تحلیل هزینه

In this study, production, reproduction, population, management and economic parameters resulted from recording of 12 industrial dairy farms in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province with herd size 20 to 250 and a total of 1240 head of Holstein cows in a cycle of production, during 2010 to 2012 were used for cost-benefit analysis and determination of the economical and biological efficiency values. Revenue was derived from milk, live weight, breeding animals and cull animals. Costs were included to feed, management and labor, health and veterinary, fuel and energy, interest rate and fixed. The results showed that the annually average profits per cow were ranged from 15206843 to 25921834 Rials (507 to 864 US$), revenue to cost ratio were 1.18 to 1.27 and biological efficiency ranged from 57.43 to 65.38 and all of them increased by milk production level. In general, the sale of milk yield, animal live weight and stock animal accounted the highest proportion of total revenue, respectively and the proportion of milk yield from total revenue increase by increasing milk level. The cost of feeding, interest rate, management and labor, health and veterinary, fixed and energy had the highest percent of total cost, respectively and the proportion of feeding cost increased with level of milk yield. The estimated cost- benefit analysis and efficiencies obtained in this study could be used to assist researchers, macro policy makers, determination of dairy cattle strategy and farmers in making decisions that will improve sustainability and also farm profitability.

Production، reproduction، management and economic parameters resulted from recordings of 5 flocks comprised of 720 heads of native goats during annual cycle of reproduction in transhumance، village and farming systems were employed to determine the performance of traits، cost-profit analysis as well as breeding objective. The overall mean for number of salable kid per goat in transhumance، village and farming systems were 0. 35، 0. 52 and 1. 20، respectively. The mean kid body weights in sale time were 22. 50، 28. 50 and 31. 86 kg، respectively. The mean milk salable shares per goat were 14. 50، 50. 50 and 60. 00 kg، respectively. The traits appeared in profit equation were survival rate in goat، conception rate، kidding frequency، kidding rate، kid survival rate to weaning، kid survival rate to yearling، kid live weight at sale، body weight of goat and milk yield (breeding objective). The average profit per goat per year were، estimated as 55427، 103162 and 733654 Rials for transhumance، village and farming systems. The economic efficiencies were calculated as 1. 10، 1. 09 and 1. 57، respectively. The highest and lowest profit occurred in farming and transhumance systems، respectively. The economic efficiency in village system was lower than in the transhumance system.