green tea

This study aimed to investigate the nutritional effects of phytosomal green tea on growth performance, lipid parameters, immune responses, antioxidant status, ileum bacterial population, and gamma interferon gene expression in compared to green tea extract. 375 male broiler chickens (ROSS 308)were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, with 5 replications and 15 chickens per cage. Treatments included 1- basal diet (negative control), 2- basal diet + 0.10 g/kg avilamycin, 3- basal diet + 0.60 g/kg salinomycin, 4- basal diet + 400 ml/kg green tea extract and 5-basal diet + 300 ml/kg green tea phytosome. Experimental treatments did not affect growth and carcass performance (P>0.05). Malondialdehyde, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma affected by phytosomal extract decreased compared to control (P<0.05). Antibody levels against red blood cells, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M increased in chickens fed phytosome supplement in comparison to the form of green tea extract at 28 days (P<0.05). The use of green tea extract reduced the population of Escherichia coli in comparison to avilamycin and increased the population of lactobacilli cmpared to salinomycin (P<0.05). The expression of interferon gamma gene in the spleen of chickens that received the phytosomal green tea extract was higher compared to the consumption of green tea extract (P<0.05). Conclusion is that, green tea extract -phospholipid complexes showed the same efficiency compared to green tea extract on the evaluated parameters and can be considered as an alternative in order to reduce the consumption of plant extracts in poultry nutrition.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of green tea waste (GTW) on gain performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in feedlot lambs. For this purpose, four experimental treatments with 0, 2, 4 and 6 percent of dry matter GTW were used. The amount of final body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significant among treatments with 2, 4 and 6% GTW (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference between treatment with 2% GTW and control in relation to performance. Treatment contain 2% GTW had the highest value of CP digestibility among the treatments (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in DM and OM digestibility of 2% GTW treatment and control group, but they were significantly more than other treatments (P<0.05). Nitrogen retention of 2% GTW treatment was not significantly different from control treatment, but it was significantly more than other treatments (P< 0.05). The amount of ammonia nitrogen of rumen liquor was significantly lesser in GTW treatments than control (P<0.05). The concentration of blood urea nitrogen was significantly lesser in GTW treatments than control (P<0.05). According to the results, using GTW in 2% level (DM) of lamb’s feedlot diet improved performance because of better digestibility and nitrogen balance.

In order to study the effect of green tea and fish oil on performance and antibody titer against Newcastle disease, 405 day-old broiler chickens were evaluated in a 3×3 factorial experiment using completely randomized design. Chicks were divided into 9 parts and each part was split into 3 groups. Each part was fed by diet containing 0% (T0), 0.75% (T0.75) or 1.5% (T1.5) dry powder of green tea and 0% (F0), 0.75% (F0.75) or 1.5% (F1.5) fish oil. Feed intake, gain weight and feed conversion ratio were estimated weekly. The vaccine of Newcastle was inoculated at 8 and 17d. To assay the antibody of Newcastle by HI test, blood samples were collected from five checks of each group from brachial vein at 25, 32 and 39 d. The results showed that there was no difference between treatments on the feed conversion ratio (P>0.05) and the lowest weight gain (30.43) and the highest feed intake (72.25) were observed by 1.5% fish oil and 1.5% green tea. At 39 d, the highest level of antibody (3) was obtained by 1.5 % fish oil (P<0.05). At 32 and 39d, the levels of antibody against Newcastle was lower in 1.5% green tea (2.09 and 2.18, respectively) than 0% green tea (2.64 and 2.84, respectively; P<0.05). Therefore, the addition of 1.5% fish oil and 1.5% green tea to diet of broiler chickens increased and decreased the humoral immunity responses against Newcastle disease, respectively.