Rahmani, 2010.

The partial resistance of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), hybrid squash (C. maxima * C. moschata), fig leaf gourd (C. ficifolia), grilled linear pumpkin, Luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca), two cucurbits nuts Khoy (C. pepo) and yellow cucurbit nuts against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp < em>. radicis-cucumerinum (Forc) causal agent of fungal root and stem rot disease of cucumber evaluated and compared with royal cucumber. The results showed that, fig leaf gourd, pumpkin, hybrid pumpkin, two cucurbits nuts Khoy 1 and 2 are resistant, Luffa, yellow nut pumpkin and grilled linear pumpkin were moderately resistant and royal cucumber was sensitive. The mean percentage of disease severity in cucumber royal (control) was 80%. The lowest disease severity was observed in hybrid pumpkin 24.16%, pumpkin 25% and fig leaf 25.83%. The results showed that graftted hybrid pumpkin with disease severity of 18.6% was the lowest and non-grafted cucumber with 82% was the highest. In terms of rootstock effect on dry root weight, pumpkin with 5.3 g had the maximum and non-grafted cucumber with 0.73 g show the lowest root weight. non-grafted cucumbers with 1.73 kg per plant were the least and cucumbers grafted on hybrid pumpkin 5.7 kg, pumpkin 1.5 kg and fig leaf gourd 5.03 kg showed the highest yield per plant. The results showed that grafting of cucumber on the cucurbit rootstocks reduced the percentage of disease severity caused by Forc.

Nematodes especially root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, are amongst the factors responsible for reducing the production of cucumber which is a suitable host for this pest. In order to investigate the efficacy of the nematicide Imicyafos (Nemakick 30% SL) four concentrations 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 l/ha of a commercial form of this nematicide  and 150 kg/ha of nemaphos (nemacur 10% G) were applied to the soil at the time of transplanting cucumber seedlings and a week earlier respectively on Sultan variety cucumber. Nemakick was able to reduce the nematode population effectively compared with the control treatment. At the dose of  2.5 and 10 l/ha it reduced the final pest density by 75% and reproduction factor by 45% but it was ineffective at the dose of  1 l/h. Nemacur  at the same  doses  as  Nemakick, decreased the nematode infestation by 49% compared with the  untreated control. Nemakick at 2/5 l/ha commercial form dose could be recommended to be used for controlling M. javanica in greenhouse cucumber production.

Early blight incited by Alternaria spp. is one of the destructive diseases of tomato which causes considerable crop yield losses. Biological control of the disease with epiphytic fungi as phyllosphere competent microorganisms is a suitable alternative to chemical pesticides. In order to isolating the fungi, healthy tomato plants were collected and small pieces of leaves and stems were placed in distilled water on a shaker and the aliquot was cultured. In search for biocontrol strains, isolated fungi were screened against the fungal pathogen (Alternaria alternata SN1–1) using dual culture as well as the volatile and non–volatile metabolites tests in vitro andeffective isolates were selected to study their efficacy on disease control under greenhouse conditions. Conidial suspension of epiphytic fungi was sprayed two times on the aerial parts of the plant in greenhouse. Two weeks after inoculation of the pathogen, the disease severity was evaluated based on a 0–9 scale. Results of screening test showed that epiphytic fungi inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen in various degrees. Maximum inhibition in dual culture, volatile and non–volatile metabolites tests were 70%, 53% and 68%, respectively. In greenhouse, the least disease indexes were recorded for the isolates F1–22 and P4––1 (81.4% disease control) together with P1–1 and P2–1 (74.4% disease control). Isolates F1–22, P4–1 and P2–1 identified as Trichoderma harzianum and isolate P1–1 identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum.

Aculops lycopersici (TRM) is an important tomato crop pest. Bioassay on registered doses of 0.75, 1.5, 2.5 ppm of GC-mite, Biomite, and Neem EC 1.8% botanical pesticides were conducted in laboratory respectively. One liter stock solution of each pesticide was used to prepare different doses (0.1-0.9 ppm) and bioassay was conducted using tomato infested leaf submerged for 5 seconds with 10 replications. Distilled water was used in control treatment. Mortality of Aculops lycopersici was determined after 24 hours for each dose on TRM and analysis was done by POLO-PC software. According to LC50 determined, minimum dose toxicity recorded was 0.22 ppm for GC-mite which shows 71% reduction compared with the registered dose. Least dose slop recorded was 1.15±0.17 for 1.79 ppm of Neem. Effective dose of each treatment was compared with 20% lower and higher than the dose obtained when 10 TRM were observed in 1cm2 in middle part of lower and upper tomato leaf in the greenhouse. Live TRM population was counted by random collection of 12 leaves from each treatment and moving mites were counted in 1cm2 area on both the sides of leaf one day before and 3,7,14 days after treatment with stereo microscope. Highest mean of mite density recorded was 100.33±17.86 in 1 cm2 on the lower side of the leaf which was two times of the upper side of the leaf. Mean percent mortality on the 3rd day showed significant differences among the treatments although the effect of the treatments at 7th and 14th day caused 83.12% to 99.75% mortality and was not significantly different (p<0.05) except for biomite treatment. The results show that all the doses effectively controlled active TRM and can be substituted with the hazardous acaricides for production of organic tomato under greenhouse conditions.

The initial step to mass production and commercialization of native entomopathogenic fungal isolates includes collection as well as evaluation of their pathogenesis on the pest. This research aims to investigate the pathogenicity of 36 local fungal isolates collected from the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran against greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Due to the variation of the collected isolates volume, a preliminary screening test carried out on the fourth instars of a model insect Galleria mellonella. Based on the obtained results, the Beauveria bassiana A1–1 isolate showed the highest mortality with an average of 75%, followed by IRAN1787C, IRAN1751C, IRAN1395C, IRAN428C and IRAN441C with mean mortality rates of 57.50, 55, 52.50, 50 and 45%, respectively. Subsequently, the isolates were selected for evaluation of vegetative growth, sporulation and bioassay tests on greenhouse whitefly. In the bioassay test, five concentrations of the isolates (104, 105, 106, 107 and 108 conidia/ml) were tested on the third–instar of whitefly nymphs, and then the parameters LC50 and LT50 of the isolates were calculated. The highest vegetative growth rate belonged to IRAN428C, IRAN1395C, A1–1, IRAN1787C, IRAN441C and IRAN1751C isolates while the highest sporulation rate belonged to IRAN1787C, A1–1, IRAN428C, IRAN1395C, IRAN441C and IRAN1751C, respectively. The results showed that the A1–1 isolate indicated the lowest LC50 and LT50 values among all used concentrations. Moreover, its vegetative growth and sporulation ranked third and second among all the collected isolates, respectively. Therefore, the A1–1 isolate is being introduced as the most effective biocontrol agent to control greenhouse whitefly.

Weed management is one of the most important aspects of successful crop production for supplying food for the rising population. Chenopodium album L. (common lambsquarter) is among the most noxious weeds in the world due to its superior biology and tremendous ecological adaptations. It causes substantial yield losses in different field crops including potato, tomato, soybean, alfalfa, watermelon, sugar beet, and so on. Therefore, management of C. album L. is crucial for optimum crop production. Chemical management is a very relevant method for controlling C. album. For decreasing costs of production, adverse and edge effects of the herbicide, optimizing herbicides performance is very essential. It seems that the use of adjuvants is the best solution method to achieve optimizing herbicides performance. Using a proper adjuvant may be affected the performance and fate of herbicide in the environment and finally may be restrict introduced to the food chain. Therefore, using proper adjuvants known as a key point in adjuvants applying technology. This study was conducted for evaluating adjuvants effects on C. album control by Bentazon+Acifluorfen and Imazethapyr herbicides. In order to study the effects of adjuvants on the performance of Bentazon+Acifluorfen and Imazethapyr on C. album control two separated experiments as factorial based on completely randomized design were conducted in the research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand in 2016. Treatments included herbicide concentration at seven levels (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dose) and adjuvant at three levels (turnip oil, citogate and without adjuvants) with four replications. For increasing seed germination and breaking seed dormancy of C. album, the seeds treated by sulfuric acid for 1 min, and then seeds washed with tap water for 10 min. Then the seeds were sown in potting trays (3 cm × 3 cm × 5 cm) filled with moistened peat. One week after sowing, at the one-leaf seedlings stages, they were transplanted to 2-L plastic pots filled with a mixture of sand, clay loam soil, and peat (1:1:1; v/v/v). The pots were sub-irrigated every two days. The seedlings were thinned to four per pot at the two-leaf stage. The spray was done at the four-leaf stage (Four weeks after sowing) by using a chargeable sprayer equipped with an 8002 flat fan nozzle tip delivering 250 L ha-1 at 2 bar spray pressure. Four weeks after spraying, the above ground tissue and roots of plant were harvested, oven dried and weighted. The results of these experiments showed that the use of additives, especially turnip oil, increased the efficacy of Bentazon+Acifluorfen and Imazethapyr herbicides in control of C. album. Turnip oil and citogate increased the efficiency of Bentazon+Acifluorfen and Imazethapyr in reducing the production of by C. album above ground tissue1.29, 1.28, 2.13, and 1.30 times, respectively. However, these values were equal to 2.79, 1.98, 2.35, and 1.66 times for reducing the root biomass of C. album. The results of this study also showed that the root was more susceptible to herbicides in the presence of adjuvants. Increasing Bentazon+Acifluorfen and Imazethapyr herbicides concentrations led to decreased dry biomass produced by C. album. Turnip oil compared to citogate showed high efficiency for improving Bentazon+Acifluorfen and Imazethapyr performance. The results of this study showed a similar trend with other scientific reports including Rashed mohassel et al (26) that reported the high efficiency of herbicides for controlling canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) in the presence of vegetable oils compared with mineral oils. The result of this study showed different response of Bentazon+Acifluorfen and Imazethapyr to turnip oil and Citogate adjuvants. Therefore, applied proper herbicide adjuvant is a key factor in chemical weed management because this factor reduces herbicide rates for similar weed response. Using proper adjuvants may be increased herbicide performance more than other adjuvants. Moreover, results of these experiments revealed that root response was more than above ground tissue response to Bentazon+Acifluorfen and Imazethapyr herbicides in the presence of adjuvants.